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    Process for preparing environmentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils
    4.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing environmentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils 失效
    污染沉积物和土壤的修复产生的环境稳定的产品

    公开(公告)号：US5855666A

    公开(公告)日：1999-01-05

    申请号：US773677

    申请日：1996-12-24

    申请人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Michael C. Mensinger ,  Amirali G. Rehmat ,  Anthony L. Lee

    发明人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Michael C. Mensinger ,  Amirali G. Rehmat ,  Anthony L. Lee

    IPC分类号： C04B28/02 ,  C04B18/02 ,  C04B18/04 ,  C04B18/10 ,  C04B18/30

    CPC分类号： C04B18/108 ,  C04B18/026 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/90

    摘要： This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network. Atmospheric emissions resulting from this process are nontoxic and capable of meeting currently specified health and environmental requirements.The amorphous material can be pulverized to yield a powder which evinces cementitious properties either by reaction with alkali solution or by blending it with other materials to produce blended cements. The compressive strengths of the concretes made from the powder of the subject invention and blends thereof are comparable to, or greater than the ASTM requirements for general purpose concrete applications. The powder of the subject invention, blended cements, and concrete/mortar derived therefrom also easily pass the EPA TCLP leach test to achieve environmental acceptability.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用有机污染物污染的沉积物和土壤以及随后有益再利用的无机材料的热化学修复和去污。 当某些添加剂如钙和金属氧化物与受污染的材料混合时，产生具有商业价值的新型环境稳定的产品。 在该过程中，将混合物加热至1150℃。将差异1500℃以产生具有至少部分过量氧混合物或空气的熔融反应产物连续鼓泡通过熔体，以提供混合并实现 高热破坏和有机污染物的去除效率。 然后将熔体在潮湿的空气，蒸汽或水中快速淬火，以避免将无定形材料转变成晶体。 将无机污染物如铬，镍，锌等掺入并完全固定在无定形硅酸盐网络内。 这个过程产生的大气排放是无毒的，能够达到目前规定的健康和环境要求。 可以将无定形材料粉碎以产生通过与碱溶液反应或通过与其它材料混合以产生混合水泥而产生水泥性质的粉末。 由本发明的粉末及其共混物制成的混凝土的抗压强度与通用混凝土应用的ASTM要求相当或更大。 本发明的粉末，混合水泥和由其衍生的混凝土/砂浆也容易通过EPA TCLP浸出试验以达到环境可接受性。

    Catalytic reactor
    5.
    发明授权
    Catalytic reactor 失效
    催化反应器

    公开(公告)号：US5266281A

    公开(公告)日：1993-11-30

    申请号：US780246

    申请日：1991-10-22

    申请人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Shaw-Yaw Kang

    发明人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Shaw-Yaw Kang

    IPC分类号： B01J8/06 ,  C07C29/151 ,  C07C29/152

    CPC分类号： C07C29/1518 ,  B01J8/067 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00212

    摘要： An improved double tube reactor having a plurality of inner and outer tube assemblies each of the assemblies having a reaction annular volume between the inner tube and outer tube and a closed center plug within the inner tube forming an annular thermal exchange volume between the center plug and the inner tube to obtain desired temperature control of exothermic and endothermic catalytic chemical reactions. In one embodiment of the invention, the improved double tube reactor is used in a process for production of high purity methanol from process gas produced by steam reforming hydrocarbon feedstocks in a tube type reformer followed by removing substantially all CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O from the process gas, adjusting the H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio to about 2 when necessary, and feeding the adjusted process gas to a methanol synthesis reactor contacting a methanol forming catalyst not requiring CO.sub.2 activation at about 200.degree. to about 300.degree. C. to produce product gas comprising methanol, and recovering liquid methanol having purity greater than about 99.85% pure by cooling the product gas to a temperature below the boiling point of methanol and separating the liquid methanol from gaseous components of the product gas. In a preferred embodiment, process gas of H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio of about 2.0 to about 2.5 is passed through an annular thermal exchange volume between a center plug and an inner tube followed by passing the gas in contact with a catalyst in a catalyst bed between the inner tube and an outer tube of a double tube reactor assembly promoting the direct reaction of H.sub.2 and CO to product methanol.

    摘要翻译： 一种改进的双管反应器，具有多个内管组件和外管组件，每个组件在内管和外管之间具有反应环形体积，内管内的封闭中心塞形成中心塞和中心塞之间的环形热交换体积 内管获得所需的放热和吸热催化化学反应的温度控制。 在本发明的一个实施方案中，改进的双管反应器用于从管式重整器中的蒸汽重整烃原料生产的工艺气体生产高纯度甲醇的方法，随后从工艺气体中除去基本上所有的CO 2和H 2 O， 在必要时将H 2 / CO摩尔比调节至约2，并将经调节的处理气体送入甲醇合成反应器，甲醇合成反应器在约200℃至约300℃下接触不需要CO 2活化的甲醇形成催化剂以产生包含甲醇的产物气体， 并通过将产物气体冷却至低于甲醇沸点的温度并将液体甲醇与产物气体的气体组分分离来回收纯度大于约99.85％纯度的液体甲醇。 在优选的实施方案中，将H 2 / CO摩尔比为约2.0至约2.5的工艺气体通过中心塞和内管之间的环形热交换体积，然后使气体与催化剂接触，催化剂床在 内管和双管反应器组件的外管，其促进H 2和CO与产物甲醇的直接反应。

    Method for making time-sensitive determinations of traffic intensity for a visitable site
    6.
    发明授权
    Method for making time-sensitive determinations of traffic intensity for a visitable site 失效
    对可访问站点进行交通强度的时间敏感性确定的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06904461B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-06-07

    申请号：US09692701

    申请日：2000-10-19

    申请人： Surjit S. Randhava ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Sikander S. Randhava ,  Scott Erickson ,  Bonnie Shifrin

    发明人： Surjit S. Randhava ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Sikander S. Randhava ,  Scott Erickson ,  Bonnie Shifrin

    IPC分类号： G06F15/173 ,  G06Q30/02

    CPC分类号： G06Q30/02

    摘要： A method and apparatus determines an inbound traffic intensity of a visitable site, wherein the inbound traffic intensity factor is representative of a measure of meaningful visits to a visitable site in a given time period. The inbound traffic intensity factor is determined by obtaining visitor information including the number of visits to the visitable site during the given time period as well as the duration of each visit and using both the number visits and the time spent during each visit to quantify the traffic to the site during the time period.

    摘要翻译： 方法和装置确定可访问站点的入站业务强度，其中入站业务强度因子表示在给定时间段内有意义地访问可访问站点的度量。 通过获取访问者信息来确定入境交通强度因子，包括在给定时间段期间访问可访问站点的次数以及每次访问的持续时间，并且使用访问次数和每次访问期间花费的时间来量化流量 在这段时间内到现场。

    Process for preparing enviromentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils
    7.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing enviromentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils 失效
    通过污染的沉积物和土壤的修复来制备环境稳定的产品的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5803894A

    公开(公告)日：1998-09-08

    申请号：US772780

    申请日：1996-12-24

    申请人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Michael C. Mensinger ,  Amirali G. Rehmat ,  Anthony L. Lee

    发明人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava ,  Michael C. Mensinger ,  Amirali G. Rehmat ,  Anthony L. Lee

    IPC分类号： A62D3/00 ,  A62D3/33 ,  A62D3/38 ,  A62D101/20 ,  A62D101/22 ,  A62D101/24 ,  A62D101/40 ,  A62D101/43 ,  B09B3/00 ,  B09C1/06 ,  C03B5/00 ,  C04B7/24 ,  C04B18/10 ,  C04B18/30

    CPC分类号： A62D3/38 ,  A62D3/33 ,  B09B3/005 ,  B09B3/0066 ,  B09C1/06 ,  B09C1/067 ,  C03B5/005 ,  C04B18/108 ,  C04B7/24 ,  A62D2101/20 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/24 ,  A62D2101/40 ,  A62D2101/43 ,  A62D2203/04 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  Y02P40/145 ,  Y02P40/58 ,  Y02W30/91 ,  Y02W30/92 ,  Y10S106/90

    摘要： This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network. The amorphous material can be pulverized to yield a powder which evinces cementitious properties either by reaction with alkali solution or by blending it with other materials to produce blended cements. The compressive strengths of the concretes made from the powder of the subject invention and blends thereof are comparable to, or greater than the ASTM requirements for general purpose concrete applications. The powder of the subject invention, blended cements, and concrete/mortar derived therefrom also easily pass the EPA TCLP leach test to achieve environmental acceptability.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用有机污染物污染的沉积物和土壤以及随后有益再利用的无机材料的热化学修复和去污。 当某些添加剂如钙和金属氧化物与受污染的材料混合时，产生具有商业价值的新型环境稳定的产品。 在该过程中，将混合物加热至1150℃。将差异1500℃以产生具有至少部分过量氧混合物或空气的熔融反应产物连续鼓泡通过熔体，以提供混合并实现 高热破坏和有机污染物的去除效率。 然后将熔体在潮湿的空气，蒸汽或水中快速淬火，以避免将无定形材料转变成晶体。 将无机污染物如铬，镍，锌等掺入并完全固定在无定形硅酸盐网络内。 可以将无定形材料粉碎以产生通过与碱溶液反应或通过与其它材料混合以产生混合水泥而产生水泥性质的粉末。 由本发明的粉末及其共混物制成的混凝土的抗压强度与通用混凝土应用的ASTM要求相当或更大。 本发明的粉末，混合水泥和由其衍生的混凝土/砂浆也容易通过EPA TCLP浸出试验以达到环境可接受性。

    Methanol production
    8.
    发明授权
    Methanol production 失效
    甲醇生产

    公开(公告)号：US5079267A

    公开(公告)日：1992-01-07

    申请号：US409417

    申请日：1989-09-16

    申请人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava

    发明人： Richard L. Kao ,  Sarabjit S. Randhava ,  Surjit S. Randhava

    IPC分类号： B01J8/06 ,  C07C29/151 ,  C07C29/152

    CPC分类号： B01J8/067 ,  C07C29/1518 ,  B01J2208/00212

    摘要： A process for production of methanol from process gas produced by steam reforming hydrocarbon feedstocks in a tube type reformer followed by removing substantially all CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O from the process gas, adjusting the H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio to about 2 when necessary, and feeding the adjusted process gas to a methanol synthesis reactor contacting a methanol forming catalyst not requiring CO.sub.2 activation at about 200.degree. to about 300.degree. C. to produce product gas comprising methanol, and recovering liquid methanol having purity greater than about 99.85% pure by cooling the product gas to a temperature below the boiling point of methanol and separating the liquid methanol from gaseous components of the product gas. In a preferred embodiment, process gas of H.sub.2 /CO molar ratio of about 2.0 to about 2.5 is passed through an annular thermal exchange volume between a center plug and an inner tube followed by passing the gas in contact with a catalyst in a catalyst bed between the inner tube and an outer tube of a double tube reactor assembly promoting the direct reaction of H.sub.2 and CO to product methanol. An improved double tube reactor having a plurality of inner and outer tube assemblies each of the assemblies having a reaction annular volume between the inner tube and outer tube and a closed center plug within the inner tube forming an annular thermal exchange volume between the center plug and the inner tube.

    摘要翻译： 由管式重整器中的蒸汽重整烃原料生产的工艺气体生产甲醇的方法，随后从工艺气体中基本上除去所有的CO 2和H 2 O，并在必要时将H 2 / CO摩尔比调节至约2， 将工艺气体与甲醇合成反应器接触，甲醇合成反应器在约200℃至约300℃下接触不需要CO 2活化的甲醇形成催化剂以产生包含甲醇的产物气体，并通过冷却产物气体回收纯度大于约99.85％纯度的液体甲醇 到低于甲醇沸点的温度，并将液体甲醇与产物气体的气体组分分离。 在优选的实施方案中，将H 2 / CO摩尔比为约2.0至约2.5的工艺气体通过中心塞和内管之间的环形热交换体积，然后使气体与催化剂接触，催化剂床在 内管和双管反应器组件的外管，其促进H 2和CO与产物甲醇的直接反应。 一种改进的双管反应器，具有多个内管组件和外管组件，每个组件在内管和外管之间具有反应环形体积，内管内的封闭中心塞形成中心塞和中心塞之间的环形热交换体积 内管。