公开(公告)号：US08582692B1

公开(公告)日：2013-11-12

申请号：US13613212

申请日：2012-09-13

申请人： Qing Zhao ,  Souvik Dihidar ,  Leilei Song ,  Jungwon Lee

发明人： Qing Zhao ,  Souvik Dihidar ,  Leilei Song ,  Jungwon Lee

IPC分类号： H04L25/06

CPC分类号： H04L27/2647 ,  H04L25/06

摘要： In accordance with the teachings described herein, systems and methods are provided for calibrating DC offset in a receiver. A DC calibration circuit may be used that is configured to remove DC offset from a digital multi-carrier modulated (MCM) signal that includes a sequence of MCM symbols. The DC calibration circuit may include an accumulator and a compensator. The accumulator may be used to determine an estimated DC offset of a current MCM symbol in the sequence of MCM symbols. The compensator may be used to remove the estimated DC offset from a next MCM symbol in the sequence of MCM symbols. The accumulator may also be used to receive a plurality of digital samples that comprise the current MCM symbol and to determine the estimated DC offset by calculating an average of the plurality of digital samples.

摘要翻译： 根据本文所述的教导，提供了用于校准接收机中的DC偏移的系统和方法。 可以使用DC校准电路，其被配置为从包括MCM符号序列的数字多载波调制（MCM）信号中去除DC偏移。 DC校准电路可以包括蓄电池和补偿器。 可以使用累加器来确定MCM符号序列中的当前MCM符号的估计DC偏移。 补偿器可以用于从MCM符号序列中的下一个MCM符号中去除估计的DC偏移。 累加器还可以用于接收包括当前MCM符号的多个数字样本，并且通过计算多个数字样本的平均值来确定估计的DC偏移。

公开(公告)号：US08433003B1

公开(公告)日：2013-04-30

申请号：US13447738

申请日：2012-04-16

申请人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao

发明人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao

IPC分类号： H04L27/06

CPC分类号： H04L27/2647 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2656 ,  H04L27/2657 ,  H04L27/2662

摘要： A system including a magnitude measuring module, an energy normalization module, and a metric generation module. The magnitude measuring module is configured to measure magnitudes of real portions of differentially demodulated signals, wherein the differentially demodulated signals are generated by differential demodulation of signals received from a base station. The energy normalization module is configured to generate a sum of energies of a plurality of subcarriers included in the signals received from the base station. The metric generation module is configured to generate a plurality of metrics for a plurality of symbols included in the signals received from the base station. The metric generation module is further configured to detect, based on the plurality of metrics, a preamble symbol included in the signals received from the base station.

摘要翻译： 一种包括幅度测量模块，能量归一化模块和度量生成模块的系统。 幅度测量模块被配置为测量差分解调信号的实部的幅度，其中通过对从基站接收的信号的差分解调产生差分解调信号。 能量归一化模块被配置为生成包括在从基站接收的信号中的多个子载波的能量之和。 度量生成模块被配置为为从基站接收的信号中包括的多个符号生成多个度量。 度量生成模块还被配置为基于多个度量来检测包括在从基站接收的信号中的前导码符号。

公开(公告)号：US08005155B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

申请号：US12002610

申请日：2007-12-18

申请人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao

发明人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao

IPC分类号： H04K1/10

CPC分类号： H04L27/2647 ,  H04L5/0007 ,  H04L25/0224 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2656 ,  H04L27/2657 ,  H04L27/2662

摘要： A system includes an input, a differential demodulation module, a magnitude measuring module, a summing module, and a metric generator module. The input receives input signals that include s sets of modulated sub-carriers carrying symbols, where s is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The differential demodulation module generates differentially demodulated signals based on the input signals. The magnitude measuring module measures magnitudes of real portions of the differentially demodulated signals. The summing module generates s sums, wherein each of the s sums is a sum of the magnitudes generated based on a respective one of the s sets. The metric generator module generates metrics for the symbols based on the s sums.

摘要翻译： 系统包括输入，差分解调模块，幅度测量模块，求和模块和度量发生器模块。 输入接收输入信号，该输入信号包括携带符号的调制子载波组，其中s是大于或等于1的整数。差分解调模块基于输入信号产生差分解调的信号。 幅度测量模块测量差分解调信号的实部的幅度。 求和模块产生s和，其中s个和中的每一个是基于s集合中的相应一个生成的量值的总和。 度量生成器模块基于s个和值生成符号的度量。

公开(公告)号：US20110052655A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-03

申请号：US12843850

申请日：2010-07-26

申请人： Wilson Kurt WHITEKETTLE ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Dorothy G. Reynolds ,  Paul Robert Frail ,  Linna Wang ,  Juan Jiang ,  Qing Zhao

发明人： Wilson Kurt WHITEKETTLE ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Dorothy G. Reynolds ,  Paul Robert Frail ,  Linna Wang ,  Juan Jiang ,  Qing Zhao

IPC分类号： A01N25/34 ,  A01N59/00 ,  A01N59/08 ,  A01N59/16 ,  A01N59/20 ,  A01N63/02 ,  A01N63/00 ,  A01N65/00

CPC分类号： A01N25/28

摘要： A method for controlling protozoa trophozoites and cysts wherein one or more biocides or non-biocidal agents are encapsulated within a micro-capsule or nano-capsule and then introduced into an aqueous system. The micro-capsule or nano-capsule has an exterior composition adapted for digestion by the protozoa. A vesicle for controlling protozoa trophozoites and cysts is also provided.

摘要翻译： 用于控制原生动物滋养体和囊肿的方法，其中将一种或多种杀生物剂或非杀生物剂包封在微胶囊或纳米胶囊内，然后引入含水体系中。 微胶囊或纳米胶囊具有适于由原生动物消化的外部组合物。 还提供了用于控制原生动物滋养体和囊肿的囊泡。

公开(公告)号：US20090039035A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US11835722

申请日：2007-08-08

申请人： Wilson Kurt Whitekettle ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Qing Zhao

发明人： Wilson Kurt Whitekettle ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Qing Zhao

IPC分类号： C02F1/50

CPC分类号： C02F1/50 ,  A01N47/44 ,  A01N47/48 ,  C02F2303/20 ,  C02F2305/14 ,  Y10S210/916 ,  A01N25/04 ,  A01N2300/00

摘要： A process has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks.According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or programmed disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter the biocidal aqueous core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the polysaccharide/protein matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water bearing system, resulting in increased heat transfer, increased flux, less deposit of colloidal and particulate solids and dissolved organics on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of the membrane cleaning and ultimate replacement.

摘要翻译： 已经发现了一种通过使用脂质体载体将抗微生物化合物引入复合生物膜基质的效率和有效性的方法，从而消除工业含水系统中的生物污垢，包括管道，热交换器，冷凝器，过滤系统和流体储存罐 。 根据本发明的一个实施方案，将含抗微生物化合物的脂质体加入容易生物结垢和生物膜形成的水体系中。 与微生物膜或细胞组成相似的脂质体容易并入现有的生物膜中。 一旦包含脂质体的抗微生物化合物变得与生物膜基质夹带，就可以进行脂质体的分解或程序分解。 此后，释放杀生物活性的水性核心直接与生物膜包裹的微生物反应。 当生物体死亡时，多糖/蛋白质基质分解，从而导致含水系统的结垢减少，导致增加的热传递，增加的通量，较少的胶体和颗粒固体的沉积以及溶解的有机物在微量过滤表面上 膜，从而降低膜清洗的频率和持续时间并最终更换。

公开(公告)号：US06900648B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-31

申请号：US10636341

申请日：2003-08-06

申请人： Chun-Na Ou ,  Lin Yan ,  Yue Qing Zhao ,  Tai Ping Zhou ,  Ga Lei Hu ,  Hua Dong

发明人： Chun-Na Ou ,  Lin Yan ,  Yue Qing Zhao ,  Tai Ping Zhou ,  Ga Lei Hu ,  Hua Dong

IPC分类号： G01R31/28 ,  G01R11/04 ,  G01R11/50

CPC分类号： G01R31/2806

摘要： A tester includes a base (10) including a top wall (12) and a control panel (18), a cover (30) pivotably attached to the base, a pair of master cylinders (40) connecting the base with the cover, a holding fixture including a lower unit (50) and an upper unit (70), and a first testing unit. A plurality of first positioning members (54) is formed on the lower unit for supporting a printed circuit board assembly including a printed circuit board (PCB) (80). A plurality of pressing post (76) depends from the upper unit for pressing the PCB, and a plurality of support posts (127) is formed on the top wall for extension through the lower unit to support the PCB. The control panel controls the master cylinders to open and close the cover, and controls the first testing unit to adjustably insert in ports of the PCB for test.

摘要翻译： 测试仪包括一个包括顶壁（12）和控制面板（18）的底座（10），一个可枢转地连接在底座上的盖子（30），一对连接底座和盖子的主缸（40） 保持固定装置，包括下部单元（50）和上部单元（70），以及第一测试单元。 多个第一定位构件（54）形成在下部单元上，用于支撑包括印刷电路板（PCB）（80）的印刷电路板组件。 多个按压柱（76）由上部单元取决于按压PCB，并且多个支撑柱（127）形成在顶壁上，用于通过下部单元延伸以支撑PCB。 控制面板控制主缸打开和关闭盖子，并控制第一个测试单元可调节地插入PCB的端口进行测试。

公开(公告)号：US08784659B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-22

申请号：US12892490

申请日：2010-09-28

申请人： Wilson Kurt Whitekettle ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Qing Zhao ,  Linna Wang ,  Dorothy Reynolds ,  Paul Frail ,  Juan Jiang ,  David M. Polizzotti

发明人： Wilson Kurt Whitekettle ,  Gloria Jean Tafel ,  Qing Zhao ,  Linna Wang ,  Dorothy Reynolds ,  Paul Frail ,  Juan Jiang ,  David M. Polizzotti

IPC分类号： C02F1/50

CPC分类号： C02F1/50 ,  A01N47/44 ,  A01N47/48 ,  C02F2303/04 ,  C02F2303/20 ,  C02F2305/04 ,  C02F2305/14 ,  A01N25/04 ,  A01N2300/00

摘要： A process has been found which increases the efficiency and effectiveness of introducing antimicrobial compounds into complex biofilm matrices through the use of liposome carriers, thereby removing the biofouling in industrial water bearing systems, including piping, heat exchanges, condensers, filtration systems and fluid storage tanks. According to one embodiment of the invention, antimicrobial compound containing liposomes are added to water systems prone to biofouling and biofilm formation. The liposomes, being similar in composition to microbial membranes or cells, are readily incorporated into the existing biofilm. Once the antimicrobial compound containing liposomes become entrained with the biofilm matrix, the decomposition or programmed disintegration of the liposome proceeds. Thereafter, the biocidal aqueous core is released to react directly with the biofilm encased microorganisms. Upon the death of the organisms, the polysaccharide/protein matrix decomposes and thereby results in reduced fouling of the water bearing system, resulting in increased heat transfer, increased flux, less deposit of colloidal and particulate solids and dissolved organics on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, thereby reducing the frequency and duration of the membrane cleaning and ultimate replacement.

摘要翻译： 已经发现了一种通过使用脂质体载体将抗微生物化合物引入复合生物膜基质的效率和有效性的方法，从而消除工业含水系统中的生物污垢，包括管道，热交换器，冷凝器，过滤系统和流体储存罐 。 根据本发明的一个实施方案，将含抗微生物化合物的脂质体加入容易生物结垢和生物膜形成的水体系中。 与微生物膜或细胞组成相似的脂质体容易并入现有的生物膜中。 一旦包含脂质体的抗微生物化合物变得与生物膜基质夹带，就可以进行脂质体的分解或程序分解。 此后，释放杀生物的水性核心直接与生物膜包裹的微生物反应。 当生物体死亡时，多糖/蛋白质基质分解，从而导致含水系统的结垢减少，导致增加的热传递，增加的通量，较少的胶体和颗粒固体的沉积以及溶解的有机物在微量过滤表面上 膜，从而降低膜清洗的频率和持续时间并最终更换。

公开(公告)号：US08494097B1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-23

申请号：US13596513

申请日：2012-08-28

申请人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao ,  Hui-Ling Lou

发明人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao ,  Hui-Ling Lou

IPC分类号： H04L27/08 ,  H04L27/28

CPC分类号： H04L27/08 ,  H03G3/3052 ,  H03G3/3078 ,  H04L27/2626

摘要： A system including a variable gain amplifier, an automatic gain control module, and a channel estimation module. The variable gain amplifier amplifies an input signal in accordance with a gain. The input signal includes a plurality of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing symbols. Each of the plurality of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing symbols is preceded by a respective cyclic prefix. The automatic gain control module adjusts, based on a signal strength of the input signal, the gain of the variable gain amplifier during the respective cyclic prefix preceding each of the plurality of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing symbols. The automatic gain control module generates a control signal in response to the gain of the variable gain amplifier being adjusted. The channel estimation module generates a channel estimate for each of the plurality of orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing symbols and updates the channel estimate based on the control signal.

摘要翻译： 一种包括可变增益放大器，自动增益控制模块和信道估计模块的系统。 可变增益放大器根据增益来放大输入信号。 输入信号包括多个正交频域复用符号。 多个正交频域复用符号中的每一个前面都有相应的循环前缀。 所述自动增益控制模块基于所述输入信号的信号强度，在所述多个正交频域复用符号之前的各个循环前缀期间，调整所述可变增益放大器的增益。 自动增益控制模块响应于可调增益放大器的增益而产生控制信号。 信道估计模块为多个正交频域多路复用符号中的每一个生成信道估计，并且基于控制信号来更新信道估计。

公开(公告)号：US08045636B1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-25

申请号：US12057221

申请日：2008-03-27

申请人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao ,  Jihwan P. Choi

发明人： Jungwon Lee ,  Qing Zhao ,  Jihwan P. Choi

IPC分类号： H04L5/12 ,  H04L23/02

CPC分类号： H04L27/2656 ,  H04L5/0048 ,  H04L27/2613 ,  H04L27/2675

摘要： Autocorrelation algorithms are employed in systems and methods to detect preamble symbols for frame synchronization in WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) or OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) systems. An ML (“Maximum Likelihood”) estimator estimates segment index and frame timing information for an ideal signal scenario. When using the ML estimator, a received time domain signal is sampled. Groups of samples are formed, and the group is further divided into a plurality of portions. Then, an autocorrelation between time domain samples of each portion results in a maximum value which indicates the start of a preamble of the time domain signal. Frame synchronization can then be performed. In other transmission scenarios, the algorithm is modified to use modified estimators of the preamble symbol location. When using the modified estimators, less than all of the portions of samples are compared to one another to find a maximum value.

摘要翻译： 在WiMAX（全球微波接入互操作性）或OFDMA（正交频分多址）系统中用于检测用于帧同步的前同码符的系统和方法中采用自相关算法。 ML（“最大似然”）估计器估计理想信号场景的片段索引和帧定时信息。 当使用ML估计器时，对接收到的时域信号进行采样。 形成一组样品，并将该组进一步分成多个部分。 然后，每个部分的时域样本之间的自相关产生指示时域信号的前导码开始的最大值。 然后可以执行帧同步。 在其他传输场景中，修改算法以使用前导符号位置的修改估计器。 当使用修改后的估计量时，将少于样本的全部部分相互比较以找到最大值。

公开(公告)号：US07995666B1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-09

申请号：US12899928

申请日：2010-10-07

申请人： Qing Zhao ,  Jungwon Lee ,  Leilei Song ,  Songping Wu ,  Hui-Ling Lou

发明人： Qing Zhao ,  Jungwon Lee ,  Leilei Song ,  Songping Wu ,  Hui-Ling Lou

IPC分类号： H04K1/10 ,  H04L27/28

CPC分类号： H04L27/2656 ,  H04L27/2676

摘要： In a method for synchronizing a receiver to a synchronous signal, in a signal having been processed based on an automatic gain control (AGC) with a varying gain, a symbol is detected. An estimated beginning of a subsequent frame is determined based on the detected symbol. A gain of the AGC is fixed for a period during which the estimated start of the subsequent frame is processed by the AGC. A transform of the signal is analyzed to determine if the estimated start of the subsequent frame corresponds to an actual start of the subsequent frame. If the estimated start of the subsequent frame does not corresponds to the actual start of the subsequent frame, the gain of the AGC is allowed to resume varying and, a further symbol in the signal is detected, the signal having been processed based on the varying gain of the AGC.

摘要翻译： 在用于将接收机同步到同步信号的方法中，在基于具有变化增益的自动增益控制（AGC）处理的信号中，检测到符号。 基于检测到的符号确定后续帧的估计开始。 AGC的增益在AGC期间处理后续帧的估计开始的期间是固定的。 分析信号的变换以确定后续帧的估计开始是否对应于后续帧的实际开始。 如果后续帧的估计开始不对应于后续帧的实际开始，则允许AGC的增益恢复变化，并且检测到信号中的另外的符号，该信号已经根据变化 增益AGC。