摘要:
A powertrain control selects engine operating points in accordance with power loss minimization controls. Power loss contributions come from a variety of sources including engine power losses. Engine power losses are determined in accordance with engine operating metrics such as power production per unit fuel consumption and power production per unit emission production. Engine power losses are combined in accordance with assigned weighting into a single engine power loss term for use in the power loss minimization control and operating point selection.
摘要:
An energy storage system determined to be at an operating point indicative of incipient threat to its condition is permitted to continue power flow for a duration that is a function of the state of charge before a diagnosis of a critical state of charge condition is rendered. If the state of charge returns to an acceptable region before the duration expires, no diagnosis of a critical state of charge condition is rendered. Generally, the duration increases as the state of charge trends toward the region of acceptable state of charge and decreases as the state of charge trends away from the region of acceptable state of charge.
摘要:
Preferred operating points for a vehicle powertrain including an engine and a transmission are determined in accordance with a comprehensive operational mapping of input and output conditions and corresponding aggregate system losses corresponding to engine and transmission losses. In a hybrid transmission application, additional losses from motors and batteries are aggregated into the system losses and battery constraints are considered in determining preferred operating points.
摘要:
Provided are 1-aryl-5-alkyl pyrazole compounds, of formula (I): wherein: R1 is hydrogen, cyano, halogen, R8, formyl, —C(O)R8, —C(O)OR8, —C(O)NR9R10, or —C(S)NH2; R2 is R2 or —S(O)mR11; R3 is methyl, ethyl or C1-C4 haloalkyl; R4, R5 and R7 are independently hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano or nitro; R6 is halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyloxy, cyano, nitro, —C(O)R12, —S(O)nR12 or SF5; Z is a nitrogen atom or C—R13; R8 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or halocycloalkyl; R9 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxy; R10 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkoxy; R11 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl or cycloalkyl; R12 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R13 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy; m is 0, 1 or 2; and n is 0, 1 or 2; or a salt thereof, the method of making compounds of formula (I) and the use of these compounds against ectoparasites, endoparasites and pests.
摘要翻译:提供式(I)的1-芳基-5-烷基吡唑化合物:其中:R 1是氢,氰基,卤素,R 8,甲酰基,-C (O)R 8,-C(O)OR 8,-C(O)NR 9 R 10 >或-C(S)NH 2; R 2是R 2或-S(O)m R 11; R 3是甲基,乙基或C 1 -C 4卤代烷基; R 4,R 5和R 7独立地是氢,卤素,烷基,卤代烷基,氰基或硝基; R 6是卤素,烷基,卤代烷基,烷氧基,卤代烷氧基,氰基,硝基,-C(O)R 12,-S(O) R 12或SF 5; Z是氮原子或C-R 13; R 8是烷基,卤代烷基,环烷基或卤代环烷基; R 9是氢,烷基,卤代烷基或烷氧基; R 10是氢,烷基,卤代烷基或烷氧基; R 11是烷基,卤代烷基,烯基,卤代烯基,炔基,卤代炔基或环烷基; R 12是烷基或卤代烷基; R 13是氢,卤素,氰基,硝基,烷基,卤代烷基,烷氧基或卤代烷氧基; m为0,1或2; 且n为0,1或2; 或其盐,制备式(I)化合物的方法以及这些化合物对外寄生虫,内寄生虫和害虫的用途。
摘要:
A preferred input torque for a hybrid powertrain is determined within a solution space of feasible input torques in accordance with a plurality of powertrain system constraints that results in a minimum overall powertrain system loss. System power losses and battery utilization costs are calculated at feasible input torques and a solution for the input torque corresponding to the minimum total powertrain system loss is converged upon to determine the preferred input torque.
摘要:
Preferred operating points for a vehicle powertrain including an engine and a transmission are determined in accordance with a comprehensive operational mapping of input and output conditions and corresponding aggregate system losses corresponding to engine and transmission losses. In a hybrid transmission application, additional losses from motors and batteries are aggregated into the system losses and battery constraints are considered in determining preferred operating points. Preferred operating points are provided in one or more sets of minimized data for on-vehicle implementation.
摘要:
A preferred input torque for a hybrid powertrain is determined within a solution space of feasible input torques in accordance with a plurality of powertrain system constraints that results in a minimum overall powertrain system loss. System power losses and battery utilization costs are calculated at feasible input torques and a solution for the input torque corresponding to the minimum total powertrain system loss is converged upon to determine the preferred input torque.
摘要:
A hybrid electric vehicle has an energy storage system including one or more batteries. Battery service life is managed by establishing an amp-hour throughput budget and limiting battery current substantially to the budget.
摘要:
A method for determining a preferred operating gradient for use in attaining a life objective for an electrical energy storage device is disclosed. A present state-of-life of the electrical energy storage device is provided and a life target for the electrical energy storage device is established as a predetermined limit in a predetermined metric at a predetermined state-of-life of the electrical energy storage device. A state-of-life gradient is then determined with respect to the predetermined metric which converges the state-of-life of the electrical energy storage device to the life target.
摘要:
A vehicle propulsion system includes an internal combustion engine having an engine output, an electromechanical transmission and a control system. The engine output is coupled to the transmission output at a speed ratio which is established by one of a plurality of electrically variable or fixed operating modes. Selection and control among the various operating modes is managed by a control in accordance with preferred optimum operating costs.