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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07136158B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-14
申请号：US10865651
申请日：2004-06-10
IPC分类号： G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/474 , G01N21/951 , G01N21/9515
摘要： Apparatus for observing and measuring in realtime surface and subsurface characteristics of objects having complex shapes includes an optical fiber bundle having first and second opposed ends. The first end includes a linear array of fibers, where the ends of adjacent fibers are in contact and are aligned perpendicular to the surface of the object being studied. The second ends of some of the fibers are in the form of a polished ferrule forming a multi-fiber optical waveguide for receiving laser light. The second ends of the remaining fibers are formed into a linear array suitable for direct connection to a detector, such as a linear CMOS-based optical detector. The output data is analyzed using digital signal processing for the detection of anomalies such as cracks, voids, inclusions and other defects.
摘要翻译： 用于观察和测量具有复杂形状的物体的实时表面和地下特性的装置包括具有第一和第二相对端的光纤束。 第一端包括线性阵列的纤维，其中相邻纤维的端部接触并垂直于被研究物体的表面对准。 一些纤维的第二端是形成用于接收激光的多光纤光波导的抛光套圈的形式。 剩余光纤的第二端形成为适合直接连接到诸如基于线性CMOS的光学检测器的检测器的线性阵列。 使用数字信号处理对输出数据进行分析，以检测诸如裂纹，空隙，夹杂物和其他缺陷的异常。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06517236B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09784597
申请日：2001-02-15
IPC分类号： G01N2572
CPC分类号： G01N25/72
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for automated non-destructive evaluation (NDE) thermal imaging tests of combustor liners and other products. The apparatus for automated NDE thermal imaging testing of a sample includes a flash lamp positioned at a first side of the sample. An infrared camera is positioned near a second side of the sample. A linear positioning system supports the sample. A data acquisition and processing computer is coupled to the flash lamp for triggering the flash lamp. The data acquisition and processing computer is coupled to the infrared camera for acquiring and processing image data. The data acquisition and processing computer is coupled to the linear positioning system for positioning the sample for sequentially acquiring image data.
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3.发明授权Optical method and apparatus for detection of surface and near-subsurface defects in dense ceramics 失效用于检测致密陶瓷表面和近地下缺陷的光学方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5426506A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-20
申请号：US36320
申请日：1993-03-22
CPC分类号： G01N21/88 , G01N2021/178 , G01N2021/1782 , G01N2021/4792 , G01N2021/8887 , G01N2201/103
摘要： A laser is used in a non-destructive manner to detect surface and near-subsurface defects in dense ceramics and particularly in ceramic bodies with complex shapes such as ceramic bearings, turbine blades, races, and the like. The laser's wavelength is selected based upon the composition of the ceramic sample and the laser can be directed on the sample while the sample is static or in dynamic rotate or translate motion. Light is scattered off surface and subsurface defects using a preselected polarization. The change in polarization angle is used to select the depth and characteristics of surface/subsurface defects. The scattered light is detected by an optical train consisting of a charge coupled device (CCD), or vidicon, television camera which, in turn, is coupled to a video monitor and a computer for digitizing the image. An analyzing polarizer in the optical train allows scattered light at a given polarization angle to be observed for enhancing sensitivity to either surface or near-subsurface defects. Application of digital image processing allows subtraction of digitized images in near real-time providing enhanced sensitivity to subsurface defects. Storing known "feature masks" of identified defects in the computer and comparing the detected scatter pattern (Fourier images) with the stored feature masks allows for automatic classification of detected defects.
摘要翻译： 以非破坏性的方式使用激光来检测致密陶瓷中的表面和近地下缺陷，特别是陶瓷轴承，涡轮叶片，种类等复杂形状的陶瓷体。 基于陶瓷样品的组成选择激光器的波长，并且可以在样品静态或动态旋转或平移运动时将激光器定向在样品上。 光被预选的极化散射在表面和地下缺陷之外。 偏振角的变化用于选择表面/地下缺陷的深度和特征。 散射光通过由电荷耦合器件（CCD）或视频摄像机组成的光学系统来检测，电视摄像机又连接到视频监视器和用于数字化图像的计算机。 光学列车中的分析偏振器允许观察到给定偏振角的散射光，以增强对表面或近地下缺陷的敏感性。 数字图像处理的应用允许近实时地减少数字化图像，提供对地下缺陷的增强的灵敏度。 在计算机中存储已识别缺陷的已知“特征掩模”，并将检测到的散射图（傅立叶图像）与存储的特征掩模进行比较，可以自动分类检测到的缺陷。
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公开(公告)号：US5153516A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-06
申请号：US581957
申请日：1990-09-13
CPC分类号： G01R33/4816 , G01R33/30 , G01R33/54 , G01R33/3607
摘要： An apparatus for use with a solid-state NMR spectrometer includes a special imaging probe with linear, high-field strength gradient fields and high-power broadband RF coils using a back projection method for data acquisition and image reconstruction, and a real-time pulse programmer adaptable for use by a conventional computer for complex high speed pulse sequences.
摘要翻译： 用于固态NMR光谱仪的设备包括具有线性，高场强度梯度场的特殊成像探针和使用用于数据采集和图像重构的反投影方法的高功率宽带RF线圈，以及实时脉冲 编程器适用于常规计算机用于复杂高速脉冲序列。
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5.发明授权Optical method and apparatus for detection of defects and microstructural changes in ceramics and ceramic coatings 失效用于检测陶瓷和陶瓷涂层中的缺陷和微结构变化的光学方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06285449B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-04
申请号：US09330727
申请日：1999-06-11
IPC分类号： G01N2100
CPC分类号： G01N21/8851 , G01N21/8422 , G01N21/95
摘要： Apparatus detects defects and microstructural changes in hard translucent materials such as ceramic bulk compositions and ceramic coatings such as after use under load conditions. The beam from a tunable laser is directed onto the sample under study and light reflected by the sample is directed to two detectors, with light scattered with a small scatter angle directed to a first detector and light scattered with a larger scatter angle directed to a second detector for monitoring the scattering surface. The sum and ratio of the two detector outputs respectively provide a gray-scale, or “sum” image, and an indication of the lateral spread of the subsurface scatter, or “ratio” image. This two detector system allows for very high speed crack detection for on-line, real-time inspection of damage in ceramic components. Statistical image processing using a digital image processing approach allows for the quantative discrimination of the presence and distribution of small flaws in a sample while improving detection reliability. The tunable laser allows for the penetration of the sample to detect defects from the sample's surface to the laser's maximum depth of penetration. A layered optical fiber directs the incoming laser beam to the sample and transmits each scattered signal to a respective one of the two detectors.
摘要翻译： 设备检测硬质半透明材料如陶瓷本体组合物和陶瓷涂层（例如在负载条件下使用后）的缺陷和微结构变化。 来自可调谐激光器的光束被引导到研究中的样品上，并且由样品反射的光被引导到两个检测器，其中散射的光以相对于第一检测器的小的散射角散射，并且以更大的散射角散射的光被引导到第二检测器 用于监测散射表面的检测器。 两个检测器输出的总和和比率分别提供灰度或“和”图像，以及地下散射或“比率”图像的横向扩展的指示。 这种两个检测器系统允许非常高速的裂纹检测在线，实时检测陶瓷部件的损坏。 使用数字图像处理方法的统计图像处理允许在提高检测可靠性的同时对样本中小缺陷的存在和分布进行定量鉴别。 可调谐激光器允许样品的穿透以检测从样品表面到激光器的最大穿透深度的缺陷。 分层光纤将输入的激光束引导到样本，并将每个散射信号发送到两个检测器中的相应的一个。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20090019937A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-22
申请号：US11779677
申请日：2007-07-18
IPC分类号： G01N29/00
CPC分类号： G01N29/262 , G01N29/041 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/265 , G01N2291/2696
摘要： An automated scanning system and method, utilizing specialized dual phased array ultrasonic transducers for producing and detecting Rayleigh waves in ceramic bearing balls are provided for nondestructive, non-contact inspection of ceramic bearing balls. The phased array ultrasonic transducer utilizes a complex curvature configuration that enables the dual phased array ultrasonic transducers to focus ultrasonic energy onto the ball to optimally generate and receive Rayleigh wave signals in the spherical objects.
摘要翻译： 提供陶瓷轴承球的非破坏性，非接触式检测的自动扫描系统和方法，利用专用的双相相位阵列超声波换能器来生产和检测陶瓷轴承滚珠中的瑞利波。 相控阵超声波换能器利用复杂的曲率配置，使得双相相位阵列超声波换能器将超声能量聚焦到球上，以最佳地生成和接收球形物体中的瑞利波信号。
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7.发明授权Method for producing three-dimensional real image using radiographic perspective views of an object 失效使用物体的放射照相透视图生成三维真实图像的方法
公开(公告)号：US3940619A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-24
申请号：US474591
申请日：1974-05-30
摘要： A sequence of separate radiographs are made by indexing a radiation source along a known path relative to the object under study. Thus, each radiograph contains information from a different perspective. A holographically-recorded image is then made from each radiographic perspective by exact re-tracing of the rays through each radiographic perspective such that the re-tracing duplicates the geometry under which it was originally prepared. The holographically-stored images are simultaneously illuminated with the conjugate of the reference beam used in the original recordings. The result is the generation of a three-dimensional real image of the object such that a light-sensitive device can be moved to view the real image along any desired surface with the optical information in all other surfaces greatly suppressed.
摘要翻译： 通过沿着相对于被研究对象的已知路径对辐射源进行索引来制作单独X射线照片序列。 因此，每张X光片包含来自不同视角的信息。 然后，通过每个射线照相透视图的准确重新跟踪，从每个射线照相角度制作全息记录的图像，使得重新跟踪与原始准备的几何重复。 全息存储的图像同时用原始记录中使用的参考光束的共轭来照亮。 结果是产生物体的三维真实图像，使得感光装置可以沿着任何期望的表面移动以观察实际图像，其中所有其它表面中的光学信息被大大抑制。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07617733B2
公开(公告)日：2009-11-17
申请号：US11779677
申请日：2007-07-18
IPC分类号： G01N29/00
CPC分类号： G01N29/262 , G01N29/041 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/265 , G01N2291/2696
摘要： An automated scanning system and method, utilizing specialized dual phased array ultrasonic transducers for producing and detecting Rayleigh waves in ceramic bearing balls are provided for nondestructive, non-contact inspection of ceramic bearing balls. The phased array ultrasonic transducer utilizes a complex curvature configuration that enables the dual phased array ultrasonic transducers to focus ultrasonic energy onto the ball to optimally generate and receive Rayleigh wave signals in the spherical objects.
摘要翻译： 提供陶瓷轴承球的非破坏性，非接触式检测的自动扫描系统和方法，利用专用的双相相位阵列超声波换能器来生产和检测陶瓷轴承滚珠中的瑞利波。 相控阵超声波换能器利用复杂的曲率配置，使得双相相位阵列超声波换能器将超声能量聚焦到球上，以最佳地生成和接收球形物体中的瑞利波信号。
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9.发明授权Process for controlling flow rate of viscous materials including use of a nozzle with changeable opening 失效用于控制粘性材料的流速的方法，包括使用具有可变开口的喷嘴
公开(公告)号：US5975493A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US926941
申请日：1997-09-10
CPC分类号： F16K3/03 , B29C41/36 , B29C31/042 , B29C41/52 , B29C67/0051
摘要： Apparatus and a method for controlling the flow rate of viscous materials through a nozzle includes an apertured main body and an apertured end cap coupled together and having an elongated, linear flow channel extending the length thereof. An end of the main body is disposed within the end cap and includes a plurality of elongated slots concentrically disposed about and aligned with the flow channel. A generally flat cam plate having a center aperture is disposed between the main body and end cap and is rotatable about the flow channel. A plurality of flow control vane assemblies are concentrically disposed about the flow channel and are coupled to the cam plate. Each vane assembly includes a vane element disposed adjacent the end of the flow channel. Rotation of the cam plate in a first direction causes a corresponding rotation of each of the vane elements for positioning the individual vane elements over the aperture in the end cap blocking flow through the flow channel, while rotation in an opposite direction removes the vane elements from the aperture and positions them about the flow channel in a nested configuration in the full open position, with a continuous range of vane element positions available between the full open and closed positions.
摘要翻译： 用于控制通过喷嘴的粘性材料的流速的装置和方法包括连接在一起的有孔主体和有孔端盖，并且具有延伸其长度的细长的线性流动通道。 主体的端部设置在端盖内，并且包括多个细长槽，其同心地布置在流动通道周围并与流动通道对准。 具有中心孔的大致平坦的凸轮板设置在主体和端盖之间，并可围绕流动通道旋转。 多个流量控制叶片组件围绕流动通道同心地设置并联接到凸轮板。 每个叶片组件包括邻近流动通道的端部设置的叶片元件。 凸轮板在第一方向的旋转导致每个叶片元件的相应旋转，用于将各个叶片元件定位在端帽中的孔上，阻止流过流动通道的流动，同时沿相反方向的旋转将叶片元件从 孔径并将它们围绕流动通道定位在处于完全打开位置的嵌套构造中，具有在完全打开和关闭位置之间可用的叶片元件位置的连续范围。
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公开(公告)号：US5689332A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-18
申请号：US713833
申请日：1996-09-13
申请人： William A. Ellingson , Jiangang Sun
发明人： William A. Ellingson , Jiangang Sun
IPC分类号： G01N21/952 , G01N21/00 , G01J4/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/952
摘要： Apparatus for the automated real-time detection and classification of defects during the machining of ceramic components employs an elastic optical scattering technique using polarized laser light. A ceramic specimen is continuously moved while being machined. Polarized laser light is directed onto the ceramic specimen surface at a fixed position just aft of the machining tool for examination of the newly machined surface. Any foreign material near the location of the laser light on the ceramic specimen is cleared by an air blast. As the specimen is moved, its surface is continuously scanned by the polarized laser light beam to provide a two-dimensional image presented in real-time on a video display unit, with the motion of the ceramic specimen synchronized with the data acquisition speed. By storing known "feature masks" representing various surface and sub-surface defects and comparing measured defects with the stored feature masks, detected defects may be automatically characterized. Using multiple detectors, various types of defects may be detected and classified.
摘要翻译： 用于在陶瓷部件加工期间自动实时检测和分类缺陷的装置采用使用偏振激光的弹性光散射技术。 陶瓷样品在加工时连续移动。 极化激光在加工工具的后方的固定位置被引导到陶瓷样品表面上，用于检查新加工的表面。 在陶瓷样品上的激光位置附近的任何异物都被鼓风清除。 当样品移动时，其表面被偏振激光束连续扫描，以提供在视频显示单元上实时呈现的二维图像，陶瓷样品的运动与数据采集速度同步。 通过存储表示各种表面和子表面缺陷的已知“特征掩模”，并将测量的缺陷与存储的特征掩模进行比较，可以自动表征检测到的缺陷。 使用多个检测器，可以检测和分类各种类型的缺陷。
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