Spectroscopic apparatus and methods
    1.
    发明授权
    Spectroscopic apparatus and methods 失效
    光谱仪和方法

    公开(公告)号:US5689333A

    公开(公告)日:1997-11-18

    申请号:US438270

    申请日:1995-05-10

    摘要: A sample placed under a microscope is illuminated by light from a laser beam. Raman scattered light is passed back via a dichroic filter to various optical components which analyse the Raman spectrum, and thence to a CCD detector. The optical components for analysing the Raman spectrum include tunable dielectric filters in a filter wheel; a Fabry-Perot etalon; and a diffraction grating. These various components may be swapped into the optical path as desired, for example using movable mirrors, enabling the apparatus to be used very flexibly for a variety of different analysis procedures. Various novel analysis methods are also described.

    摘要翻译: 置于显微镜下的样品由来自激光束的光照射。 拉曼散射光通过二向色滤光器返回到分析拉曼光谱的各种光学部件,然后到CCD检测器。 用于分析拉曼光谱的光学部件包括滤光轮中的可调介质滤光器; 法布里 - 珀罗标准具; 和衍射光栅。 这些各种组件可以根据需要被交换到光路中,例如使用可移动反射镜,使得能够非常灵活地使用该设备用于各种不同的分析过程。 还描述了各种新颖的分析方法。

    Optical apparatus for use with inteferometric measuring devices
    2.
    发明授权
    Optical apparatus for use with inteferometric measuring devices 失效
    用于测量设备的光学设备

    公开(公告)号:US5056921A

    公开(公告)日:1991-10-15

    申请号:US382658

    申请日:1989-08-04

    申请人: Raymond J. Chaney

    发明人: Raymond J. Chaney

    摘要: A laser inteferometer system is disclosed which is able to make measurements of any deviations in the movement of a machine component which is moving along a main movement axis. The system can measure roll, pitch, yaw, straightness, and parallelism of two tracks using a single laser beam. FIG. 1 shows an arrangement for measuring roll of a vertical machine column (2) during movement of the column along the x-axis of a machine. A straight mirror (6) is positioned on the machine bed with its longitudinal axis aligned with the x-axis, and its reflecting surface normal to the x-axis. An optical component including a polarizing beam splitter is mounted for movement with the machine column and generates from a laser beam (A), a measuring beam (B1) and a reference beam (B2) both directed at the mirror, but laterally separated in the direction of the Z axis. The reflected beams from the mirror are re-combined in the optical device to form a return beam (C) directed towwards a detector adjacent the laser (9). Any change in relative length of the beams (B1) and (B2) give a meausre of roll. Yaw can be measured by producing beams (B1) and (B2) laterally separated in the direction of movement, i.e. along the x-axis. Straightness is measure using a fixed length reference arm within the optical device. Parallelism is meausured by taking straightness measurements of both pillars (2) and (2a). Pitch can be measured by producing four beams.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB88 / 01137 Sec。 371日期1989年8月4日 102(e)日期1989年8月4日PCT提交1988年12月20日PCT公布。 出版物WO89 / 05955 日期:1989年6月29日。公开了一种能够测量沿着主运动轴线移动的机器部件的运动中的任何偏差的激光干涉仪系统。 该系统可以使用单个激光束测量两个轨道的滚动,俯仰,偏航,平直度和平行度。 图。 图1示出了在沿着机器的x轴的列移动期间测量垂直机床(2)的辊的布置。 直立镜(6)位于机床上,其纵轴与x轴对齐,其反射面垂直于x轴。 安装包括偏振分束器的光学部件与机器列一起移动,并从激光束(A),测量光束(B1)和参考光束(B2)产生,两者都指向反射镜,但在 Z轴方向。 来自反射镜的反射光束被重新组合在光学装置中,以形成一个指向与激光(9)相邻的探测器的返回光束(C)。 梁(B1)和(B2)的相对长度的任何变化给出了滚动的最小值。 可以通过在运动方向,即沿x轴横向分离的梁(B1)和(B2)来测量偏航。 直线度是使用光学装置内的固定长度的参考臂进行的。 通过对两支柱(2)和(2a)进行直线度测量来确定平行度。 可以通过产生四个梁来测量间距。

    Scales for position determining apparatus having marks of different
amplitudes thereon
    3.
    发明授权
    Scales for position determining apparatus having marks of different amplitudes thereon 失效
    用于具有不同幅度的标记的位置确定装置的刻度

    公开(公告)号:US5004982A

    公开(公告)日:1991-04-02

    申请号:US555792

    申请日:1990-07-23

    摘要: A scale is fixed to one part of a position determining apparatus, and a read head is relatively movable on the other part of the apparatus. Incremental scale marks are regularly spaced along the scale and are counted in a counter to give an indication of relative position of the scale and read head. The marks may for example be recorded magnetically. Some scales are distinguishable from the other, e.g., by having different amplitudes. Positioning information can then be encoded in a binary word. This can either be absolute position values, or error correction information.

    摘要翻译: 刻度固定到位置确定装置的一部分,并且读取头在装置的另一部分上相对移动。 增量刻度沿着刻度规则间隔开,并在计数器中计数,以给出刻度尺和读取头的相对位置的指示。 标记可以例如磁性地记录。 一些鳞片可以与另一种鳞片区分开,例如通过具有不同的幅度。 然后可以用二进制字编码定位信息。 这可以是绝对位置值或错误校正信息。

    Optical detection system with means for equalizing ambient light levels
at multiple detectors
    4.
    发明授权
    Optical detection system with means for equalizing ambient light levels at multiple detectors 失效
    光学检测系统,具有用于在多个检测器处均衡环境光线水平的装置

    公开(公告)号:US4996416A

    公开(公告)日:1991-02-26

    申请号:US340420

    申请日:1989-03-24

    申请人: Raymond J. Chaney

    发明人: Raymond J. Chaney

    摘要: In an optical detection system a plurality of photodiode detectors are placed in an enclosure. The enclosure has an aperature through which is directed a light beam to be analyzed. To eliminate the effect which ambient light entering the aperture would have on the detector signals, each of the detectors are arranged to be at equal distances from the aperture so that they all have the same acceptance cone angle for the light entering the aperture. Thus the ratio of signal to ambient light in the portion of the light beam reaching each detector is the same and the d.c. component of the signal produced by the detector can be easily removed in the signal conditioning electronics. The equal spacing of the detectors from the aperture is achieved in accordance with the invention by using beam splitters in the path of the beam to deflect portions of the beam to detectors which are offset from the base axis.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB88 / 00628 Sec。 371日期:1989年3月24日 102(e)日期1989年3月24日PCT Filed 1988年7月29日PCT公布。 第WO89 / 01612号公报 日期:1989年2月23日。在光学检测系统中,多个光电二极管检测器被放置在外壳中。 外壳具有一个温度,通过该温度定向待分析的光束。 为了消除进入孔径的环境光对检测器信号的影响,每个检测器布置成与孔径相等的距离,使得它们对于进入孔的光具有相同的接受锥角。 因此,到达每个检测器的光束的部分中的信号与环境光的比率是相同的,并且d.c. 可以在信号调理电子设备中容易地去除由检测器产生的信号的分量。 根据本发明,通过在光束的路径中使用分束器将光束的部分偏转到从基轴偏移的检测器,从而实现了与孔径相等的检测器间隔。

    Laser interferometer for measuring distance using a frequency difference
between two laser beams
    5.
    发明授权
    Laser interferometer for measuring distance using a frequency difference between two laser beams 失效
    用于使用两个激光束之间的频率差测量距离的激光干涉仪

    公开(公告)号:US5274436A

    公开(公告)日:1993-12-28

    申请号:US614159

    申请日:1990-11-16

    申请人: Raymond J. Chaney

    发明人: Raymond J. Chaney

    IPC分类号: G01B9/02

    摘要: A laser interferometer uses an acousto-optically modulated laser (100) to produce a pair of orthogonally polarized frequency-shifted beams. The beams are passed down a monomode, polarization preserving optical fiber (110) in order to transmit the beams to a cavity (148). The beams are separated at polarizing beam splitter (128) and directed down measuring arm (130) and reference arm (132) of an interferometer. The beat frequency between the reflected beams is detected at photo-detector (146) which outputs a measuring signal (152). This beat frequency is compared to the beat frequency of the beams before entering the interferometer, which is derived by providing a semisilvered mirror (114) and interfering polaroid (116) in the path of the beams up-beam of the interferometer to produce a reference signal (126). The measuring and reference signals are compared to determine the movement of the measuring arm of the interferometer. This method of determining the reference signal makes the apparatus less susceptible to temperature changes.

    Method and apparatus for measurement of angular displacement
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for measurement of angular displacement 失效
    用于测量角度位移的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US5237390A

    公开(公告)日:1993-08-17

    申请号:US820695

    申请日:1992-01-27

    申请人: Raymond J. Chaney

    发明人: Raymond J. Chaney

    IPC分类号: G01B11/26 G01D18/00

    CPC分类号: G01D18/00

    摘要: A rotable object table which has a stator (112) a rotor (114), and positioning servo and measuring system (16). The system (16) is calibrated using an angular interferometer and an intermediate table having stator 122 and rotor 124. Values of angular displacement of stator 124 are determined by the interferometer by solving 3 orthogonal simultaneous equations derived from the equation R+R.sub.o =K sin (.THETA.-.THETA..sub.o), and are compared with corresponding angular displacement as determined by the system (16).

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB91 / 00968 Sec。 371日期:1992年1月27日 102(e)日期1992年1月27日PCT Filed 1991年6月17日PCT Pub。 公开号WO91 / 19958 日期:1991年12月26日。一种具有定子(112),转子(114)和定位伺服和测量系统(16)的可旋转物体台。 使用角度干涉仪和具有定子122和转子124的中间台来校准系统(16)。定子124的角位移值由干涉仪确定,通过求解从等式R + Ro = K sin (THETA-THETA o),并且与由系统(16)确定的相应的角位移进行比较。

    Straightness interferometer system
    7.
    发明授权
    Straightness interferometer system 失效
    直线型干涉仪系统

    公开(公告)号:US5026163A

    公开(公告)日:1991-06-25

    申请号:US347047

    申请日:1989-04-20

    摘要: The invention relates to a straightness interferometer system, for measuring transverse deviations in the relative movement of machine parts. The preferred embodiment comprises a laser (30) which directs a single frequency laser beam, polarized in two orthogonal modes, along a principal axis P onto a beam splitter (24) which splits the beam into its two modes to provide two secondary beams (26,28). One of the secondary beams (26) is undeviated from the principal axis, the other (28) is deviated through a small angle. A roof-top reflector-prism combination (30/40) is positioned in the paths of both secondary beams in a plane normal to the principal axis, the prism being arranged to deflect the deviated beam into a direction parallel to the principal axis so that both beams are reflected back to the beam splitter where they re-combine to form a combined beam. The combined beam is passed to a detector sytem (38) for detecting interference fringes reproduced from the combined beam caused by relative change in the path lengths of the two secondary beams as the reflector undergoes movements transverse to the principal axis. Three types of beam splitter are specificaly disclosed, two of which show a further preferred feature of displacing one of the beams transversely to solve the dead path problem of a prior art system. A variety of combinations of the varous elements of the preferred system are discussed but not all are illustrated.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB88 / 00693 Sec。 371日期:1989年4月20日 102(e)日期1989年4月20日PCT PCT 1988年8月24日PCT公布。 第WO89 / 02059号公报 日期:1989年3月9日。本发明涉及一种用于测量机器部件相对运动的横向偏差的直线性干涉仪系统。 优选实施例包括激光器(30),其将沿着主轴线P以两个正交模式偏振的单个频率激光束引导到分束器(24)上,分束器(24)将光束分成其两个模式以提供两个次级光束(26 ,28)。 副梁(26)中的一个从主轴未脱离,另一个(28)偏转小角度。 屋顶反射器 - 棱镜组合(30/40)位于垂直于主轴的平面中的两个次级光束的路径中,棱镜被布置成将偏斜的光束偏转到与主轴平行的方向,使得 两个光束被反射回到分束器,在那里它们重新组合以形成组合光束。 组合的光束被传递到检测器系统(38),用于检测当由于反射器横向于主轴线的运动时,由两个次级光束的路径长度的相对变化引起的从组合光束再现的干涉条纹。 具体公开了三种类型的分束器,其中两个示出了横向移位梁中的一个的另一个优选特征,以解决现有技术系统的死路径问题。 讨论了优选系统的气质元件的各种组合,但并不全部示出。

    Frequency stabilized semiconductor laser
    8.
    发明授权
    Frequency stabilized semiconductor laser 失效
    频率稳定的半导体激光器

    公开(公告)号:US06345060B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-02-05

    申请号:US09254709

    申请日:1999-05-05

    IPC分类号: H01S313

    CPC分类号: H01S5/0687 H01S3/13 H01S3/139

    摘要: The output frequency of a semiconductor laser beam is stabilized using a grating or another optical device which has an interaction with the beam whose parameters are sensitive to the beam frequency. The grating (130) generates positive and negative first order diffracted beams (132, 134), whose angle of diffraction is sensitive to the beam frequency, and is detected by split photodetectors AB, CD respectively. In the event of a change in beam frequency the outputs from the photodetectors AB, CD will vary to provide an error signal for the laser frequency. This error signal is insensitive to variations in angular alignment between the beam and the diffraction grating. This is because variations in frequency and variations in angular alignment cause different changes in the outputs of the photodetectors AB, CD.

    摘要翻译: 半导体激光束的输出频率使用与参数对光束频率敏感的光束相互作用的光栅或另一光学装置来稳定。 光栅(130)产生衍射角对光束频率敏感的正负一阶衍射光束(132,134),分别由分裂光电检测器AB,CD检测。 在光束频率发生变化的情况下,来自光电检测器AB,CD的输出将变化以提供用于激光频率的误差信号。 该误差信号对光束和衍射光栅之间的角度对准的变化不敏感。 这是因为频率的变化和角度对准的变化引起光电探测器AB,CD的输出的不同变化。

    Apparatus for calibration of an angular displacement
    9.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for calibration of an angular displacement 失效
    用于校准角位移的装置

    公开(公告)号:US5341702A

    公开(公告)日:1994-08-30

    申请号:US39188

    申请日:1993-04-13

    摘要: A system for calibrating a rotary table (10) includes an indexing table (20) (which is a Hirth coupling table) and an angular interferometer (100), together with a control (200). The indexing table is mechanically coupled to the rotary table (this being the only connection between the rotary table to be calibrated and the calibration system), and the interferometer is set up to measure rotation of the indexing table. During rotation of the rotary table (10) to a target angle, the control (200) monitors the interferometer reading, and when this reading exceeds a predetermined threshold, actuates a drive motor (240) of the table (20) to counter rotate the table, thereby to maintain the optics (106) of the interferometer in alignment with the laser beams (L2, L3) and thus enable continuous measurement of the position of the indexing table.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB92 / 01653 Sec。 371日期:1993年4月13日 102(e)日期1993年4月13日PCT提交1992年9月10日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 05360 日期:1993年3月18日。用于校准旋转工作台(10)的系统与控制装置(200)一起包括分度台(20)(其是Hirth耦合台)和角度干涉仪(100)。 分度台机械耦合到旋转台(这是待校准的旋转台和校准系统之间的唯一连接),并且设置干涉仪以测量分度台的旋转。 在旋转台(10)旋转到目标角度期间,控制器(200)监测干涉仪读数,并且当该读数超过预定阈值时,致动工作台(20)的驱动马达(240)以使 从而将干涉仪的光学元件(106)保持与激光束(L2,L3)对准,从而能够连续测量分度台的位置。

    Detector for explosive substances
    10.
    发明授权
    Detector for explosive substances 失效
    爆炸物质检测仪

    公开(公告)号:US5818047A

    公开(公告)日:1998-10-06

    申请号:US793196

    申请日:1997-02-20

    IPC分类号: G01N21/65 G08B21/00 G01N33/22

    CPC分类号: G01N21/65 G01N21/658

    摘要: The presence of Semtex plastic explosive in a sample such as a fingerprint is detected by Raman spectroscopy. RDX and PETN, the active chemical ingredients of Semtex, have strong Raman peaks at 885 cm.sup.-1 and 874 cm.sup.-1 respectively. Consequently, both these peaks can be detected in a Raman spectroscopic system by employing a filter having a narrow passband centered on 880 cm.sup.-1 and with a bandwidth of 20 cm.sup.-1. Such a filter is used in a Raman system used to scan airport boarding cards, or in a Raman microscope which produces images of fingerprints.

    摘要翻译: PCT No.PCT / GB95 / 01979 Sec。 371日期1997年2月20日 102(e)1997年2月20日PCT PCT 1995年8月21日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 06346 日期1996年2月29日拉曼光谱法检测样品如指纹中的Semtex塑料炸药的存在。 RDX和PETN是Semtex的活性化学成分,分别在885 cm-1和874 cm-1处具有强拉曼峰。 因此,通过采用具有以880cm -1为中心且带宽为20cm -1的窄通带的滤波器,可以在拉曼光谱系统中检测这两个峰。 这种过滤器用于用于扫描机场登机卡的拉曼系统中,或在产生指纹图像的拉曼显微镜中。