Method of and apparatus for handling crystal ingots
    1.
    发明授权
    Method of and apparatus for handling crystal ingots 失效
    晶锭处理方法及装置

    公开(公告)号:US4523972A

    公开(公告)日:1985-06-18

    申请号:US555781

    申请日:1983-11-28

    IPC分类号: C30B15/30 C30B15/02

    摘要: A semiconductor crystal ingot (14) is supportively engaged by an ingot handling apparatus (22) which contacts a base (38) of the ingot (14) with a base support (36) and opposite sides of a lateral surface of the ingot (14) with at least one pair of jaws (37). The jaws (37) are retained adjacent to but out of firm contact with the lateral surface of the ingot until after the support (36) firmly supports the weight of the ingot. The support and the at least one pair of jaws are retracted from a furnace (10) simultaneously in a lateral direction with no relative movement to withdraw the ingot from the furnace.

    摘要翻译: 半导体水晶锭(14)通过与锭子(14)的基座(38)接触的铸锭处理装置(22)与基座支撑件(36)和铸块(14)的侧面的相对侧支撑地接合 )与至少一对钳口(37)。 夹爪(37)保持在与锭的侧表面紧密接触的位置,直到支撑件(36)牢固地支承锭块的重量为止。 所述支撑件和所述至少一对夹爪在横向方向上同时从炉子(10)中退回,而不会相对移动,以将炉渣从炉中取出。

    Panoramic dental X-ray machine X-motion drive
    2.
    发明授权
    Panoramic dental X-ray machine X-motion drive 失效
    全景牙科X光机X运动驱动

    公开(公告)号:US4251730A

    公开(公告)日:1981-02-17

    申请号:US25706

    申请日:1979-04-02

    IPC分类号: A61B6/14 H05G1/02

    CPC分类号: A61B6/0478 A61B6/14

    摘要: Panoramic dental X-ray machine possessing mechanical and electronic simplicity for providing both continuous and discontinuous radiographs of a dental arch area. The machine includes an excursion mechanism which causes a tubehead-camera assembly to uninterruptedly circularly orbit the patient's head at a constant speed. A drive mechanism is employed which controls the shifting or transport of the patient along an X-axis only, when either continuous or discontinuous images are desired. The kVp and milliamperes remain constant during the entire exposure of the patient to the X-rays as well as the rotational speed of the tubehead-camera assembly, and no attenuating members are required in the X-ray path for varying intensity of the X-ray beam.

    摘要翻译: 全景牙科X光机具有机械和电子简单性,用于提供牙弓区域的连续和不连续射线照片。 该机器包括一个偏移机构,其使管头相机组件以恒定的速度不间断地圆周地绕轨道的患者头部。 当需要连续或不连续的图像时,采用驱动机构来控制患者沿着X轴的移动或输送。 在患者对X射线的整个暴露以及管头 - 照相机组件的旋转速度期间,kVp和毫安保持恒定,并且X射线路径中不需要衰减构件来改变X射线的强度, 射线束。

    Film drive mechanism for panoramic dental X-ray machine
    3.
    发明授权
    Film drive mechanism for panoramic dental X-ray machine 失效
    全景牙科X光机的胶片驱动机构

    公开(公告)号:US4172977A

    公开(公告)日:1979-10-30

    申请号:US889708

    申请日:1978-03-24

    IPC分类号: A61B6/14 G03B42/04 G03B41/16

    摘要: Panoramic dental X-ray machine having an improved X-ray film drive mechanism for coordinating the speed of travel of the X-ray film with non-constant speeds of lateral chair shift to provide continuous radiographs of typical dental arch areas. The film drive mechanism employs a non-rotating cam slidably mounted about a motor shaft which rotates an assembly comprising a tubehead and a cassette holder assembly. The non-rotating cam is provided with adjacent opposing slope areas for programming decreased film travel speed when the incisors of the dental arch are being X-rayed. The film is traveling at its slowest rate of speed when the midline of the incisors is being X-rayed while the chair is traveling at its fastest rate of speed thereat. The chair shifts during the X-raying of the anterior region only. A cam follower is mounted to a plate which is pivotally mounted to the tubehead-cassette holder assembly for rotation with assembly. The plate also mounts cable and roller means which cooperate to urge the follower to constantly contact working surfaces and the adjacent opposing slope areas of the non-rotating cam. The chair shift speed is controlled by a rotating barrel cam having a continuous groove disposed therein, which rotating groove is contacted by a follower guide secured to a platform which mounts the chair.

    摘要翻译: 全景牙科X射线机具有改进的X射线胶片驱动机构,用于协调X射线胶片的行进速度,并具有非恒定速度的横向椅子换档,以提供典型牙弓区域的连续射线照片。 薄膜驱动机构采用可滑动地安装在马达轴上的非旋转凸轮,该马达轴使包括管头和盒座组件的组件旋转。 非旋转凸轮设置有相邻的相对斜面区域,用于当牙弓的门牙被X射线时,用于编程减小的膜行进速度。 当门扇以最快的速度行进时,门扇的中线被X射线时,这部电影以最慢的速度行进。 椅子只在前区的X光照射下转动。 凸轮从动件安装到板上,该板被枢转地安装到管头 - 盒保持器组件上,用于与组件一起旋转。 板还安装电缆和辊装置,其协作以促使随动件不间断地接触非旋转凸轮的工作表面和相邻的相对斜面区域。 椅子换档速度由设置在其中的连续槽的旋转筒形凸轮控制,该旋转槽与固定到安装座椅的平台的从动导轨接触。

    Method for inserting multilead components into printed wiring boards
    4.
    发明授权
    Method for inserting multilead components into printed wiring boards 失效
    将多层组件插入印刷电路板的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4627161A

    公开(公告)日:1986-12-09

    申请号:US747694

    申请日:1985-06-24

    申请人: Robert H. Cushman

    发明人: Robert H. Cushman

    IPC分类号: H05K3/30 H05K3/34 H05K13/04

    摘要: A method for inserting a multilead component (30) into a printed wiring board (31) (PWB), wherein the component has its leads (32, 33) arranged in two or more rows and the PWB (31) has two or more rows of apertures (36, 37) arranged in a pattern corresponding to that of the leads of the component. The method comprises spreading the lead rows of the component (30) further apart than the aperture rows of the PWB (31); placing the component on the PWB (31) and applying a downward insertion force (41) thereon; vibrating the component (30) and the PWB (31) relative to each other; and moving the lead rows toward the aperture rows thereby inserting each lead in its corresponding aperture in the PWB.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于将多层构件(30)插入印刷电路板(PCB)(PWB)中的方法,其中所述部件具有布置成两行或多行的引线(32,33),并且所述PWB(31)具有两行或更多行 的孔(36,37)以对应于部件的引线的图案布置。 该方法包括使组件(30)的引导排比PWB(31)的开口行进一步分开; 将组件放置在PWB(31)上并在其上施加向下的插入力(41); 振动组件(30)和PWB(31); 并且将引导列朝向孔径列移动,从而将每个引线插入PWB中的相应的孔中。

    Panoramic dental X-ray machine employing image intensifying means
    5.
    发明授权
    Panoramic dental X-ray machine employing image intensifying means 失效
    全景牙科X光机采用图像增强手段

    公开(公告)号:US4304998A

    公开(公告)日:1981-12-08

    申请号:US53127

    申请日:1979-06-28

    申请人: Robert H. Cushman

    发明人: Robert H. Cushman

    IPC分类号: A61B6/14 G03B41/16

    CPC分类号: A61B6/14

    摘要: Panoramic dental X-ray machine includes a tubehead-camera assembly employing a suitable type image intensifier having a radiation input face of substantially similar shape and dimensions as a slot in a front panel of the camera assembly, the input face being secured against the slot and aligned therewith such that radiations passing through the slot must then pass through the image intensifier. A fast light-sensitive film constantly delicately presses against an output face of a fiber optic plate associated with the image intensifier as the film travels across the output face at a rate of speed dictated by the type radiographic image desired, i.e., continuous, discontinuous, or by the shape of the curved plane in focus. The image intensifier eliminates the need for conventional intensifying screens associated with panoramic dental radiographic systems. Resultant radiographs possess good contrast and resolution and are produced full size without the need of any peripheral electronic components. Invention greatly reduces the kVp and/or milliamperes required to power the tubehead as well as minimizing radiation dosages to the patient.

    摘要翻译: 全景牙科X光机包括采用合适类型的图像增强器的管头相机组件,其具有与摄像机组件的前面板中的槽基本上相似的形状和尺寸的辐射输入面,输入面被固定在狭槽和 与之对齐,使得通过槽的辐射必须经过图像增强器。 当薄膜以期望的类型放射照相图像(即连续的,不连续的)所指示的速度速度穿过输出面行进时,快速的感光膜不断精细地压靠与图像增强器相关联的光纤板的输出面, 或通过焦点的弯曲平面的形状。 图像增强器消除了与全景牙科放射照相系统相关联的常规增强屏幕的需要。 所得X射线照片具有良好的对比度和分辨率,并且无需外围电子元件即可完全生产。 本发明极大地减少了为管头提供动力所需要的kVp和/或毫安,同时最大程度地降低了对患者的辐射剂量。

    Expeditious uni-directional panoramic dental radiography
    6.
    发明授权
    Expeditious uni-directional panoramic dental radiography 失效
    快速单向全景牙科X线摄影

    公开(公告)号:US4216383A

    公开(公告)日:1980-08-05

    申请号:US947366

    申请日:1978-10-02

    IPC分类号: G03B42/02 A61B6/14 G03B41/16

    CPC分类号: A61B6/0478 A61B6/14

    摘要: Handling rate of patients being processed for panoramic dental radiographing when tubehead-camera assembly of a low silhouette panoramic dental X-ray machine is rotated for a scan in one direction only is substantially equalized with the conventional bi-directional scan, thus minimizing disadvantages concomitant with the latter. Structure is described which effects fast return of the tubehead-camera assembly with its simultaneous elevation for facilitating the radiographed patient's exit from the machine and the entrance of another patient.

    摘要翻译: 在低剪影全景牙科X光机的管头相机组装仅在一个方向旋转扫描时,全息牙科X光片处理的患者的处理率基本上与传统的双向扫描平衡,从而最小化与 后者。 描述了结构,其影响管头相机组件的快速返回,同时升高以便于射线照相患者从机器出口和另一患者的入口。

    Panoramic dental X-ray machine with camera detached therefrom
    7.
    发明授权
    Panoramic dental X-ray machine with camera detached therefrom 失效
    全景牙科X光机与相机分离

    公开(公告)号:US4321472A

    公开(公告)日:1982-03-23

    申请号:US142481

    申请日:1980-04-21

    申请人: Robert H. Cushman

    发明人: Robert H. Cushman

    CPC分类号: A61B6/0478 A61B6/14

    摘要: Panoramic dental X-ray machine wherein the camera assembly is physically detached from the tubehead assembly to prevent their rotation as an integral unit around the patient's head. Essentially, the detached camera assembly, modified in accordance with one aspect of the invention, is positioned above the head of the patient and its semi-cylindrical film carrier carries X-ray film therewith. The film carrier is cupped about the patient's face with an inner drum or mask configured similarly to the film carrier interposed between the film carrier and patient's face. The film carrier and film are then rotated at slow non-linear speeds by the film drive mechanism of the camera assembly in accordance with the type radiograph desired, i.e., continuous or discontinuous. The many advantages of the disclosed panoramic X-ray machine are cited.

    摘要翻译: 全景牙科X光机,其中相机组件与管头组件物理分离,以防止其作为围绕患者头部的整体单元旋转。 本质上,根据本发明的一个方面修改的分离的相机组件位于患者的头部上方,并且其半圆柱形胶片载体与其携带X射线胶片。 胶片载体围绕患者的脸部被覆盖,内部鼓或面罩被配置为类似于插入在胶片载体和患者面部之间的胶片载体。 然后,通过照相机组件的胶片驱动机构,根据期望的类型,即连续或不连续,以慢的非线性速度旋转胶片载体和胶片。 引用了所公开的全景X射线机的许多优点。

    Panoramic dental radiography image intensification employing
minification techniques
    8.
    发明授权
    Panoramic dental radiography image intensification employing minification techniques 失效
    使用细化技术的全景牙科放射学图像增强

    公开(公告)号:US4287423A

    公开(公告)日:1981-09-01

    申请号:US92883

    申请日:1979-11-09

    申请人: Robert H. Cushman

    发明人: Robert H. Cushman

    IPC分类号: A61B6/14 G01N23/00 G01T1/00

    CPC分类号: A61B6/14

    摘要: Panoramic dental x-ray machine wherein an x-ray source-camera assembly orbits a patient seated thereinbetween. A slot in the camera assembly collimates the x-rays which are continuously generated by the x-ray source, which x-rays are converted to light images of the patient's dental arch structure by only a single intensifying screen which remains stationary. This screen comprises about 1/40 the area of conventional intensifying screens and is made thicker for providing improved detection efficiency. A fiber optic minifying lens reduces the size of the image from the screen while proportionately increasing the light intensity of the image, thus making it possible to provide useable film images at reduced x-ray exposures due to non-linear film exposure versus optical density characteristics. The resultant minified, light-intensified image may now be recorded on 35 mm roll film, for example, as opposed to standard radiographic film of 5".times.12" size, or 12.70 cm.times.30.48 cm.

    摘要翻译: 全景牙科X光机,其中x射线源摄像机组件围绕其间安置的患者。 相机组件中的狭槽准直由x射线源连续生成的X射线,X射线仅通过保持静止的单个增强屏幕转换成患者牙弓结构的光图像。 该屏幕包括常规增强屏幕的约1/40的面积,并且被制成更厚以提高检测效率。 光纤缩小透镜相对于图像的光强度相应地降低了图像的尺寸,从而使得可以通过非线性胶片曝光与光密度特性在减少的X射线曝光下提供可用的胶片图像 。 所得到的最小化的光强化图像现在可以记录在35mm辊膜上,例如,与5'×12“尺寸或12.70cm×30.48cm的标准放射照相胶片相反。

    Simultaneously displaying varying tomographic images of dental arch with
single panoramic X-ray exposure
    9.
    发明授权
    Simultaneously displaying varying tomographic images of dental arch with single panoramic X-ray exposure 失效
    同时通过单次全景X射线曝光显示牙弓的不同断层图像

    公开(公告)号:US4239971A

    公开(公告)日:1980-12-16

    申请号:US82373

    申请日:1979-10-05

    申请人: Robert H. Cushman

    发明人: Robert H. Cushman

    IPC分类号: A61B6/14 H04N5/32 G03B41/16

    CPC分类号: A61B6/14 H04N5/32 A61B6/4291

    摘要: Only a single panoramic exposure to an X-ray source is needed to simultaneously provide a plurality of different real time and/or permanently recorded tomographic images of a focal trough of a patient's dental arch area. Contrast, intensity and magnification properties relating to tissue, bone, teeth, cheeks, and the like, may readily be varied by the dentist, physician or medical technician by merely turning or adjusting appropriate knobs of electronic components associated with the invention, a task impossible to achieve by present direct film screen X-ray cameras.

    摘要翻译: 需要仅对X射线源进行单次全景曝光以同时提供患者牙弓区域的焦点槽的多个不同的实时和/或永久记录的断层图像。 与组织,骨骼,牙齿,脸颊等相关的对比度,强度和放大特性可以通过仅通过转动或调整与本发明相关联的电子部件的适当旋钮,牙医,医师或医疗技术人员来改变,不可能完成任务 通过目前的直接电影屏X射线摄像机实现。