公开(公告)号：US6067463A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

申请号：US225430

申请日：1999-01-05

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  John M. Lindberg ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Ete Z. Szuts

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  John M. Lindberg ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Arnold F. Stalder ,  Ete Z. Szuts

IPC分类号： G01N21/35 ,  A61B5/00 ,  A61B5/145 ,  A61B5/1455

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of an analyte of interest, e.g. glucose, in blood non-invasively, i.e., without penetrating the skin or obtaining a biological sample from the body of a patient. The method and apparatus uses a plurality of measurement channels with appropriate wavelengths of interest to control variations of signal and to separate the contribution of the analyte of interest from those of interfering compounds. The method and apparatus of this invention can also be adapted to allow a portion of a body part to be engorged with blood to bring about greater accuracy in optical measurements. In the method of this invention, at least two similar, but not identical, measurements are made concurrently. For example, at least two measurements can be made with similar, but not identical, wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. The two wavelengths should not be overlapping to allow maximum non-identity. By making measurements concurrently, each measurement channel in the system experiences variations as they occur substantially simultaneously in all channels. By selecting one of the channels as a reference channel and by normalizing the optical measurements of the other channels to this reference channel, the variations common to all channels are eliminated. Removing these common variations from the optical measurements by normalization, such as by calculating ratios of the measurement of each of the measuring channels to that of the reference channel, will allow the actual changes of the signal for a specific analyte of interest to be measured.

摘要翻译： 用于测量所关注的分析物的浓度的方法和装置，例如， 葡萄糖在血液中非侵入性地，即不渗透皮肤或从患者的身体获得生物样品。 该方法和装置使用具有适当的感兴趣波长的多个测量通道来控制信号的变化并分离感兴趣分析物对干扰化合物的贡献。 本发明的方法和装置还可以适于允许身体部分的一部分被血液吸收以在光学测量中带来更高的精度。 在本发明的方法中，同时进行至少两个相似但不相同的测量。 例如，可以用类似但不相同的电磁辐射波长进行至少两次测量。 两个波长不应重叠，以允许最大的非身份。 通过同时进行测量，系统中的每个测量通道在所有通道中基本上同时发生变化。 通过选择一个通道作为参考通道，并将其他通道的光学测量标准化到该参考通道，可以消除所有通道共用的变化。 通过归一化从光学测量中去除这些常见的变化，例如通过计算每个测量通道的测量与参考通道的测量的比率，将允许测量特定分析物的信号的实际变化。

公开(公告)号：US07043287B1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-09

申请号：US09419461

申请日：1999-10-15

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

IPC分类号： A61B5/00

CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B2562/0242

摘要： Devices and methods for non-invasively measuring at least one parameter of a sample, such as the presence of a disease condition, progression of a disease state, presence of an analyte, or concentration of an analyte, in a biological sample, such as, for example, a body part. In these devices and methods, temperature is controlled and is varied between preset boundaries. The methods and devices measure light that is reflected, scattered, absorbed, or emitted by the sample from an average sampling depth, dav, that is confined within a region in the sample wherein temperature is controlled. According to the method of this invention, the sampling depth dav, in human tissue is modified by changing the temperature of the tissue. The sampling depth increases as the temperature is lowered below the body core temperature and decreases when the temperature is raised within or above the body core temperature. Changing the temperature at the measurement site changes the light penetration depth in tissue and hence dav. Change in light penetration in tissue as a function of temperature can be used to estimate the presence of a disease condition, progression of a disease state, presence of an analyte, or concentration of an analyte in a biological sample. According to the method of this invention, an optical measurement is performed on a biological sample at a first temperature. Then, when the optical measurement is repeated at a second temperature, light will penetrate into the biological sample to a depth that is different from the depth to which light penetrates at the first temperature by from about 5% to about 20%.

摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性地测量样品的至少一个参数的装置和方法，例如疾病状况的存在，疾病状态的进展，分析物的存在或分析物的浓度， 例如，身体部位。 在这些装置和方法中，控制温度并在预设的边界之间变化。 方法和装置测量由样品中的平均采样深度d> av is is is is is is is measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure measure or or wherein wherein wherein wherein wherein wherein。。。。。。。。 根据本发明的方法，通过改变组织的温度来改变人体组织中的采样深度d>。。 当温度降低到体芯温度以下时，采样深度增加，当温度升高到体芯内温度以上时，采样深度降低。 改变测量部位的温度会改变组织中的光穿透深度，从而改变组织的光穿透深度。 可以使用作为温度的函数的组织中的光穿透的变化来估计生物样品中疾病状况，疾病状态的进展，分析物的存在或分析物的浓度的存在。 根据本发明的方法，在第一温度下对生物样品进行光学测量。 然后，当在第二温度下重复光学测量时，光将穿透生物样品至与第一温度下的光渗透约5％至约20％的深度不同的深度。

公开(公告)号：US06662031B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-09

申请号：US09566415

申请日：2000-05-08

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/0059 ,  A61B5/14535 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for the determination of hemoglobin and hematocrit by means of an apparatus that is capable of controlling the temperature of a defined subcutaneous volume of human skin. The method involves a calculation of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value that takes into consideration the values of optical parameters of the sample at various pre-set temperatures. The apparatus and method employ steady state optical measurements of samples, such as, for example, human tissue, by means of a reflectance tissue photometer and localized control of the temperature of the sample. According to the method of this invention, an optical signal from a defined subcutaneous volume of human skin is measured as the temperature of this volume is controlled. The method and apparatus of this invention allow determination of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value non-invasively in a population of subjects having different skin colors by means of steady state reflectance measurements. The method of this invention for determination of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value is useful for monitoring patients, testing at the point of care, and screening for anemia. In contrast to other attempts in the prior art that rely on signals of cardiac pulses, the method of this invention has the advantage for the determination of analytes in weak cardiac pulse situations, such as, for example, in elderly patients.

摘要翻译： 用于通过能够控制人皮肤的规定的皮下体积的温度的装置来测定血红蛋白和血细胞比容的方法。 该方法涉及在各种预设温度下考虑样品的光学参数的值的血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值的计算。 该装置和方法利用反射组织光度计对样品（例如人体组织）进行稳态光学测量并且对样品的温度进行局部控制。 根据本发明的方法，当控制该体积的温度时，测量来自人体皮肤的确定的皮下体积的光学信号。 本发明的方法和装置允许通过稳态反射测量在具有不同皮肤颜色的受试者群体中非侵入性地测定血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值。 用于测定血红蛋白浓度和血细胞比容值的本发明的方法对于监测患者，在护理点进行测试和筛查贫血是有用的。 与依靠心脏脉冲信号的现有技术的其他尝试相反，本发明的方法具有测定弱心脏脉搏情况下的分析物的优点，例如老年患者。

公开(公告)号：US06654620B2

公开(公告)日：2003-11-25

申请号：US09835705

申请日：2001-04-16

申请人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

发明人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

IPC分类号： A61B550

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample comprising the steps of: (1) providing an optical measuring instrument comprising a thermally controllable optical measuring element that comes into contact with the surface of the biological sample; (2) applying a coupling agent to the optical measuring element or to the surface of the biological sample or to both so that the coupling agent will be disposed at the interface of the surface of the biological sample and the optical measuring element; (3) measuring optical properties of the biological sample by means of the optical measuring instrument; and (4) correlating the optical properties of the biological sample with the concentration of the analyte in the biological sample. The coupling agent can be selected from the group consisting of silicone oil, mineral oil, polyethylene glycols, and oils from natural resources.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定生物样品中分析物浓度的方法，包括以下步骤：（1）提供光学测量仪器，其包括与生物样品表面接触的热可控光学测量元件;（2） 偶联剂到光学测量元件或生物样品的表面或两者以使得偶联剂将被布置在生物样品的表面与光学测量元件的界面处;（3）测量光学特性 通过光学测量仪器生物样品; 和（4）将生物样品的光学性质与生物样品中分析物的浓度相关联。偶联剂可以选自硅油，矿物油，聚乙二醇和来自天然资源的油。

公开(公告)号：US06241663B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-05

申请号：US09302207

申请日：1999-04-29

申请人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

发明人： Xiaomao Wu ,  Omar S. Khalil ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Shu-Jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： G01N21/4795 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043

摘要： A method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample comprising the steps of: (1) providing an optical measuring instrument that comprises at least one thermally controllable optical measuring element that comes into contact with the surface of the biological sample; (2) applying an inert, thermally conductive, optically transparent coupling agent to the at least one optical measuring element or to the surface of the biological sample or both so that the coupling agent will be disposed at the interface of the surface of the biological sample and the at least one optical measuring element; (3) measuring optical properties of the biological sample by means of the optical measuring instrument; and (4) correlating the optical properties of the biological sample with the concentration of the analyte in the biological sample. A coupling agent suitable for this invention must have several properties to enable it to help decrease measurement variation, especially drift. One of the most important properties is sufficiently high optical stability that the optical properties of the coupling agent do not change even during prolonged experiments, such as oral glucose tolerance tests. Secondly, the coupling agent should have sufficiently high thermal conductivity to allow fast, efficient heat transfer between the optical probe and the biological sample. Third, the coupling agent should have sufficiently high viscosity to prevent it from migrating from the measurement area. Yet, it should also have sufficiently low viscosity to allow sufficient contact between the optical probe and the biological sample and to permeate into any small pockets between the probe and the biological sample that would otherwise be filled with the air. Fourth, the coupling agent should be inert. Material from the coupling agent should not diffuse into the biological sample and material from the biological sample should not diffuse into the coupling agent.

公开(公告)号：US06615061B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-02

申请号：US09366084

申请日：1999-08-03

申请人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

发明人： Omar S. Khalil ,  Xiaomao Wu ,  Shu-jen Yeh ,  Charles F. Hanna ,  Stanislaw Kantor ,  Tzyy-Wen Jeng

IPC分类号： A61B500

CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B2562/0233 ,  A61B2562/0242 ,  A61B2562/043 ,  G01N21/49

摘要： A method and apparatus for the measurement of trans-cutaneous diffuse reflectance at a single sampling distance for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample, such as, for example, human tissue. The determination of the concentration of the analyte has been found to depend on the sampling distance and reaches an optimal result at a defined sampling distance for a given analyte and a given sample. The method involves measuring the light re-emitted from the sample at a distance from a light introduction site and correlating the intensity of the re-emitted light to the concentration of an analyte. For a given sample, the distance between the light collection site and a light introduction site (i.e., the sampling distance) corresponds to the depth from the surface into the sample at which scattering and absorption events significantly affect the intensity of re-emitted light (i.e., the sampling depth). Prior knowledge about the sample determines the optimal sampling depth for performing a measurement for a specific analyte and the corresponding sampling distance needed to reach that optimal sampling depth. Optimization of the sampling distance, as well as the correlation relationship, can be established in a calibration procedure.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在单个采样距离处测量透皮漫反射率以确定生物样品（例如人体组织）中的分析物的浓度的方法和装置。 已经发现分析物浓度的确定取决于采样距离，并且在给定分析物和给定样品的定义的采样距离处达到最佳结果。 该方法包括测量从光引入位置一段距离处从样品再发射的光并将再发射的光的强度与分析物的浓度相关联。 对于给定的样品，光采集位置和光引入位点之间的距离（即采样距离）对应于从表面到样品的深度，其中散射和吸收事件显着影响再发射光的强度（ 即采样深度）。 关于样品的现有知识决定了对特定分析物进行测量的最佳采样深度以及达到该最佳采样深度所需的相应采样距离。 可以在校准过程中建立采样距离的优化以及相关关系。

公开(公告)号：US06773922B2

公开(公告)日：2004-08-10

申请号：US10191148

申请日：2002-07-09

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

IPC分类号： G01N2141

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/274 ,  Y10T436/144444 ,  Y10T436/146666 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/171538 ,  Y10T436/200833

摘要： Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e.g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e.g., urea, of a biological sample, e.g., urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and method for measuring the refractive index of a sample of biological fluid while making spectroscopic measurements substantially simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 用于确定生物样品例如尿液的至少一种分析物（例如尿素）的至少一个参数例如浓度的装置和方法。 特别适用于本发明的装置和方法的生物样品是尿液。 通常，光谱测量可用于量化生物样品中一种或多种分析物的浓度。 为了获得某些分析物（如血红蛋白和胆红素）的浓度值，可以使用可见光吸收光谱。 为了获得其他分析物（如尿素，肌酐，葡萄糖，酮和蛋白质）的浓度值，可以使用红外光吸收光谱。 本发明的装置和方法利用一种或多种数学技术来提高生物样品中分析物参数的测量精度。 本发明还提供了一种用于在基本上同时进行光谱测量的同时测量生物流体样品的折射率的装置和方法。

公开(公告)号：US06365109B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-02

申请号：US09407397

申请日：1999-09-28

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

IPC分类号： G01N110

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/274 ,  Y10T436/144444 ,  Y10T436/146666 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/171538 ,  Y10T436/200833

摘要： Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e.g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e.g., urea, of a biological sample, e.g., urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and method for measuring the refractive index of a sample of biological fluid while making spectroscopic measurements substantially simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 用于确定生物样品例如尿液的至少一种分析物（例如尿素）的至少一个参数例如浓度的装置和方法。 特别适用于本发明的装置和方法的生物样品是尿液。 通常，光谱测量可用于量化生物样品中一种或多种分析物的浓度。 为了获得某些分析物（如血红蛋白和胆红素）的浓度值，可以使用可见光吸收光谱。 为了获得其他分析物（如尿素，肌酐，葡萄糖，酮和蛋白质）的浓度值，可以使用红外光吸收光谱。 本发明的装置和方法利用一种或多种数学技术来提高生物样品中分析物参数的测量精度。 本发明还提供了一种用于在基本上同时进行光谱测量的同时测量生物流体样品的折射率的装置和方法。

公开(公告)号：US07303922B2

公开(公告)日：2007-12-04

申请号：US10829777

申请日：2004-04-22

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/274 ,  Y10T436/144444 ,  Y10T436/146666 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/171538 ,  Y10T436/200833

摘要： Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e. g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e. g., urea, of a biological sample, e. g., urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and method for measuring the refractive index of a sample of biological fluid while making spectroscopic measurements substantially simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 用于确定至少一个参数的装置和方法， 至少一种分析物的浓度，例如， 例如生物样品的尿素，例如， 例如尿。 特别适用于本发明的装置和方法的生物样品是尿液。 通常，光谱测量可用于量化生物样品中一种或多种分析物的浓度。 为了获得某些分析物（如血红蛋白和胆红素）的浓度值，可以使用可见光吸收光谱。 为了获得尿素，肌酐，葡萄糖，酮和蛋白质等其他分析物的浓度值，可以使用红外光吸收光谱。 本发明的装置和方法利用一种或多种数学技术来提高生物样品中分析物参数的测量精度。 本发明还提供了一种用于在基本上同时进行光谱测量的同时测量生物流体样品的折射率的装置和方法。

公开(公告)号：US6087182A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-11

申请号：US141483

申请日：1998-08-27

申请人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

发明人： Tzyy-Wen Jeng ,  Larry L. McDowell ,  Joseph Larry Pezzaniti ,  Gary M. Oosta ,  Eric B. Shain

IPC分类号： G01N21/64 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/41 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N33/483 ,  G01N33/493 ,  G01N21/25

CPC分类号： G01N21/4133 ,  G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/274 ,  Y10T436/144444 ,  Y10T436/146666 ,  Y10T436/147777 ,  Y10T436/171538 ,  Y10T436/200833

摘要： Apparatus and method for determining at least one parameter, e. g., concentration, of at least one analyte, e. g., urea, of a biological sample, e.g, urine. A biological sample particularly suitable for the apparatus and method of this invention is urine. In general, spectroscopic measurements can be used to quantify the concentrations of one or more analytes in a biological sample. In order to obtain concentration values of certain analytes, such as hemoglobin and bilirubin, visible light absorption spectroscopy can be used. In order to obtain concentration values of other analytes, such as urea, creatinine, glucose, ketones, and protein, infrared light absorption spectroscopy can be used. The apparatus and method of this invention utilize one or more mathematical techniques to improve the accuracy of measurement of parameters of analytes in a biological sample. The invention also provides an apparatus and method for measuring the refractive index of a sample of biological fluid while making spectroscopic measurements substantially simultaneously.

摘要翻译： 用于确定至少一个参数的装置和方法， 至少一种分析物的浓度，例如， 例如尿素，例如尿液。 特别适用于本发明的装置和方法的生物样品是尿液。 通常，光谱测量可用于量化生物样品中一种或多种分析物的浓度。 为了获得某些分析物（如血红蛋白和胆红素）的浓度值，可以使用可见光吸收光谱。 为了获得尿素，肌酐，葡萄糖，酮和蛋白质等其他分析物的浓度值，可以使用红外光吸收光谱。 本发明的装置和方法利用一种或多种数学技术来提高生物样品中分析物参数的测量精度。 本发明还提供了一种用于在基本上同时进行光谱测量的同时测量生物流体样品的折射率的装置和方法。