公开(公告)号：US4919099A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US167694

申请日：1988-03-14

Applicant: Philip Extance ,  Roger J. Hazelden ,  David Nutton

Inventor： Philip Extance ,  Roger J. Hazelden ,  David Nutton

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02D35/02 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01L23/16 ,  G01M15/04 ,  G01M15/10 ,  G01N21/71

CPC classification number: F02D35/022 ,  F02D41/1462 ,  G01L23/16 ,  G01M15/10 ,  G01M15/108 ,  F02B1/04 ,  F02D35/028

Abstract: A method of monitoring combustion within a cylinder of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine comprising deriving first and second electrical signals representative of light intensity within the cylinder by means of first and second optical transducers of spaced spectral response, said first and second optical transducers observing the combustion event at a common location, or at closely adjacent locations, and, establishing a signal representing the ratio of said first and second electrical signals, said ratio signal being used as, or to obtain, a control parameter for an engine control system. The invention also resides in apparatus for monitoring combustion in accordance with the above method.

公开(公告)号：US4668085A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-26

申请号：US726972

申请日：1985-04-25

Applicant: Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Rosamund C. Neat ,  Roger E. Jones

Inventor： Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Rosamund C. Neat ,  Roger E. Jones

IPC: G01D5/26 ,  G01L1/24 ,  G01R15/24 ,  G01R33/032 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G01B11/16 ,  G02B5/30

CPC classification number: G01R15/248 ,  G01D5/268 ,  G01L1/241 ,  G01R33/032 ,  G02F1/0131

Abstract: Certain materials (e.g. polymers, glasses) exhibit the photo-elastic effect, whereby when they are subject to stress become birefringent, which influences a light beam passing through the glass. This beam, e.g. from a laser is collimated and circularly polarized as it approaches the glass and is again polarized as it leaves the glass. This stress is applied, according to this invention, by magnetostrictive strips on the glass which are influenced, by the magnetic field to be measured or the AC bias field. A miniaturized arrangement using this principle is described.

Abstract translation: 某些材料（例如聚合物，玻璃）表现出光弹效应，当受到应力时，会产生双折射，这影响穿过玻璃的光束。 该光束，例如 来自激光的是准直和圆偏振，因为它接近玻璃，并再次偏振，因为它离开玻璃。 根据本发明，这种应力是通过被测量的磁场或AC偏压场影响的玻璃上的磁致伸缩条应用的。 描述使用该原理的小型化布置。

公开(公告)号：US4587509A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-06

申请号：US625559

申请日：1984-06-28

Applicant: Gillies D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance

Inventor： Gillies D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance

IPC: H01L43/04 ,  H01L43/00 ,  H01L43/02

CPC classification number: H01L43/04

Abstract: A Hall effect device for responding to weak magnetic fields uses a small chip of gallium arsenide located between the overlapped ends of two flux concentrators. The spacing between the concentrators may be as small as 95 micrometers. The flux concentrator, which serve to enhance the device's sensitivity are made of amorphous magnetic material, i.e. a metallic glass, which has high permeability.

Abstract translation: 用于响应弱磁场的霍尔效应装置使用位于两个磁通集中器的重叠端之间的小的砷化镓芯片。 集中器之间的间距可以小至95微米。 用于提高器件灵敏度的助焊剂由具有高透过性的非晶磁性材料即金属玻璃制成。

公开(公告)号：US4656750A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-14

申请号：US736835

申请日：1985-05-22

Applicant: Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  David Wilson

Inventor： Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  David Wilson

IPC: G01C17/32 ,  G01C17/26 ,  G01P15/18 ,  G01R33/02 ,  G01C17/02

CPC classification number: G01C17/26 ,  G01P15/18 ,  G01R33/0206

Abstract: A solid-state heading sensor is comprised by a three-axis Hall effect magnetometer and a three-axis accelerometer. The magnetometer is comprised by a cube-like structure (10) of non-magnetic material on each of three orthogonally related faces of which is located a respective Hall effect device (11, 12, 13), for example of GaAs. The three-axis accelerometer may be comprised by a three-axis module (15) disposed in a recess in the cube-like structure, or by three separate accelerometer structures (23, 24, 25), for example planar etched silicon accelerometers, each disposed on a respective one of the orthogonally related faces adjacent the Hall effect device (20, 21, 22) thereon.

Abstract translation: 固态航向传感器由三轴霍尔效应磁力计和三轴加速度计组成。 磁力计由非磁性材料的立方体状结构（10）组成，其三个正交相关面中的每一个位于相应的霍尔效应器件（11,12,13），例如GaAs。 三轴加速度计可以由设置在立方体结构中的凹部中的三轴模块（15）或三个单独的加速度计结构（23,24,25）构成，例如平面蚀刻硅加速度计，每个 设置在与霍尔效应装置（20,21,22）相邻的相邻的相关面之一上。

公开(公告)号：US4696543A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-29

申请号：US729180

申请日：1985-05-01

Applicant: Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

Inventor： Gilles D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

IPC: G02B6/44

CPC classification number: G02B6/4427 ,  G02B6/4401 ,  G02B6/443 ,  G02B6/4492

Abstract: Amorphous metallic material in ribbon form is employed to provide hermeticity of cable elements, particularly optical fibres. The metallic glass CuZr has a low permeability for hydrogen, particularly when erbium is included. Thus sealing optical fibres (1) in amorphous metal tubes (3) will prevent increase in attenuation of such fibres when used in submarine cables by preventing contact with hydrogen generated in such cables during use thereof.

Abstract translation: 使用带形式的无定形金属材料来提供电缆元件，特别是光纤的气密性。 金属玻璃CuZr对氢气具有低磁导率，特别是当包含铒时。 因此，非晶金属管（3）中的密封光纤（1）将防止在使用时在这种电缆中防止与在这种电缆中产生的氢的接触而用于海底电缆中的这种纤维的衰减增加。

公开(公告)号：US4692703A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-08

申请号：US704253

申请日：1985-02-22

Applicant: Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones ,  Stewart O. Martin

Inventor： Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones ,  Stewart O. Martin

IPC: G01R33/06 ,  G01R33/04 ,  G01R33/07 ,  H01L43/04

CPC classification number: G01R33/07 ,  G01R33/04 ,  H01L43/04

Abstract: An alternating magnetic excitation field is generated in the flux concentrators (11,12) of a Hall effect device, including a Hall element (13), by passing an a.c. current through a coil (14). This alternating field serves to drive the flux concentrators into and out of saturation. In the presence of a d.c. magnetic field and when a Hall current is applied to the Hall element, a second harmonic component is generated in the output voltage of the Hall element (13); the amplitude of the second harmonic component providing a measure of the d.c. magnetic field. In an alternative arrangement (FIG. 4) the flux concentrator means is in loop form rather than in a flat configuration as in FIG. 3.

Abstract translation: 在包括霍尔元件（13）的霍尔效应装置的集流器（11,12）中产生交变磁场， 电流通过线圈（14）。 该交变场用于驱动集流器进入和离开饱和。 在d.c.的存在 当霍尔元件施加霍尔电流时，在霍尔元件（13）的输出电压中产生二次谐波分量。 二次谐波分量的振幅提供直流的测量。 磁场。 在替代布置（图4）中，通量集中器装置是环形的，而不是如图4中的平坦配置。 3。

公开(公告)号：US4774494A

公开(公告)日：1988-09-27

申请号：US888075

申请日：1986-07-22

Applicant: Philip Extance ,  Roger J. Hazelden

Inventor： Philip Extance ,  Roger J. Hazelden

IPC: G01D5/34 ,  G01D5/347 ,  H03M1/30

CPC classification number: G01D5/347 ,  H03M1/301

Abstract: An incremental position encoder comprising a first member arranged for movement with a second member the movement of which is to be monitored, a plurality of light transmissive or reflective elements of three distinct colors, said elements being arranged in a row on said first member, and the elements being arranged in the row in a repeating sequence of said three colors, a light source directing light to said elements and a color sensitive light detector for receiving light transmitted by, or reflected from said elements, said color sensitive detector being arranged to produce, at any given instant, one of three distinct outputs dependant upon the color of the three available, of the element which is at that instant transmitting or reflecting light from the source to the detector.

Abstract translation: 一种增量式位置编码器，包括：第一构件，被布置成与待移动的第二构件移动，第二构件的运动被监视;多个透明或三种不同颜色的反射元件，所述元件在所述第一构件上排成一列;以及 所述元件以所述三种颜色的重复序列排列在行中，光源将光引导到所述元件，以及用于接收由所述元件透射或反射的光的感光光检测器，所述颜色敏感检测器被布置成产生 在任何给定的时刻，三个不同的输出中的一个取决于三个可用的元件的颜色，该瞬间将该光从源传输或反射到检测器。

公开(公告)号：US4712065A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-08

申请号：US831263

申请日：1986-02-20

Applicant: Gillies D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

Inventor： Gillies D. Pitt ,  Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

IPC: G01R33/032 ,  G01R33/02 ,  G02B5/30 ,  G02F1/29 ,  G02F1/31

CPC classification number: G01R33/0327

Abstract: In a fiber optic interferometric magnetic sensor or magnetic gradient detector a magnetic bias field is applied to a magnetically sensitized portion of an optical fiber by means which are driven by optical power whereby a completely passive sensor head arrangement may be achieved. In a magnetic gradient detector optical power from a high power laser (34) may be supplied via an optical fiber (35) to illuminate a solar cell 27 to whose electrical output terminals solenoids (25,26) are connected. A portion of a respective optical fiber (21, 22) which is magnetically sensitized, by for example bonding to a strip of magnetostrictive material (23, 24), is disposed inside each solenoid (25, 26).

Abstract translation: 在光纤干涉式磁传感器或磁梯度检测器中，通过由光功率驱动的装置将磁偏置场施加到光纤的磁敏部分，由此可以实现完全无源的传感器头布置。 在磁梯度检测器中，来自大功率激光器（34）的光功率可经由光纤（35）供应以照亮其电输出端螺线管（25,26）连接到其上的太阳能电池27。 通过例如粘合到磁致伸缩材料条（23,24）而被磁性敏化的相应光纤（21,22）的一部分设置在每个螺线管（25,26）内。

公开(公告)号：US4697146A

公开(公告)日：1987-09-29

申请号：US827452

申请日：1986-02-10

Applicant: Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

Inventor： Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

IPC: G01R33/032 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02F1/09

CPC classification number: G01R33/0327

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor is comprised by a length of magnetically sensitized single mode optical fibre wound in substantially random directions on a sphere of non-magnetic material, so that an omnidirectional response is obtained. Specific directionality can be obtained by application of a dc bias field in the desired direction. All three perpendicular components can be measured by applying three perpendicular ac fields at different frequencies. The sensor is intended for use in all fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer types of magnetometer or magnetic gradient detector, examples of which are described.

Abstract translation: 磁场传感器由在非磁性材料球上以大致随机方向缠绕的长度的磁敏单模光纤包括，从而获得全方位的响应。 可以通过在期望的方向施加直流偏置场来获得特定的方向性。 所有三个垂直分量可以通过应用三个不同频率的垂直ac场来测量。 该传感器适用于所有光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪类型的磁力计或磁梯度检测器，其实例已被描述。

公开(公告)号：US4665363A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-12

申请号：US831264

申请日：1986-02-20

Applicant: Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

Inventor： Philip Extance ,  Roger E. Jones

IPC: G01R33/022 ,  G01R33/032 ,  G01B9/02 ,  G02F1/09

CPC classification number: G01R33/022 ,  G01R33/0327

Abstract: Two portions (B,C) of one arm of an optical fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer are magnetically sensitized and each has applied thereto an a.c. bias fields at a respective different frequency (w.sub.1, w.sub.2). One portion (A) of the other arm of the interferometer is magnetically sensitized and has two a.c. bias fields applied thereto, each at one of the different frequencies (w.sub.1,w.sub.2). The fields for portion A and C are aligned with a first direction (x) whereas those for A and B are parallel, A and B being separated in a second direction (y). The detected output of the interferometer at frequency w.sub.1 is related to the magnetic gradient in the y direction, whereas the detected output at frequency w.sub.2 is related to the magnetic gradient in the x direction. Thus using two bias frequencies allows one interferometer to be used to detect two gradients (FIG. 8).

Abstract translation: 光纤马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪的一个臂的两个部分（B，C）被磁性敏化，并且每个都施加了一个直流电。 各个不同频率（w1，w2）的偏置场。 干涉仪的另一臂的一部分（A）是磁性敏感的，并具有两个直流。 施加到其上的偏置场，各自在不同频率（w1，w2）之一处。 部分A和C的场与第一方向（x）对准，而对于A和B的场平行，A和B沿第二方向（y）分离。 频率为w1的干涉仪的检测输出与y方向的磁梯度有关，而频率w2的检测输出与x方向的磁梯度有关。 因此，使用两个偏置频率允许使用一个干涉仪来检测两个梯度（图8）。