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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5855666A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US773677
申请日：1996-12-24
申请人： Richard L. Kao , Sarabjit S. Randhava , Surjit S. Randhava , Michael C. Mensinger , Amirali G. Rehmat , Anthony L. Lee
发明人： Richard L. Kao , Sarabjit S. Randhava , Surjit S. Randhava , Michael C. Mensinger , Amirali G. Rehmat , Anthony L. Lee
CPC分类号： C04B18/108 , C04B18/026 , Y02W30/91 , Y02W30/92 , Y10S106/90
摘要： This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network. Atmospheric emissions resulting from this process are nontoxic and capable of meeting currently specified health and environmental requirements.The amorphous material can be pulverized to yield a powder which evinces cementitious properties either by reaction with alkali solution or by blending it with other materials to produce blended cements. The compressive strengths of the concretes made from the powder of the subject invention and blends thereof are comparable to, or greater than the ASTM requirements for general purpose concrete applications. The powder of the subject invention, blended cements, and concrete/mortar derived therefrom also easily pass the EPA TCLP leach test to achieve environmental acceptability.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用有机污染物污染的沉积物和土壤以及随后有益再利用的无机材料的热化学修复和去污。 当某些添加剂如钙和金属氧化物与受污染的材料混合时，产生具有商业价值的新型环境稳定的产品。 在该过程中，将混合物加热至1150℃。将差异1500℃以产生具有至少部分过量氧混合物或空气的熔融反应产物连续鼓泡通过熔体，以提供混合并实现 高热破坏和有机污染物的去除效率。 然后将熔体在潮湿的空气，蒸汽或水中快速淬火，以避免将无定形材料转变成晶体。 将无机污染物如铬，镍，锌等掺入并完全固定在无定形硅酸盐网络内。 这个过程产生的大气排放是无毒的，能够达到目前规定的健康和环境要求。 可以将无定形材料粉碎以产生通过与碱溶液反应或通过与其它材料混合以产生混合水泥而产生水泥性质的粉末。 由本发明的粉末及其共混物制成的混凝土的抗压强度与通用混凝土应用的ASTM要求相当或更大。 本发明的粉末，混合水泥和由其衍生的混凝土/砂浆也容易通过EPA TCLP浸出试验以达到环境可接受性。
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2.发明授权Process for preparing enviromentally stable products by the remediation of contaminated sediments and soils 失效通过污染的沉积物和土壤的修复来制备环境稳定的产品的方法
公开(公告)号：US5803894A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-08
申请号：US772780
申请日：1996-12-24
申请人： Richard L. Kao , Sarabjit S. Randhava , Surjit S. Randhava , Michael C. Mensinger , Amirali G. Rehmat , Anthony L. Lee
发明人： Richard L. Kao , Sarabjit S. Randhava , Surjit S. Randhava , Michael C. Mensinger , Amirali G. Rehmat , Anthony L. Lee
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/33 , A62D3/38 , A62D101/20 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/40 , A62D101/43 , B09B3/00 , B09C1/06 , C03B5/00 , C04B7/24 , C04B18/10 , C04B18/30
CPC分类号： A62D3/38 , A62D3/33 , B09B3/005 , B09B3/0066 , B09C1/06 , B09C1/067 , C03B5/005 , C04B18/108 , C04B7/24 , A62D2101/20 , A62D2101/22 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/40 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/04 , A62D2203/10 , Y02P40/145 , Y02P40/58 , Y02W30/91 , Y02W30/92 , Y10S106/90
摘要： This invention relates to thermo-chemical remediation and decontamination of sediments and soils contaminated with organic contaminants as well as inorganic materials with subsequent beneficial reuse. Novel environmentally stable products of commercial value are produced when certain additives such as calcium and metal oxides are mixed with the contaminated materials. In the process, the mixture is heated to 1150.degree. C..about.1500.degree. C. to produce a molten reaction product with at least part of an excess amount of oxygen mixture or air is continuously bubbled through the melt in order to provide mixing and achieve high thermal destruction and removal efficiencies of the organic contaminants. The melt is then quickly quenched in moist air, steam, or water to avoid the transformation of the amorphous material into crystals. The inorganic contaminants such as chromium, nickel, zinc, etc. are incorporated and completely immobilized within the amorphous silicate network. The amorphous material can be pulverized to yield a powder which evinces cementitious properties either by reaction with alkali solution or by blending it with other materials to produce blended cements. The compressive strengths of the concretes made from the powder of the subject invention and blends thereof are comparable to, or greater than the ASTM requirements for general purpose concrete applications. The powder of the subject invention, blended cements, and concrete/mortar derived therefrom also easily pass the EPA TCLP leach test to achieve environmental acceptability.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用有机污染物污染的沉积物和土壤以及随后有益再利用的无机材料的热化学修复和去污。 当某些添加剂如钙和金属氧化物与受污染的材料混合时，产生具有商业价值的新型环境稳定的产品。 在该过程中，将混合物加热至1150℃。将差异1500℃以产生具有至少部分过量氧混合物或空气的熔融反应产物连续鼓泡通过熔体，以提供混合并实现 高热破坏和有机污染物的去除效率。 然后将熔体在潮湿的空气，蒸汽或水中快速淬火，以避免将无定形材料转变成晶体。 将无机污染物如铬，镍，锌等掺入并完全固定在无定形硅酸盐网络内。 可以将无定形材料粉碎以产生通过与碱溶液反应或通过与其它材料混合以产生混合水泥而产生水泥性质的粉末。 由本发明的粉末及其共混物制成的混凝土的抗压强度与通用混凝土应用的ASTM要求相当或更大。 本发明的粉末，混合水泥和由其衍生的混凝土/砂浆也容易通过EPA TCLP浸出试验以达到环境可接受性。
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公开(公告)号：US06410283B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09876325
申请日：2001-06-07
IPC分类号： C12P502
CPC分类号： C12P5/023 , C02F11/04 , C02F11/06 , C02F11/12 , C12M21/04 , C12M43/08 , Y02E50/343 , Y02P20/129 , Y02W10/23 , Y02W10/40
摘要： A method for generating electricity in which sludge is anaerobically digested to form a gas mixture of methane and carbon dioxide and a residue of digested sludge. Water is removed from the digested sludge to form dewatered sludge, which, in turn, is gasified to form a gaseous composition which includes carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The gas mixture containing methane and carbon dioxide produced in the anaerobic digestion step is mixed with the gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the gasification step and burned in an apparatus, such as a micro-turbine, for generating electricity. The non-carbonaceous fraction of the sludge is melted during the gasification step and rendered environmentally benign.
摘要翻译： 一种用于发电的方法，其中污泥被厌氧消化以形成甲烷和二氧化碳的气体混合物和消化污泥的残留物。 从消化的污泥中除去水以形成脱水的污泥，然后将其进一步气化以形成包括一氧化碳和氢气的气态组合物。 将在厌氧消化步骤中产生的含有甲烷和二氧化碳的气体混合物与来自气化步骤的含有氢气和一氧化碳的气体混合物混合，并在诸如微型涡轮机的装置中燃烧以发电。 污泥中的非碳质部分在气化步骤中熔化并使环境友好。
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公开(公告)号：US5876677A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-02
申请号：US637525
申请日：1996-04-25
CPC分类号： C01B17/05 , B01D53/007 , B01D53/52
摘要： A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from gas streams, utilizing liquid redox, including an improved method for preventing build-up of elemental sulfur in a sulfur absorber. Ultrasonic irradiation of one or more portions of the structure of the absorber prevents sulfur build-up. In combination with monitoring of the pressure across the absorber, the freeing of sulfur from surfaces in an absorber can be automatically actuated.
摘要翻译： 一种利用液体氧化还原法从气流中除去硫的方法和装置，包括用于防止硫磺吸收剂中元素硫累积的改进方法。 吸收器结构的一个或多个部分的超声波照射可防止硫的积聚。 结合监测吸收器两端的压力，可以自动启动吸收器中表面释放的硫。
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公开(公告)号：US5958360A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-28
申请号：US19957
申请日：1998-02-06
CPC分类号： B01D53/18 , B01D53/1468 , C01B17/05 , Y10S209/932 , Y10S423/09
摘要： A method and apparatus for contacting a gas and a liquid such as may be utilized in removing sulfur from gas streams, using a liquid redox process, are provided, which prevent or avoid buildup of elemental sulfur in the process equipment by introducing the hydrogen sulfide contaminated gas through a plurality of gas inlets tangentially distributed within the inner wall of the reaction vessel containing a liquid redox scrubbing solution.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于使气体和液体接触的方法和装置，其可以用于使用液体氧化还原方法从气流中除去硫，其通过引入硫化氢污染来防止或避免元素硫在工艺设备中的积累 气体通过切向分布在包含液体氧化还原洗涤溶液的反应容器的内壁内的多个气体入口。
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公开(公告)号：US5866089A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US906078
申请日：1997-08-05
CPC分类号： C01B17/05 , B01D53/007 , B01D53/52
摘要： A method and apparatus for removing sulfur from gas streams, utilizing liquid redox, including an improved method for preventing build-up of elemental sulfur in a sulfur absorber. Ultrasonic irradiation of one or more portions of the structure of the absorber prevents sulfur build-up. In combination with monitoring of the pressure across the absorber, the freeing of sulfur from surfaces in an absorber can be automatically actuated.
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公开(公告)号：US5158449A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US763903
申请日：1991-09-23
CPC分类号： F27B15/00 , F23C10/002 , F23C10/24
摘要： A process and apparatus for thermal agglomeration of high melting temperature ashes in fluidized bed processes is disclosed. Carbonaceous material to be combusted, incinerated or gasified is introduced into a fluidized bed supported on a perforated sloping supported grid through which a fluidizing gas is injected. An upflowing discharge control gas is injected through a density/size solids withdrawal conduit in communication with the base of the perforated sloping support grid. Positioned within the solids withdrawal conduit is a central jet pipe through which fuel and oxidant are injected into the base of the fluidized bed forming a hot temperature zone in which ash melts and agglomerates. Positioned above the perforated sloping support grid and peripherally mounted through the reactor wall are one or more burners through which fuel and oxidant are injected into the fluidized bed forming supplemental hot temperature zones in which ash melts and agglomerates. The temperature of the supplemental hot zones is controlled independent of the bulk-bed temperature of the fluidized bed by the amount of fuel injected through the burners and can be maintained substantially higher than the bulk-bed temperature, thereby enabling the agglomeration of higher melting temperature ashes.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于流化床工艺中高熔点灰分热凝聚的方法和装置。 要燃烧，焚化或气化的碳质材料被引入支撑在穿过倾斜的支撑格栅上的流化床中，流化床通过其注入流化气体。 向上流动的排放控制气体通过与多孔倾斜支撑网格的底部连通的密度/尺寸的固体排出管道注入。 位于固体排出管道内的是中心喷射管，燃料和氧化剂通过该中心喷射管注入流化床的底部，形成灰分熔化和附聚的热温区。 位于穿孔倾斜支撑格栅上方并通过反应器壁外围安装的是一个或多个燃烧器，通过该燃烧器将燃料和氧化剂注入到流化床中，形成灰分熔化和附聚的补充热温区。 补充热区的温度与流化床的体床温度无关，通过燃烧器喷射的燃料量被控制，并且可以保持基本上高于本体床温度，从而能够使较高熔融温度 灰烬
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公开(公告)号：US5243922A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-14
申请号：US923316
申请日：1992-07-31
申请人： Amirali G. Rehmat , Lev Dorfman
发明人： Amirali G. Rehmat , Lev Dorfman
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/56 , C10K1/024 , C10J2300/093 , C10J2300/1606 , C10J2300/165 , C10J2300/1671 , C10J2300/1687 , C10J2300/1807 , Y02E20/18 , Y02P20/13
摘要： A process and apparatus for generating electricity from coal comprising a vertically stacked, three-stage combustor in which a sorbent is calcined in a calciner zone of the combustor and transferred to a carbonizer zone disposed below the calciner zone, coal introduced into the carbonizer zone is carbonized, producing char and spent sorbent, both of which are transferred to a combustor zone disposed below the carbonizer zone, in which the char is combusted at a substoichemetic air-to-coal ratio, producing a fuel gas. The fuel gas is cleaned and combusted in a turbine combustor, producing a flue gas which is introduced into a gas turbine for producing electricity.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从煤发电的方法和装置，包括垂直堆叠的三级燃烧器，其中吸附剂在燃烧器的煅烧炉区域中煅烧并转移到设置在煅烧炉区域下方的碳化器区域，引入碳化器区域的煤是 碳化，生产焦炭和废弃的吸附剂，它们都被转移到设置在碳化器区域下方的燃烧区中，其中焦炭以低分子化的空气 - 煤比燃烧，产生燃料气体。 燃料气体在涡轮机燃烧器中被清洁和燃烧，产生引入燃气轮机以产生电力的烟道气。
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公开(公告)号：US20130119315A1
公开(公告)日：2013-05-16
申请号：US13733492
申请日：2013-01-03
申请人： Amirali G. Rehmat
发明人： Amirali G. Rehmat
IPC分类号： F23L7/00
CPC分类号： C10J3/005 , C01B3/02 , C10J2200/152 , C10J2300/0916 , C10J2300/0946 , F23L7/00 , F27B7/36 , Y10T137/85938
摘要： A rotating air distributor for rotary reactors such as rotary kilns for the gasification of biomass and other carbonaceous materials for efficient mixing and maximum conversion of solid biomass and other carbonaceous materials into synthesis fuel gas is disclosed. The invention includes a gas distribution port comprises of one main supply from which several discharge nozzles emerge at different angles and at different locations along the length of the reactor to provide distribution of gas throughout the intended length of the reactor. The discharge of gas from the gas distribution port is adjusted by the variable position of a plug inside the port that can be adjusted during the operation of the kiln to achieve optimum gas-solid interaction along the length of the reactor. The rotating action of the gas distribution port also facilitates and eases the passage of reacted biomass solid and other carbonaceous material residue through the reactor.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于旋转窑的旋转空气分配器，例如用于气化生物质和其它碳质材料的旋转窑，用于将固体生物质和其它含碳材料有效混合并最大程度地转化为合成燃料气体。 本发明包括一个气体分配端口，其包括一个主要供应源，多个排放喷嘴从反应器的长度以不同的角度出现在不同的位置，从而在反应器的整个预期长度内提供气体分布。 从气体分配口排出的气体是通过可在窑的操作过程中调节的端口内的可变位置来调节的，以实现沿反应器长度的最佳气 - 固相互作用。 气体分配口的旋转动作也有利于并且简化反应的生物质固体和其它碳质材料残余物通过反应器。
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公开(公告)号：US5163374A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-17
申请号：US750197
申请日：1991-08-27
申请人： Amirali G. Rehmat , Mark J. Khinkis
发明人： Amirali G. Rehmat , Mark J. Khinkis
摘要： A process for combustion of hydrocarbonaceous materials containing high levels of sulfur, fuel-bound nitrogen and low levels of ash which inhibits the emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, reduces solid waste disposal, and produces useable by-products. In the first step of the process, the hydrocarbonaceous material is burned in a fluidized bed into which a calcium based sorbent is introduced, producing a mixture of gaseous products of combustion and particulate matter, ash and calcium containing solids. In a second step of the process, the mixture of gaseous products of combustion and particulate matter is completely burned in a cyclonic combustion reactor. In a third step of the process, the ash and calcium-containing solids generated in the fluidized bed are withdrawn from the fluidized bed, cooled and contacted with steam in a regenerator producing calcium hydroxide, ash and unspent sorbent which are recycled to the fluidized bed.
摘要翻译： 含有高含量硫，燃料结合氮和低水平灰分的含烃材料的燃烧过程，其抑制氮和硫的氧化物的排放，减少固体废物处理，并产生可用的副产物。 在该方法的第一步中，烃类物质在流化床中燃烧，其中引入钙基吸附剂，产生燃烧气体产物和颗粒物质，灰分和含钙固体的混合物。 在该方法的第二步骤中，燃烧和颗粒物质的气态产物的混合物在旋风燃烧反应器中完全燃烧。 在该方法的第三步骤中，在流化床中产生的灰分和含钙固体从流化床中排出，冷却并在再生器中与蒸汽接触，产生氢氧化钙，灰分和未使用的吸附剂，再循环到流化床 。
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