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公开(公告)号：US08389175B2
公开(公告)日：2013-03-05
申请号：US12867162
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/775
摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。
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公开(公告)号：US08304365B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-06
申请号：US12867153
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/56 , B01J37/0226 , B01J37/347 , B01J37/348
摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US20100316930A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12867162
申请日：2008-05-16
CPC分类号： H01M4/8647 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/086 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/521 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/775
摘要： A fuel cell (70) having an anode (72), a cathode (78) and an electrolyte (76) between the anode (72) and the cathode (78) includes a cathode catalyst (80) formed of a plurality of nanoparticles. Each nanoparticle (20) has a plurality of terraces (26) formed of platinum surface atoms (14), and a plurality of edge (28) and corner regions (29) formed of atoms from a second metal (30)—The cathode catalyst may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions from the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. The second metal atoms at the corner and edge regions of the nanoparticle, as well as at any surface defects, result in a more stable catalyst structure. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and the nanoparticles are tetrahedron-shaped. In some embodiments, the fuel cell (70) is a phosphoric acid fuel cell and the nanoparticles are cubic-shaped.
摘要翻译： 在阳极（72）和阴极（78）之间具有阳极（72），阴极（78）和电解质（76）的燃料电池（70）包括由多个纳米颗粒形成的阴极催化剂（80）。 每个纳米颗粒（20）具有由铂表面原子（14）形成的多个梯田（26），以及由第二金属（30）的原子形成的多个边缘（28）和拐角区域（29）。阴极催化剂 可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 来自第二金属的离子与铂反应并且替换纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 在纳米颗粒的角落和边缘区域的第二个金属原子以及任何表面缺陷导致更稳定的催化剂结构。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是质子交换膜燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是四面体形状。 在一些实施例中，燃料电池（70）是磷酸燃料电池，并且纳米颗粒是立方体形状。
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公开(公告)号：US20100055538A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-04
申请号：US12514623
申请日：2006-12-08
申请人： Weilong Zhang , Patrick L. Hagans , Nikunj Gupta
发明人： Weilong Zhang , Patrick L. Hagans , Nikunj Gupta
IPC分类号： H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/0208 , H01M8/021 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A bipolar plate (30, 30′) for use in a fuel cell (12, 14) includes a first metal layer (40a) having a first corrosion potential and a second metal layer (40b) that tends to grow an oxide layer (42, 42′) during operation of the fuel cell (12, 14). The second metal layer (40b) includes a second corrosion potential such that there is a corrosion potential gradient between the first metal layer (40a) and the second metal layer (40b) that resists growth of the oxide layer (42, 42′).
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池（12,14）的双极板（30,30'）包括具有第一腐蚀电位的第一金属层（40a）和易于生长氧化物层（42）的第二金属层（40b） ，42'）在燃料电池（12,14）的运行期间。 第二金属层（40b）包括第二腐蚀电位，使得在抵抗氧化物层（42,42'）生长的第一金属层（40a）和第二金属层（40b）之间存在腐蚀电位梯度。
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5.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100040911A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12514507
申请日：2006-12-08
申请人： Sergei F. Burlatsky , Jean Colpin , Shubhro Ghosh , Nikunj Gupta , Patrick L. Hagans , Weilong Zhang
发明人： Sergei F. Burlatsky , Jean Colpin , Shubhro Ghosh , Nikunj Gupta , Patrick L. Hagans , Weilong Zhang
CPC分类号： H01M8/0206 , C22C19/055 , H01M8/0204 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0228 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： A bipolar plate (30) for use in a fuel cell stack (10) includes one or more first metal layers (40a) having a tendency to grow an electrically passive layer in the presence of a fuel cell reactant gas and one or more second metal layers (40b) directly adjacent the one or more first metal layers (40a). The second metal layer has a tendency to resist growing any oxide layer in the presence of the fuel cell reactant gas to maintain a threshold electrical conductivity. The second metal layer also has a section for contacting an electrode (12, 14) and providing an electrically conductive path between the electrode (12, 14) and the first metal layer.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料电池堆（10）的双极板（30）包括在燃料电池反应气体和一种或多种第二金属（10）的存在下具有生长电动钝化层趋势的一个或多个第一金属层（40a） 直接邻近一个或多个第一金属层（40a）的层（40b）。 第二金属层在燃料电池反应气体存在下具有抵抗生长任何氧化物层的趋势，以保持阈值电导率。 第二金属层还具有用于使电极（12,14）接触并在电极（12,14）和第一金属层之间提供导电路径的部分。
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公开(公告)号：US20080160354A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-03
申请号：US11646203
申请日：2006-12-27
CPC分类号： H01M8/0208 , H01M8/021 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/043 , H01M8/24 , H01M2008/1095
摘要： An article for use in a fuel cell stack (10) includes a bipolar plate (30) that includes a metal alloy having a nominal composition of about 40 wt % to 60 wt % nickel, about 12 wt % to 25 wt % chromium, about 10 wt % to 35 wt % iron, and about 5 wt % to 10 wt % of at least one element from aluminum, manganese, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, vanadium, and combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 用于燃料电池堆（10）的制品包括双极板（30），其包括金属合金，标称组成为约40重量％至60重量％的镍，约12重量％至25重量％的铬，约 10重量％至35重量％的铁，以及约5重量％至10重量％的来自铝，锰，钼，铌，钴，钒及其组合的至少一种元素。
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公开(公告)号：US06835480B2
公开(公告)日：2004-12-28
申请号：US10331570
申请日：2002-12-30
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04228 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2483
摘要： The invention is a method of using a temporary dilute surfactant water solution to enhance mass transport in a fuel cell (10) that generates electrical current from hydrogen containing reducing fluid and oxygen containing oxidant reactant streams. The method includes the steps of: a. directing the dilute surfactant water solution to flow through a cathode flow field (20) of a fuel cell (10); b. then removing the solution from the fuel cell (10); and, c. then directing flow of the reactant streams through the flow fields (12) (20). The temporary dilute surfactant water solution has a surface tension of not less than 50 dynes/cm. Flowing the temporary dilute surfactant water solution through the fuel cell (10) for a temporary, short duration improves mass transport of the cell (10) even after the solution is removed from the cell (10).
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公开(公告)号：US06569308B2
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US09911389
申请日：2001-07-25
IPC分类号： C25B300
CPC分类号： C02F1/46109 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/4676 , C02F2001/46138 , C02F2001/46157 , C02F2101/30 , C02F2101/36 , C02F2305/023 , C25B11/0478 , G01N27/308
摘要： An electrode for electrochemical uses is made of a conductive metal mesh coated with diamond-like carbon or dirty diamond. The electrode may be used in electrochemical cell either as a cathode or as an anode, or can be used with an alternating current.
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公开(公告)号：US20110143934A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US12867153
申请日：2008-05-16
IPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J23/52 , B01J23/46 , B01J23/656 , B01J23/44 , B01J23/50 , B01J23/652 , B01J23/648 , B01J21/06 , B01J23/68 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： B01J35/0013 , B01J23/42 , B01J23/56 , B01J37/0226 , B01J37/347 , B01J37/348
摘要： A stabilized platinum nanoparticle has a core portion surrounded by a plurality of outer surfaces. The outer surfaces include terrace regions formed of platinum atoms, and edge and corner regions formed of atoms from a second metal. The stabilized nanoparticle may be formed by combining a platinum nanoparticle with a metal salt in a solution. Ions of the second metal react with platinum and replace platinum atoms on the nanoparticle. Platinum atoms from the edge and corner regions react with the second metal ions quicker than surface atoms from the terraces, due to a greater difference in electrode potential between the platinum atoms at the edge and corner regions, as compared to the second metal in the solution. The platinum nanoparticle may include surface defects, such as steps and kinks, which may also be replaced with atoms of the second metal. In an exemplary embodiment, the platinum nanoparticle is a cathode catalyst in an electro-chemical cell.
摘要翻译： 稳定的铂纳米颗粒具有由多个外表面包围的芯部分。 外表面包括由铂原子形成的平台区域，以及由第二金属原子形成的边缘和拐角区域。 稳定的纳米颗粒可以通过将铂纳米颗粒与溶液中的金属盐组合而形成。 第二金属的离子与铂反应，并取代纳米颗粒上的铂原子。 由于与溶液中的第二金属相比，在边缘和拐角区域处的铂原子与边缘和角部区域上的铂原子之间的电极电位差异更大，所以来自边缘和角区域的铂原子与第二金属离子比来自梯田的表面原子更快地反应 。 铂纳米颗粒可以包括表面缺陷，例如步骤和扭结，其也可以被第二金属的原子替代。 在示例性实施方案中，铂纳米颗粒是电化学电池中的阴极催化剂。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06979509B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-27
申请号：US10701987
申请日：2003-11-05
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029
摘要： A freeze tolerant fuel cell power plant (10) includes at least one fuel cell (12), a coolant loop (42) having a porous water transport plate (44) secured in a heat and mass exchange relationship with the fuel cell (12) and a coolant pump (46) for circulating a coolant through the plate (44) and for transferring water into or out of the plate (44) with the coolant. A coolant heat exchanger (52) removes heat from the coolant, and an accumulator (66) stores the coolant and fuel cell product water and directs the product water out of the accumulator (66). The coolant is a two-component mixed coolant liquid circulating through the coolant loop (42) consisting of between 80 and 95 volume percent of a low freezing temperature water immiscible fluid component and between 5 and 20 volume percent of a water component.
摘要翻译： 一种耐冷燃料电池发电厂（10）包括至少一个燃料电池（12），具有与燃料电池（12）以热交换关系固定的多孔水输送板（44）的冷却剂回路（42） 以及冷却剂泵（46），用于使冷却剂循环通过所述板（44）并且用冷却剂将水输送进出所述板（44）。 冷却剂热交换器（52）从冷却剂中除去热量，蓄能器（66）存储冷却剂和燃料电池产品水，并将产品水引导出蓄能器（66）。 冷却剂是循环通过冷却剂回路（42）的双组分混合冷却剂液体，其由80至95体积％的低冷冻温度水不混溶流体组分和5至20体积％的水组分组成。
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