公开(公告)号：US06615061B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US09366084

申请日：1999-08-03

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： A method and apparatus for the measurement of trans-cutaneous diffuse reflectance at a single sampling distance for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample, such as, for example, human tissue. The determination of the concentration of the analyte has been found to depend on the sampling distance and reaches an optimal result at a defined sampling distance for a given analyte and a given sample. The method involves measuring the light re-emitted from the sample at a distance from a light introduction site and correlating the intensity of the re-emitted light to the concentration of an analyte. For a given sample, the distance between the light collection site and a light introduction site (i.e., the sampling distance) corresponds to the depth from the surface into the sample at which scattering and absorption events significantly affect the intensity of re-emitted light (i.e., the sampling depth). Prior knowledge about the sample determines the optimal sampling depth for performing a measurement for a specific analyte and the corresponding sampling distance needed to reach that optimal sampling depth. Optimization of the sampling distance, as well as the correlation relationship, can be established in a calibration procedure.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在单个采样距离处测量透皮漫反射率以确定生物样品（例如人体组织）中的分析物的浓度的方法和装置。 已经发现分析物浓度的确定取决于采样距离，并且在给定分析物和给定样品的定义的采样距离处达到最佳结果。 该方法包括测量从光引入位置一段距离处从样品再发射的光并将再发射的光的强度与分析物的浓度相关联。 对于给定的样品，光采集位置和光引入位点之间的距离（即采样距离）对应于从表面到样品的深度，其中散射和吸收事件显着影响再发射光的强度（ 即采样深度）。 关于样品的现有知识决定了对特定分析物进行测量的最佳采样深度以及达到该最佳采样深度所需的相应采样距离。 可以在校准过程中建立采样距离的优化以及相关关系。

公开(公告)号：US06526298B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09693122

申请日：2000-10-20

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： A method for the determination of concentrations of analytes, e.g., glucose, and other metabolites in human tissue, wherein the temperature of a defined cutaneous volume of tissue, e.g., human skin, is controlled. The method involves calculating the concentration of an analyte in the tissue by taking into consideration the values of optical parameters of a sample of tissue measured in the defined cutaneous volume of the tissue at various temperatures. The selection of the defined volume is a function of the sampling distance along the surface of the tissue, the wavelength of light used to illuminate the tissue, and the temperature in the defined volume of tissue, which is a function of the temperature at the surface of the tissue. In one embodiment of the method of this invention, an optical signal re-emitted from a defined cutaneous volume of the tissue is measured, as the temperature of this volume is maintained at a constant value. In another embodiment of the method of this invention, the temperature of the defined cutaneous volume of the tissue is varied within a defined physiological range to change the depth of penetration of light into the tissue, thereby achieving a depth profile for the optical signal. The method of this invention is useful for monitoring the concentrations of analytes in tissues, testing at the point of care, and screening for diseases, such as, for example, diabetes. The method of this invention utilizes changes in temperature and selection of wavelengths to define cutaneous volumes below the surface of the tissue, in which volumes the concentration of an analyte can be determined.

摘要翻译： 用于测定人组织中分析物（例如葡萄糖）和其它代谢物的浓度的方法，其中控制例如人皮肤的组织的定义的皮肤体积的温度。 该方法包括通过考虑在各种温度下在组织的定义的皮肤体积中测量的组织样品的光学参数的值来计算组织中分析物的浓度。 定义体积的选择是沿着组织表面的采样距离，用于照亮组织的光的波长和组织的限定体积中的温度的函数，其是表面温度的函数 的组织。 在本发明的方法的一个实施例中，当该体积的温度保持在恒定值时，测量从组织的规定皮肤体积重新发射的光学信号。 在本发明方法的另一实施例中，组织的限定皮肤体积的温度在规定的生理范围内变化，以改变光进入组织的深度，从而实现光信号的深度分布。 本发明的方法可用于监测组织中分析物的浓度，在护理点进行测试和筛选疾病，例如糖尿病。 本发明的方法利用温度的变化和波长的选择来限定组织表面以下的皮肤体积，其中可以确定分析物的浓度。

公开(公告)号：US6067463A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US225430

申请日：1999-01-05

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  John M. Lindberg ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Ete Z. Szuts

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  John M. Lindberg ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Ete Z. Szuts

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/1455

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of an analyte of interest, e.g. glucose, in blood non-invasively, i.e., without penetrating the skin or obtaining a biological sample from the body of a patient. The method and apparatus uses a plurality of measurement channels with appropriate wavelengths of interest to control variations of signal and to separate the contribution of the analyte of interest from those of interfering compounds. The method and apparatus of this invention can also be adapted to allow a portion of a body part to be engorged with blood to bring about greater accuracy in optical measurements. In the method of this invention, at least two similar, but not identical, measurements are made concurrently. For example, at least two measurements can be made with similar, but not identical, wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The two wavelengths should not be overlapping to allow maximum non-identity. By making measurements concurrently, each measurement channel in the system experiences variations as they occur substantially simultaneously in all channels. By selecting one of the channels as a reference channel and by normalizing the optical measurements of the other channels to this reference channel, the variations common to all channels are eliminated. Removing these common variations from the optical measurements by normalization, such as by calculating ratios of the measurement of each of the measuring channels to that of the reference channel, will allow the actual changes of the signal for a specific analyte of interest to be measured.

摘要翻译： 用于测量所关注的分析物的浓度的方法和装置，例如， 葡萄糖在血液中非侵入性地，即不渗透皮肤或从患者的身体获得生物样品。 该方法和装置使用具有适当的感兴趣波长的多个测量通道来控制信号的变化并分离感兴趣分析物对干扰化合物的贡献。 本发明的方法和装置还可以适于允许身体部分的一部分被血液吸收以在光学测量中带来更高的精度。 在本发明的方法中，同时进行至少两个相似但不相同的测量。 例如，可以用类似但不相同的电磁辐射波长进行至少两次测量。 两个波长不应重叠，以允许最大的非身份。 通过同时进行测量，系统中的每个测量通道在所有通道中基本上同时发生变化。 通过选择一个通道作为参考通道，并将其他通道的光学测量标准化到该参考通道，可以消除所有通道共用的变化。 通过归一化从光学测量中去除这些常见的变化，例如通过计算每个测量通道的测量与参考通道的测量的比率，将允许测量特定分析物的信号的实际变化。

公开(公告)号：US20100016689A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-21

申请号：US12418899

申请日：2009-04-06

申请人： Shoichi Kanayama ,  Omar S. KHALIL ,  Tzyy-Wen JENG ,  Shu-Jen YEH

发明人： Shoichi Kanayama ,  Omar S. KHALIL ,  Tzyy-Wen JENG ,  Shu-Jen YEH

IPC分类号： A61B5/1455

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0053 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B5/6843

摘要： A method for noninvasive measurement of glucose in a tissue of a subject, including the steps of bringing an adaptation device, which has a shape similar to a measurement probe, into contact with a skin part of a subject for stretching the skin part of the subject under a pressure that is higher than a pressure per unit area applied by the measurement probe during the noninvasive measurement, maintaining the contact for a predetermined period of time followed by relieving the contact, bringing the measurement probe into contact with the stretched skin part of the subject for the noninvasive measurement, collecting signals emitted from the subject, and estimating a glucose concentration based on the collected signals.

摘要翻译： 一种用于对受试者的组织中的葡萄糖进行非侵入性测量的方法，包括以下步骤：将具有与测量探针类似的形状的适应装置与受试者的皮肤部分接触以拉伸受试者的皮肤部分 在非侵入性测量期间高于测量探针施加的每单位面积的压力的压力下，将接触保持预定的时间段，然后释放接触，使测量探针与被拉伸的皮肤部分接触 主观无创测量，收集从受试者发射的信号，并根据收集的信号估计葡萄糖浓度。

公开(公告)号：US06662031B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-09

申请号：US09566415

申请日：2000-05-08

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/14535 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for the determination of hemoglobin and hematocrit by means of an apparatus that is capable of controlling the temperature of a defined subcutaneous volume of human skin. The method involves a calculation of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value that takes into consideration the values of optical parameters of the sample at various pre-set temperatures. The apparatus and method employ steady state optical measurements of samples, such as, for example, human tissue, by means of a reflectance tissue photometer and localized control of the temperature of the sample. According to the method of this invention, an optical signal from a defined subcutaneous volume of human skin is measured as the temperature of this volume is controlled. The method and apparatus of this invention allow determination of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value non-invasively in a population of subjects having different skin colors by means of steady state reflectance measurements. The method of this invention for determination of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value is useful for monitoring patients, testing at the point of care, and screening for anemia. In contrast to other attempts in the prior art that rely on signals of cardiac pulses, the method of this invention has the advantage for the determination of analytes in weak cardiac pulse situations, such as, for example, in elderly patients.

摘要翻译： 用于通过能够控制人皮肤的规定的皮下体积的温度的装置来测定血红蛋白和血细胞比容的方法。 该方法涉及在各种预设温度下考虑样品的光学参数的值的血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值的计算。 该装置和方法利用反射组织光度计对样品（例如人体组织）进行稳态光学测量并且对样品的温度进行局部控制。 根据本发明的方法，当控制该体积的温度时，测量来自人体皮肤的确定的皮下体积的光学信号。 本发明的方法和装置允许通过稳态反射测量在具有不同皮肤颜色的受试者群体中非侵入性地测定血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值。 用于测定血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值的本发明的方法对于监测患者，在护理点进行测试和筛查贫血是有用的。 与依靠心脏脉冲信号的现有技术的其他尝试相反，本发明的方法具有测定弱心脏脉搏情况下的分析物的优点，例如老年患者。

公开(公告)号：US06654620B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-25

申请号：US09835705

申请日：2001-04-16

申请人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

发明人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

IPC分类号： A61B550

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample comprising the steps of: (1) providing an optical measuring instrument comprising a thermally controllable optical measuring element that comes into contact with the surface of the biological sample; (2) applying a coupling agent to the optical measuring element or to the surface of the biological sample or to both so that the coupling agent will be disposed at the interface of the surface of the biological sample and the optical measuring element; (3) measuring optical properties of the biological sample by means of the optical measuring instrument; and (4) correlating the optical properties of the biological sample with the concentration of the analyte in the biological sample. The coupling agent can be selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, mineral oil, polyethylene glycols, and oils from natural resources.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定生物样品中分析物浓度的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）提供光学测量仪器，其包括与生物样品表面接触的热可控光学测量元件;（2） 偶联剂到光学测量元件或生物样品的表面或两者以使得偶联剂将被布置在生物样品的表面与光学测量元件的界面处;（3）测量光学特性 通过光学测量仪器生物样品; 和（4）将生物样品的光学性质与生物样品中分析物的浓度相关联。偶联剂可以选自硅油，矿物油，聚乙二醇和来自天然资源的油。

公开(公告)号：US08315681B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-20

申请号：US12418899

申请日：2009-04-06

申请人： Shoichi Kanayama ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh

发明人： Shoichi Kanayama ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh

IPC分类号： A61B5/1455

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/0053 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B5/6843

摘要： A method for noninvasive measurement of glucose in a tissue of a subject, including the steps of bringing an adaptation device, which has a shape similar to a measurement probe, into contact with a skin part of a subject for stretching the skin part of the subject under a pressure that is higher than a pressure per unit area applied by the measurement probe during the noninvasive measurement, maintaining the contact for a predetermined period of time followed by relieving the contact, bringing the measurement probe into contact with the stretched skin part of the subject for the noninvasive measurement, collecting signals emitted from the subject, and estimating a glucose concentration based on the collected signals.

摘要翻译： 一种用于对受试者的组织中的葡萄糖进行非侵入性测量的方法，包括以下步骤：将具有与测量探针类似的形状的适应装置与受试者的皮肤部分接触以拉伸受试者的皮肤部分 在非侵入性测量期间高于测量探针施加的每单位面积的压力的压力下，将接触保持预定的时间段，然后释放接触，使测量探针与被拉伸的皮肤部分接触 主观无创测量，收集从受试者发射的信号，并根据收集的信号估计葡萄糖浓度。

公开(公告)号：US06662030B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-09

申请号：US09080470

申请日：1998-05-18

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Frits F. M. de Mul ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Michael G. Lowery ,  Johannes S. Kanger ,  René A. Bolt

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Frits F. M. de Mul ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Michael G. Lowery ,  Johannes S. Kanger ,  René A. Bolt

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/4795

摘要： Devices and methods for non-invasively measuring at least one parameter of a sample, such as the presence or concentration of an analyte, in a body part wherein the temperature is controlled. The present invention measures light that is reflected, scattered, absorbed, or emitted by the sample from an average sampling depth, dav, that is confined within a temperature controlled region in the tissue. This average sampling depth is preferably less than 2 mm, and more preferably less than 1 mm. Confining the sampling depth into the tissue is achieved by appropriate selection of the separation between the source and the detector and the illumination wavelengths. In another aspect, the invention involves a method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring at least one parameter of a body part with temperature stepping. In another aspect, the invention involves a method and apparatus for non-invasively measuring at least one parameter of a body part with temperature modulation. In another aspect, the invention provides an improved method of measuring at least one parameter of a tissue sample comprising the steps of: (a) lowering the temperature of said tissue sample to a temperature that is lower than the normal physiological temperature of the body; and (b) determining at least one optical property of said tissue sample.

摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性地测量样品的至少一个参数（例如分析物的存在或浓度）在其中控制温度的身体部位中的装置和方法。 本发明测量被从组织中的温度控制区域内限定的平均采样深度dav反射，散射，吸收或发射的光。 该平均采样深度优选小于2mm，更优选小于1mm。 通过适当选择源和检测器之间的距离以及照明波长来实现将采样深度限制在组织中。 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于非侵入性地测量具有温度步进的身体部位的至少一个参数的方法和装置。 在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于通过温度调制非侵入性地测量身体部位的至少一个参数的方法和装置。 另一方面，本发明提供了一种测量组织样本的至少一个参数的改进方法，包括以下步骤：（a）将所述组织样本的温度降低到低于身体的正常生理温度的温度; 和（b）确定所述组织样品的至少一种光学性质。

公开(公告)号：US06630673B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-07

申请号：US10036826

申请日：2001-12-21

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Johannes Sake Kanger ,  Rene' Alexander Bolt ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Frits Frans Maria de Mul

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Johannes Sake Kanger ,  Rene' Alexander Bolt ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Frits Frans Maria de Mul

IPC分类号： G01N2147

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： Apparatus and method for non-invasively measuring at least one optical parameter of a sample, particularly a sample of tissue that comprises a plurality of layers. The at least one parameter can be used to determine the presence or concentration of an analyte of interest in the sample of tissue. The apparatus and method of the present invention (1) measure light that is substantially reflected, scattered, absorbed, or emitted from a shallower layer of the sample of tissue, (2) measure light that is substantially reflected, scattered, absorbed, or emitted from a deeper layer of the sample of tissue, (3) determine at least one optical parameter for each of these layers, and (4) account for the effect of the shallower layer on the at least one optical parameter of the deeper layer. Specifying the sampling depth allows determinations of the optical properties of a specific layer of the sample of the tissue, e.g., dermis, and decreases interference from other layers, e.g., stratum corneum and epidermis, in these determinations.

公开(公告)号：US06241663B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-05

申请号：US09302207

申请日：1999-04-29

申请人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

发明人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample comprising the steps of: (1) providing an optical measuring instrument that comprises at least one thermally controllable optical measuring element that comes into contact with the surface of the biological sample; (2) applying an inert, thermally conductive, optically transparent coupling agent to the at least one optical measuring element or to the surface of the biological sample or both so that the coupling agent will be disposed at the interface of the surface of the biological sample and the at least one optical measuring element; (3) measuring optical properties of the biological sample by means of the optical measuring instrument; and (4) correlating the optical properties of the biological sample with the concentration of the analyte in the biological sample. A coupling agent suitable for this invention must have several properties to enable it to help decrease measurement variation, especially drift. One of the most important properties is sufficiently high optical stability that the optical properties of the coupling agent do not change even during prolonged experiments, such as oral glucose tolerance tests. Secondly, the coupling agent should have sufficiently high thermal conductivity to allow fast, efficient heat transfer between the optical probe and the biological sample. Third, the coupling agent should have sufficiently high viscosity to prevent it from migrating from the measurement area. Yet, it should also have sufficiently low viscosity to allow sufficient contact between the optical probe and the biological sample and to permeate into any small pockets between the probe and the biological sample that would otherwise be filled with the air. Fourth, the coupling agent should be inert. Material from the coupling agent should not diffuse into the biological sample and material from the biological sample should not diffuse into the coupling agent.