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公开(公告)号：US20100039208A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12354469
申请日：2009-01-15
IPC分类号： H01H37/02
CPC分类号： F28F13/16 , F28F2013/008
摘要： In accordance with the invention, there are thermal switches, method of operating thermal switches and methods of forming thermal switches. A thermal switch can include a thin layer of liquid crystal disposed between a first surface of a first insulating substrate and a second surface of a second insulating substrate, wherein the liquid crystals are aligned at one or more of the first surface and the second surface due to surface preparation.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，存在热开关，操作热开关的方法和形成热开关的方法。 热开关可以包括设置在第一绝缘基板的第一表面和第二绝缘基板的第二表面之间的液晶薄层，其中液晶在第一表面和第二表面的一个或多个处被排列，因为 进行表面处理。
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公开(公告)号：US6041610A
公开(公告)日：2000-03-28
申请号：US289419
申请日：1999-04-09
CPC分类号： F25B23/003 , F25B23/00 , G02B7/1815 , H01S3/0007 , H01S3/04 , H01S3/0408
摘要： Optical refrigerator using reflectivity-tuned dielectric mirrors. Selected working materials can be optically pumped using monochromatic radiation such that the resulting fluorescence has an average photon energy higher than that of the pumping radiation; that is, net anti-Stokes fluorescence. If the quantum efficiency is sufficiently high, the working material will cool and optical refrigeration can be achieved. Parallel mirrored faces are employed to increase the optical path of the incident pumping radiation within the working material by multiple reflections. Reflectivity-tuned dielectric mirrors which allow higher-energy fluorescence photons to readily escape from the working material while inhibiting the escape of the lower-energy photons which are consequently partially trapped in the working material and ultimately reabsorbed and refluoresced at higher energies are employed. This increases the optical refrigerator efficiency. An efficient geometry for the cooling material is a disk having a large diameter and a small height, since the fluorescence can predominantly escape through the tuned mirror on one end face of the working material. An alternative cooling element could be approximately cubic with tuned mirrors on the sides as well as on one end. In another embodiment of the invention, photocells are used to convert escaping fluorescence energy into electricity, thereby reducing the power requirements of the optical refrigerator and reducing the amount of waste that must be removed from the vicinity of the working material.
摘要翻译： 使用反射率调谐电介质镜的光学冰箱。 所选择的工作材料可以使用单色辐射进行光泵浦，使得所得荧光的平均光子能量高于泵浦辐射的平均光子能量; 那就是净反斯托克斯荧光。 如果量子效率足够高，则工作材料将冷却并且可以实现光学制冷。 采用平行镜面以通过多次反射来增加工作材料内的入射泵浦辐射的光路。 反射率调谐的电介质反射镜允许更高能量的荧光光子容易地从工作材料逸出，同时抑制低能量光子的逸出，因此部分地被捕获在工作材料中并且最终在较高能量下被再吸收和反射。 这提高了光学冰箱的效率。 用于冷却材料的有效几何形状是具有大直径和小高度的盘，因为荧光可以主要通过工作材料的一个端面上的调谐反射镜逃逸。 替代的冷却元件可以是近似立方体，在侧面以及一端具有调整的反射镜。 在本发明的另一个实施例中，光电池用于将荧光能量转换成电能，从而降低光学冰箱的功率需求并减少必须从工作材料附近去除的废物量。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09362712B1
公开(公告)日：2016-06-07
申请号：US14812350
申请日：2015-07-29
CPC分类号： H01S3/04 , H01S3/0401 , H01S3/0408 , H01S3/13 , H01S3/1304 , H01S3/1305 , H01S3/1317 , H01S3/137 , H01S3/1392 , H01S3/1618 , H01S3/1653
摘要： Provided is a method and system for stabilizing a property of a first laser beam from a first laser in a vibration-free and cryogen free-manner. The method can include optically cooling a ytterbium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Yb:YLF) crystal using a second laser beam; coupling the crystal to a thermal coupling, wherein the thermal coupling is further coupled to a reference cavity to maintain a temperate of the reference cavity; directing a portion of the first laser beam through the reference cavity onto a photodetector to measure the property of the first laser beam; and stabilizing the first laser beam using a feedback control mechanism using the photodetector.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于以无振动和无冷冻的方式稳定来自第一激光器的第一激光束的性质的方法和系统。 该方法可以包括使用第二激光束光学冷却掺杂镱的钇氟化锂（Yb：YLF）晶体; 将所述晶体耦合到热耦合，其中所述热耦合进一步耦合到参考腔以保持所述参考腔的温度; 将第一激光束的一部分引导通过参考腔到光电检测器上以测量第一激光束的性质; 以及使用所述光电检测器的反馈控制机构稳定所述第一激光束。
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公开(公告)号：US5447032A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-05
申请号：US230182
申请日：1994-04-19
CPC分类号： F25B23/003 , H01S3/0408
摘要： Fluorescent refrigeration is based on selective radiative pumping, using substantially monochromatic radiation, of quantum excitations which are then endothermically redistributed to higher energies. Ultimately, the populated energy levels radiatively deexcite emitting, on the average, more radiant energy than was initially absorbed. The material utilized to accomplish the cooling must have dimensions such that the exciting radiation is strongly absorbed, but the fluorescence may exit the material through a significantly smaller optical pathlength. Optical fibers and mirrored glasses and crystals provide this requirement.
摘要翻译： 荧光制冷基于使用基本上单色辐射的量子激发的选择性辐射泵浦，然后将其吸热再分配到更高的能量。 最终，人口上的能量水平辐射地脱离了平均比最初吸收更多的辐射能量。 用于完成冷却的材料必须具有使得激发辐射被强烈吸收的尺寸，但是荧光可以通过明显更小的光程长度离开材料。 光纤和镜面玻璃和晶体提供了这一要求。
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5.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100037624A1
公开(公告)日：2010-02-18
申请号：US12354436
申请日：2009-01-15
CPC分类号： H01L37/02 , F25B21/00 , F25B2321/001 , Y02B30/66 , Y10T29/49359
摘要： In accordance with the invention, there are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first reservoir at a first temperature and a second reservoir at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The device can also include a plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir and one or more active layers disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, such that each of the one or more active layers is sandwiched between two liquid crystal thermal switches. The device can further include one or more power supplies to apply voltage to the plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches and the one or more the active layers.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，有电热装置，热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括在第一温度下的第一储存器和在第二温度下的第二储存器，其中第二温度高于第一温度。 该装置还可以包括设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的多个液晶热开关和设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的一个或多个有源层，使得一个或多个有源层中的每一个夹在 两个液晶热开关。 该装置还可以包括一个或多个电源以向多个液晶热开关和一个或多个有源层施加电压。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100175392A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-15
申请号：US12557988
申请日：2009-09-11
CPC分类号： F25B21/00 , F25B2321/001 , H01L37/02 , Y02B30/66
摘要： Provided are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first single-layer heat engine having a first side configured to be in contact with a first reservoir and a second side configured to be in contact with a second reservoir, wherein the first reservoir comprises a fluid. The device can also include a second single-layer heat engine having a first side in contact with the first reservoir and a second side in contact with a third reservoir and a channel disposed between the first single-layer heat engine and the second single-layer heat engine, the channel configured to transport the fluid from a first end to a second end. The device can further include one or more power supplies configured to apply voltages to the first and the second single-layer heat engine.
摘要翻译： 提供了电热装置，热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括第一单层热机，其具有构造成与第一储存器接触的第一侧和被配置为与第二储存器接触的第二侧 ，其中所述第一储存器包括流体。 该装置还可以包括具有与第一储存器接触的第一侧的第二单层热机和与第三储存器接触的第二侧和设置在第一单层热机和第二单层热机之间的通道 热引擎，通道构造成将流体从第一端输送到第二端。 该装置还可以包括被配置为向第一和第二单层热机施加电压的一个或多个电源。
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公开(公告)号：US20130074900A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-28
申请号：US13665907
申请日：2012-10-31
申请人： Richard I EPSTEIN , Kevin J. MALLOY
发明人： Richard I EPSTEIN , Kevin J. MALLOY
CPC分类号： H01L37/02 , F25B21/00 , F25B2321/001 , Y02B30/66 , Y10T29/49359
摘要： In accordance with the invention, there are electrocaloric devices, pyroelectric devices and methods of forming them. A device which can be a pyroelectric energy generator or an electrocaloric cooling device, can include a first reservoir at a first temperature and a second reservoir at a second temperature, wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature. The device can also include a plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir and one or more active layers disposed between the first reservoir and the second reservoir, such that each of the one or more active layers is sandwiched between two liquid crystal thermal switches. The device can further include one or more power supplies to apply voltage to the plurality of liquid crystal thermal switches and the one or more the active layers.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明，有电热装置，热电装置和形成它们的方法。 可以是热电能发生器或电热冷却装置的装置可以包括在第一温度下的第一储存器和在第二温度下的第二储存器，其中第二温度高于第一温度。 该装置还可以包括设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的多个液晶热开关和设置在第一储存器和第二储存器之间的一个或多个有源层，使得一个或多个有源层中的每一个夹在 两个液晶热开关。 该装置还可以包括一个或多个电源以向多个液晶热开关和一个或多个有源层施加电压。
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公开(公告)号：US06378321B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09798339
申请日：2001-03-02
IPC分类号： F25B2100
CPC分类号： H01S3/0408 , F25B21/00 , F25B23/00 , F25B2400/15 , H01L23/34 , H01L2924/0002 , Y02B30/66 , H01L2924/00
摘要： Optical refrigerators using semiconductor material as a cooling medium, with layers of material in close proximity to the cooling medium that carries away heat from the cooling material and preventing radiation trapping. In addition to the use of semiconducting material, the invention can be used with ytterbium-doped glass optical refrigerators.
摘要翻译： 使用半导体材料作为冷却介质的光学冰箱，其材料层与冷却介质紧密相邻，从冷却材料传递热量并防止辐射捕获。 除了使用半导体材料之外，本发明可以与镱掺杂的玻璃光学冰箱一起使用。
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