摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which (a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and (b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and (c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal, with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
A process for preparing monocarboxylic esters of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cyclo-alkyl acyl, aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 -aralkyl or together --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --,X is methylene, oxygen, sulfur, NH or NR.sup.3,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, andn and m are each from 0 to 8, comprises reacting geminal dicarboxylic esters of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each as defined above, at from 150.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of catalysts.
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which(a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and(b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal.with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
A process for the coproduction of 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD) by treatment of adiponitrile (ADN) with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst at temperatures not below room temperature and elevated hydrogen partial pressure in the presence or absence of a solvent comprises, after the conversion based on ADN and/or the selectivity based on ACN has or have dropped below a defined value(a) interrupting the treatment of ADN with hydrogen by stopping the feed of ADN and of the solvent, if used,(b) treating the catalyst at from 150 to 400.degree. C. with hydrogen using a hydrogen pressure within the range from 0.1 to 30 MPa and a treatment time within the range from 2 to 48 h, and(c) then continuing the hydrogenation of ADN with the treated catalyst of stage (b).
摘要:
Manufacture of 6-aminocapronitrile or 6-aminocapronitrile/hexamethylene diamine mixtures, involving a) the reaction of at least one pentennitrile, selected from the group consisting of 2,3 and 4-pentennitrile with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of catalysts, which contain at least one element of the eighth subgroup as active components, obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), b) the optional separation of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the catalyst from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I), obtaining a hydrogenation formylating discharge (II), c) the separation of 5-formyl valeronitrile from the hydrogenation formylating discharge (I) or (II), d) the reaction of separated 5-formyl valeronitrile with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of hydrogenating catalysts, selected from the group consisting of rhenium, copper and its compounds as well as metals and metallic compounds of the eighth group, obtaining a hydrogenation discharge, and e) obtaining 6-aminocapronitrile and if necessary hexamethylene diamine.
摘要:
A process for the coproduction of 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD) by treatment of adiponitrile (ADN) with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst at temperatures not below room temperature and elevated hydrogen partial pressure in the presence or absence of a solvent comprises, after the conversion based on ADN and/or the selectivity based on ACN has or have dropped below a defined value (a) interrupting the treatment of ADN with hydrogen by stopping the feed of ADN and of the solvent, if used, (b) treating the catalyst at from 150.degree. to 400.degree. C. with hydrogen using a hydrogen pressure within the range from 0.1 to 30 MPa and a treatment time within the range from 2 to 48 h, and (c) then continuing the hydrogenation of ADN with the treated catalyst of stage (b).
摘要:
A process for preparing aldehydes of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined together to form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered cycloaliphatic ring, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, phenoxy, methylamino, dimethylamino or halogen, and R.sup.1 is additionally hydroxyl or amino comprises reacting a carboxylic acid or ester of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each as defined above, and R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl, with hydrogen in the gas phase at temperatures from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and pressures from 0.1 to 20 bar in the presence of a catalyst whose catalytically active mass comprises from 60 to 99.9% by weight of zirconium oxide and from 0.1 to 40% by weight of one or more elements of the lanthanides.
摘要:
A process for preparing tetrahydropyran-4-carboxylic acid and its esters of the formula I ##STR1## (R=H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -alkylphenyl and C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl) by reacting 2,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione II ##STR2## with water or alcohols IIIR--OH (III),in the presence of acidic catalysts at from 150.degree. to 350.degree. C. and from 0.01 to 100 bar.
摘要:
Aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic .alpha.,.omega.-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst, by a process in which the catalyst used is obtainable by thermal decomposition of a metal compound selected from the group consisting of metal carbonyl compounds, metal salts of C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids and C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -dicarboxylic acids and metal complexes with diketones to give the corresponding metal and/or a metal oxide thereof, with the proviso that the metal used is nickel or cobalt.