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    Organosolv delignification and saccharification process for lignocellulosic plant materials
    2.
    发明授权
    Organosolv delignification and saccharification process for lignocellulosic plant materials 失效
    木质纤维素植物材料的有机溶剂脱木质素和糖化过程

    公开(公告)号：US4409032A

    公开(公告)日：1983-10-11

    申请号：US248023

    申请日：1981-03-26

    申请人： Laszlo Paszner ,  Pei-Ching Chang

    发明人： Laszlo Paszner ,  Pei-Ching Chang

    IPC分类号： C07G1/00 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07D307/50 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/20

    CPC分类号： D21C3/20 ,  C07D307/50 ,  C13K1/02

    摘要： Cellulose-containing material is rapidly saccharified to convert pentosans and hexosans to sugars by cooking under pressure at from 180.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. with acetone-water solvent mixture carrying from 0.05 to 0.25 weight percent of phosphoric, sulfuric or hydrochloric acids.A predominantly cellulosic material, e.g. a delignified pulp, is hydrolysed to yield relatively pure glucose recoverable from liquor which is flowed through the cellulose, then withdrawn and cooled and neutralized within an elapsed time of a minute or less.Whole wood is nearly totally dissolvable by the process, yielding mixed pentoses and hexoses. The dehydration and degradation products of sugars are formed by prolonging retention time of liquor from 20 to 45 minutes.

    摘要翻译： 通过在180℃至220℃的压力下进行烹饪，使含有0.05〜0.25％（重量）的磷酸，硫酸或盐酸的丙酮 - 水溶剂混合物，将含有纤维素的材料快速糖化，从而将戊聚糖和己糖体转化成糖。 主要是纤维素材料，例如 水解脱木质素以产生可从流过纤维素的液体回收的相对纯的葡萄糖，然后取出并冷却并在经过一分钟或更短的时间内中和。 整个木材几乎可以完全溶解，产生混合的戊糖和己糖。 糖的脱水和降解产物通过延长酒的保留时间从20分钟到45分钟而形成。

    UNIVERSAL PLIERS
    3.
    发明申请
    UNIVERSAL PLIERS 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20190351533A1

    公开(公告)日：2019-11-21

    申请号：US16357029

    申请日：2019-03-18

    申请人： PEI-CHING CHANG

    发明人： PEI-CHING CHANG

    IPC分类号： B25B7/16 ,  B25B7/02

    摘要： Universal pliers contains: a first jaw, a second jaw, a first lever, a second lever, and a connection extension. The first jaw and the second jaw are rotatably connected, the first lever is one-piece formed on the first jaw, the second lever is rotatably connected on the second jaw, a first end of the actuation extension is rotatably connected on the second lever, a second end of the actuation extension is rotatably connected in the first lever, and the actuation extension includes a bending section. The first lever includes a slide block and a spring which are accommodated on the first lever, a first side of the slide block abuts against the actuation extension, a first end of the spring is biased against a second side of the slide block, and a bottom of the first lever is screwed with a screw bolt which contacts with the spring.

    Pulping of lignocellulose with aqueous alcohol and alkaline earth metal salt catalyst
    9.
    发明授权
    Pulping of lignocellulose with aqueous alcohol and alkaline earth metal salt catalyst 失效
    用醇和碱土金属盐催化剂制备木质纤维素

    公开(公告)号：US4594130A

    公开(公告)日：1986-06-10

    申请号：US511717

    申请日：1983-07-07

    申请人： Pei-Ching Chang ,  Laszlo Paszner

    发明人： Pei-Ching Chang ,  Laszlo Paszner

    IPC分类号： D21C3/20 ,  D21C11/00

    CPC分类号： D21C3/20

    摘要： High yield pulping is achieved by cooking a lignocellulosic material in a confined chamber in the absence of added oxygen at elevated temperatures up to 240.degree. C. with an initially neutral or acidic mixture of alcohol and water in volume ratio between 50:50 and virtually anhydrous alcohol cooking liquor, using a lower aliphatic alcohol namely methanol, ethanol or n-propanol, carrying in solution at least about 0.002 moles per liter of a magnesium, calcium or barium salt as a primary catalyst soluble in at least catalytic amounts in the mixture to form barium, calcium and magnesium ions. The cooking time may range from at least two (2) minutes to under three (3) hours. The process yields bright, free-fiber pulp even at residual lignin of 80 Kappa number as high as 80% of softwood and up to 75% of hardwood weight, of viscosity (TAPPI 0.5% Cu En) above 18 up to 60 centipoise. Addition of trace amounts of an acidic compound as a secondary catalyst increases the rate of delignification. Elevated pressures on the cooking solvent mixture also increases the rate of delignification.

    摘要翻译： 在高达240℃的升高的温度下，在限制室内烹制木质纤维素材料，通过在50:50至几乎无水的体积比为酒精和水的初始中性或酸性混合物中， 酒精烹调液，使用低级脂族醇，即甲醇，乙醇或正丙醇，其中以至少约0.002摩尔/升的镁，钙或钡盐作为主要催化剂，以至少可溶于至少催化量的混合物至 形成钡，钙和镁离子。 烹饪时间可以在至少两（2）分钟到三（3）小时之间。 即使在高达80％软木的高达80Kpa的残余木质素和高于18厘米至60厘泊的粘度（TAPPI 0.5％Cu En）的高达75％的硬木重量的情况下，该方法产生明亮的自由纤维纸浆。 添加痕量的作为二次催化剂的酸性化合物增加脱木质素的速率。 烹饪溶剂混合物上的高压也增加了脱木质素的速率。

    High efficiency organosolv saccharification process
    10.
    发明授权
    High efficiency organosolv saccharification process 失效
    高效率有机溶剂糖化工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4470851A

    公开(公告)日：1984-09-11

    申请号：US347238

    申请日：1982-02-09

    申请人： Laszlo Paszner ,  Pei-Ching Chang

    发明人： Laszlo Paszner ,  Pei-Ching Chang

    IPC分类号： C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/20 ,  C07G1/00

    CPC分类号： D21C3/20 ,  C13K1/02

    摘要： Comminuted cellulosic materials which may or may not contain lignin are partially or totally hydrolyzed or saccharified by an improved organosolv process using an aqueous acetone solvent mixture containing a small amount of an acidic compound and containing at least about 70 percent by volume of acetone and up to virtually anhydrous acetone. The process is performed at elevated reaction temperatures, preferably at 145.degree. C. to 230.degree. C., for a limited period of time and then with cooling such that the resultant dissolved sugars from the hydrolysis are not degraded into non-sugars. In particular the reaction is conducted such that the cellulosic material is dissolved and such that at least ninety percent or more of available sugars in the cellulosic material are recovered. Unexpectedly it has been found that acetone at high concentration forms stable complexes with the sugars which prevents their degradation and also facilitates separation of the sugars. Lignin and sugars derived are commercially useful chemical compounds.

    摘要翻译： 通过改进的有机溶剂方法，使用含有少量酸性化合物的含水丙酮溶剂混合物并含有至少约70体积％的丙酮，可能或可能不含木质素的粉碎的纤维素材料被部分或全部水解或糖化，直到 几乎无水丙酮。 该方法在升高的反应温度下进行，优选在145℃至230℃下进行有限的时间，然后冷却，使得所得到的水解溶解的糖不会降解成非糖。 特别地，进行反应，使得纤维素材料溶解，使得回收至少90％或更多的可用的糖。 意外地发现，高浓度的丙酮与糖形成稳定的配合物，防止其降解并且还促进糖的分离。 衍生的木质素和糖是商业上有用的化合物。