公开(公告)号：US20100024698A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US12182656

申请日：2008-07-30

申请人： Rafic Minkara ,  N. Stan Harding

发明人： Rafic Minkara ,  N. Stan Harding

IPC分类号： F23D1/00 ,  F23B50/10 ,  F23N3/00 ,  F23K1/00

CPC分类号： F23K1/00 ,  F23K2900/01001

摘要： An initial coal feedstock comprised of primary or second coal is cleaned so as to reduce its ash content by at least about 20% in order to yield a refined coal product that produces fewer NOx emissions. The reduced NOx emissions result primarily from the ability to use less primary combustion air in order to maintain the pulverized refined coal in a suspended condition within the feeder pipes of a coal burner compared to the minimum quantity of air required to maintain pulverized coal from the initial coal feedstock in a suspended condition within the feeder pipes. Reducing the primary combustion air reduces the amount of oxygen in the primary combustion zone that would otherwise be available for converting fuel nitrogen into NOx. Instead, more of the fuel nitrogen is converted into N2. Reducing the primary combustion air also reduces the temperature of the core flame, reducing thermal NOx formation. Increasing the amount of secondary and/or tertiary combustion air to compensate for the reduced primary combustion air results in an overall decrease in NOx formation, as thermal NOx formation is reduced as combustion is completed in the cooler secondary and/or tertiary combustion zones.

摘要翻译： 清洁由初级或第二级煤组成的初始煤原料，以便将其灰分含量降低至少约20％，以产生产生较少NOx排放的精制煤制品。 减少的NOx排放主要是由于使用较少的初级燃烧空气的能力，以便将煤粉燃烧器的进料管中的粉碎的精制煤保持在悬浮状态，与从初始状态维持粉煤所需的最小空气量相比较 进料管内处于悬浮状态的煤原料​​。 减少初级燃烧空气减少主要燃烧区中的氧气量，否则其将可用于将燃料氮转化成NOx。 相反，更多的燃料氮转化成N2。 减少初级燃烧空气还降低了核心火焰的温度，从而减少了NOx的形成。 随着燃烧在较冷的次级和/或三级燃烧区域中完成，增加二次和/或三次燃烧空气的量以补偿减少的初级燃烧空气导致NOx形成的总体降低。

公开(公告)号：US20080089821A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-17

申请号：US11662035

申请日：2005-09-06

申请人： Rafic Minkara

发明人： Rafic Minkara

IPC分类号： B01D53/56

CPC分类号： B01D53/8625 ,  B01D53/56 ,  B01D53/58 ,  B01D53/79 ,  B01D2251/10 ,  B01D2251/108 ,  B01D2257/406

摘要： A process is described that removes by chemical oxidation the excess ammonia (NH3) gas from flue gases that have been subjected to selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by ammonia injection. Methods for the removal of residual ammonia from flue gases prior to fouling air pre-heaters or deposition on fly ash are discussed.

摘要翻译： 描述了一种方法，其通过化学氧化除去已经进行选择性催化还原（SCR）和选择性非催化还原（SNCR）的烟道气中的过量氨（NH 3） 通过氨注入氮（NOx）。 讨论了在污染空气预热器或飞灰沉积之前从烟道气中除去残余氨的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20130025514A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-31

申请号：US13632684

申请日：2012-10-01

申请人： Rafic Minkara ,  N. Stan Harding

发明人： Rafic Minkara ,  N. Stan Harding

IPC分类号： F23K3/02 ,  F23L9/00 ,  F23D1/00

CPC分类号： F23K1/00 ,  F23K2900/01001

摘要： An initial coal is cleaned to reduce ash content by ≧20% and yield refined coal that optimizes combustion air flow through a coal burner. This permits conveyance of pulverized refined coal in suspended condition through feeder pipes of the coal burner using reduced air flow compared to the quantity of air required to convey pulverized initial coal in suspended condition through the feeder pipes. This reduces oxygen in the primary combustion zone, lowering conversion of fuel nitrogen into NOx and instead converting it into N2 using the refined coal product. Reduced primary combustion air also reduces core flame temperature, reducing thermal NOx formation using the refined coal product. Increasing secondary and/or tertiary combustion air compensates for reduced primary combustion air and result in overall decrease in NOx formation (e.g., thermal NOx formation is reduced when combustion completed in cooler secondary and/or tertiary combustion zones).

摘要翻译： 清洁初始煤以将灰分含量降低≥20％，并产生优化通过煤燃烧器的燃烧空气流动的精炼煤。 这允许通过煤燃烧器的进料管将悬浮状态的粉碎的精炼煤与通过进料管输送悬浮状态下的粉煤初始煤所需的空气量相比减少了空气流量。 这减少了主燃烧区中的氧气，降低了燃料氮转化为NOx的转化率，并将其转化成了使用精炼煤产品的N2。 减少的初级燃烧空气还降低核心火焰温度，减少使用精制煤产品的热NOx形成。 增加的二次和/或三次燃烧空气补偿减少的初级燃烧空气并导致NOx形成的总体减少（例如，当在更冷的次级和/或三级燃烧区中燃烧完成时，减少热NOx形成）。

公开(公告)号：US20120024194A1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-02

申请号：US13194116

申请日：2011-07-29

申请人： Rafic Minkara

发明人： Rafic Minkara

IPC分类号： C04B14/00 ,  B01D53/64 ,  B01D53/46 ,  B01D53/76

CPC分类号： B01D53/64 ,  B01D53/10 ,  B01D2251/404 ,  B01D2251/602 ,  B01D2251/606 ,  B01D2251/608 ,  B01D2253/104 ,  B01D2253/1124 ,  B01D2255/20738 ,  B01D2257/55 ,  B01D2257/60 ,  C04B18/08 ,  F23J7/00 ,  F23J15/003 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B20/02

摘要： Methods, processes, and systems for reducing the solubility of toxic constituents found in coal combustion residues are provided. In one embodiment, methods for adding chemical reagents to the coal combustion process that changes the chemical composition of the coal combustion residues and convert the form of a toxic constituents to one with lower aqueous solubility is provided. In some embodiments compounds containing toxic constituents are converted to compounds that are less soluble in aqueous solvents. In various embodiments, the chemical reactions are aided by the ambient heat at various zones within the coal combustion system. In some embodiments, precursor reagents are added to the coal combustion system and converted to reagents to aid in interacting with toxic constituents or compounds. In various embodiments, the reagent or reagent precursor is added before, during, or after the coal combustion zone. These methods can aid in rendering coal combustion products less hazardous when the products are recycled, stored, or disposed.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于降低煤燃烧残渣中发现的有毒成分的溶解度的方法，方法和系统。 在一个实施方案中，提供了用于向煤燃烧过程添加化学试剂以改变煤燃烧残余物的化学组成并将有毒成分的形式转化为具有较低水溶解度的化学试剂的方法。 在一些实施方案中，含有毒性成分的化合物被转化为在水性溶剂中较不溶解的化合物。 在各种实施方案中，化学反应由煤燃烧系统内的各个区域的环境热辅助。 在一些实施方案中，将前体试剂加入到煤燃烧系统中并转化成试剂以有助于与有毒成分或化合物的相互作用。 在各种实施方案中，试剂或试剂前体在煤燃烧区之前，期间或之后加入。 当产品被回收，储存或处置时，这些方法可以帮助使燃煤产品的危险性降低。

公开(公告)号：US20080076955A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-27

申请号：US11662034

申请日：2005-09-07

申请人： Rafic Minkara ,  Thomas Graham ,  Robert Nelson

发明人： Rafic Minkara ,  Thomas Graham ,  Robert Nelson

IPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  A62D3/00 ,  C04B20/02 ,  B01D53/58

CPC分类号： C04B18/08 ,  C04B20/023 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  C04B2103/0095

摘要： A method and system for treating fly ash by addition of a chemical reagent during fly ash transfer operations. The method includes discharging fly ash from a fly ash storage silo and metering the mass flow rate of the fly ash being discharged with a mass flow metering device. The method also includes generating a signal from the mass flow metering device corresponding to the mass flow rate of the fly ash and adding a chemical reagent to the fly ash at a selected chemical reagent addition rate with a chemical feeding device, wherein the chemical reagent addition rate is selected based upon the mass flow rate of fly ash removal. The method also includes blending the chemical reagent with the fly ash to treat the fly ash and transferring the treated fly ash to a work or disposal location.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在飞灰转移操作期间加入化学试剂来处理飞灰的方法和系统。 该方法包括从飞灰储存仓中排放飞灰并计量用质量流量计量装置排出的飞灰的质量流量。 该方法还包括从质量流量计量装置产生对应于飞灰的质量流量的信号，并且以化学试剂添加速率与化学物质进料装置一起向飞灰添加化学试剂，其中化学试剂添加 基于除尘飞灰的质量流量选择速率。 该方法还包括将化学试剂与飞灰混合以处理飞灰并将处理的飞灰转移到工作或处置位置。