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    Measuring the quality of images
    3.
    发明授权
    Measuring the quality of images 失效
    测量图像的质量

    公开(公告)号：US4053934A

    公开(公告)日：1977-10-11

    申请号：US576433

    申请日：1975-05-12

    申请人： Philipp G. Kornreich ,  Stephen T. Kowel

    发明人： Philipp G. Kornreich ,  Stephen T. Kowel

    IPC分类号： G02B7/36 ,  G02B27/40 ,  H04N3/14 ,  G02F1/11

    CPC分类号： G08B13/19626 ,  G02B27/40 ,  G02B7/365 ,  G08B13/1961 ,  G08B13/19634

    摘要： Method and apparatus for measuring the quality and sharpness of images and for using the measurement results to control parameters such as camera and projector focusing, range finding, optical system modifications and the like. In one embodiment, an image is formed on a medium which has an electrical property that varies predictably with the sharpness of an image incident on it. The property is measured and the derived electrical signal controls automatic focusing of objective and projection lenses, range finder settings, and the like. The invention relies on the discovery of an interaction between images, strain waves and electrical properties in certain devices which allows deriving an electrical signal whose magnitude corresponds to high spatial frequency Fourier components of the image. In addition to other useful characteristics, the electrical signal is at a maximum when the overall sharpness of the image is high and drops off significantly as the image becomes blurred. Alternately, high frequency components of the spatial Fourier transform of images are found by other means, e.g., optically, and the magnitude of these components is used as an indication of the sharpness of the images, and of other parameters of optical systems.

    摘要翻译： 用于测量图像的质量和清晰度以及使用测量结果来控制诸如照相机和投影仪聚焦，测距，光学系统修改等参数的方法和装置。 在一个实施例中，在具有随着入射到其上的图像的清晰度可预测地变化的电特性的介质上形成图像。 测量属性，导出的电信号控制物镜和投影镜头的自动聚焦，测距仪设置等。 本发明依赖于在某些设备中发现图像，应变波和电特性之间的相互作用，其允许导出其幅度对应于图像的高空间频率傅立叶分量的电信号。 除了其他有用的特征之外，当图像的整体清晰度高时，电信号是最大的，并且随着图像变得模糊而显着降低。 或者，图像的空间傅里叶变换的高频分量通过其它方式例如光学地找到，并且这些分量的大小用作图像的清晰度以及光学系统的其它参数的指示。

    Motion detection employing direct Fourier transforms of images
    5.
    发明授权
    Motion detection employing direct Fourier transforms of images 失效
    运动检测采用直接傅里叶变换图像

    公开(公告)号：US4063281A

    公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

    申请号：US499606

    申请日：1974-08-22

    申请人： Philipp G. Kornreich ,  Stephen T. Kowel

    发明人： Philipp G. Kornreich ,  Stephen T. Kowel

    IPC分类号： G02F1/11 ,  G06K9/20 ,  G06K9/36 ,  G06K9/52 ,  G06K9/60 ,  G08B13/194 ,  H04N3/10 ,  G08B13/24 ,  H01L41/08 ,  H04N5/74

    CPC分类号： G08B13/19602 ,  G02F1/11 ,  G06K9/2009 ,  G06K9/36 ,  G06K9/522 ,  G06K9/60 ,  G08B13/19634 ,  H04N3/10

    摘要： Method and apparatus for directly converting between an image and the spatial or temporal Fourier transform thereof. To convert an image into its Fourier transform representation, the image interacts with strain waves in media that have electrical properties varying as a function of both the intensity pattern of the image and strain waves in the media. The electrical properties are measured to derive signals representing Fourier series terms defining the image. The derived signals are used to detect motion (including motion in the plane of the image), for image stabilization and scaling, and for pattern recognition. A new DEFT device (Direct Electronic Fourier Transform) obtains a Fourier transform representation of an image by utilizing photon assisted tunnelling current through an isolator film junction between two thin conductor films. Another new DEFT device provides spatial scanning similar to television raster scanning but utilizing completely different principles. Still another new DEFT device generates a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform representation of an image without the need for two-dimensional scanning of the strain wave. An image is reconstructed from electrical signals obtained as described above by interacting uniform (but not necessarily coherent) light with strain waves that are a function of these electrical signals.

    摘要翻译： 用于在图像与其空间或时间傅立叶变换之间直接转换的方法和装置。 为了将图像转换成其傅里叶变换表示，图像与介质中的应变波相互作用，其具有随介质中的图像的强度图案和应变波两者而变化的电特性。 测量电性能以导出表示定义图像的傅立叶级数项的信号。 导出的信号用于检测运动（包括图像平面中的运动），用于图像稳定和缩放以及模式识别。 新的DEFT器件（直接电子傅里叶变换）通过利用通过两个薄导体膜之间的隔离膜结的光子辅助隧穿电流获得图像的傅立叶变换表示。 另一种新的DEFT设备提供类似于电视光栅扫描的空间扫描，但是使用完全不同的原理。 另一个新的DEFT装置产生图像的二维空间傅里叶变换表示，而不需要对应变波进行二维扫描。 通过与作为这些电信号的函数的应变波相互作用均匀（但不一定相干）光，由如上所述获得的电信号重构图像。