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    Mass spectrometer for both positive and negative particle detection
    1.
    发明授权
    Mass spectrometer for both positive and negative particle detection 有权
    质谱仪用于检测正和负的粒子

    公开(公告)号：US06979818B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-12-27

    申请号：US10860776

    申请日：2004-06-03

    申请人： Adi A. Scheidemann ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Mark Wadsworth ,  Eustathios Vassiliou

    发明人： Adi A. Scheidemann ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Mark Wadsworth ,  Eustathios Vassiliou

    IPC分类号： H01F7/02 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J49/10 ,  H01J49/20 ,  H01J49/32 ,  H01J37/244

    CPC分类号： H01J49/30 ,  H01J49/0095 ,  H01J49/20

    摘要： A mass spectrometer suitable to measure both positive and negative particles, such as ions for example in a vacuum chamber. This spectrometer is provided with a turnable permanent magnet segment, which provides the gap of a yoke with adequate magnetic flux having the appropriate direction to separate the positive or the negative particles. Changing the polarity adjusts the flight path of the ions. Thus, negatively charged ions and positively charged ions will follow similar flight paths under opposite polarities, permitting the use of a single array of detectors. One or more coils may be used in place of or in addition to the turnable permanent magnet segment in order to provide the appropriate magnetic flux to the gap, and/or facilitate the turning process of the turnable magnet segment. The turnable magnet and/or the coils may be inside or outside the vacuum chamber. The detector may comprise at least one detector area, two charge mode amplifiers coupled to the detector area, a first CCD shift register coupled to a first one of the charge mode amplifiers and a second CCD shift register coupled to a second one of the charge mode amplifiers.

    摘要翻译： 适用于测量正，负颗粒的质谱仪，例如在真空室中的离子。 该光谱仪设置有可转动永磁体段，其提供具有适当方向的足够磁通量的磁轭的间隙以分离正或负的颗粒。 改变极性调整离子的飞行路径。 因此，带负电荷的离子和带正电荷的离子将在相反的极性下遵循相似的飞行路径，允许使用单个检测器阵列。 可以使用一个或多个线圈代替可转动永久磁铁段或除了可转动永磁体段之外，以便向间隙提供适当的磁通量和/或便于可转动磁体段的转动过程。 可转动磁体和/或线圈可以在真空室的内部或外部。 检测器可以包括至少一个检测器区域，耦合到检测器区域的两个充电模式放大器，耦合到第一个充电模式放大器的第一CCD移位寄存器和耦合到充电模式中的第二个的第二CCD移位寄存器 放大器

    Focal plane detector assembly of a mass spectrometer
    2.
    发明授权
    Focal plane detector assembly of a mass spectrometer 有权
    焦平面检测器组合的质谱仪

    公开(公告)号：US07550722B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-06-23

    申请号：US11073426

    申请日：2005-03-04

    申请人： Adi A. Scheidemann ,  Gottfried P. Kibelka ,  Clare R. Long ,  Mark W. Dassel

    发明人： Adi A. Scheidemann ,  Gottfried P. Kibelka ,  Clare R. Long ,  Mark W. Dassel

    IPC分类号： H01J49/32

    CPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  G01N30/7206 ,  H01J49/025 ,  H01J49/322 ,  H01J49/48

    摘要： A focal plane detector assembly of a mass spectrometer includes an ion detector configured to detect ions crossing a focal plane of the spectrometer and an electrically conductive mesh lying in a plane parallel to the focal plane, positioned such that ions exiting a magnet of the mass spectrometer pass through the mesh before contacting the ion detector. The mesh is maintained at a low voltage potential, relative to a circuit ground, which shields ions passing through the magnet from high voltage charges from other devices, such as microchannel plate electron multipliers. The mesh may be mounted directly to the magnet or positioned some distance away. The detector array may include any suitable device, including a faraday cup detector array, a strip charge detector array, or a CCD detector array.

    摘要翻译： 质谱仪的焦平面检测器组件包括离子检测器，其被配置为检测与光谱仪的焦平面交叉的离子和位于平行于焦平面的平面中的导电网，定位成使离子离开质谱仪的磁体 在接触离子检测器之前通过网格。 网格相对于电路接地保持在低电压电位，其屏蔽通过磁体的离子从其他器件（例如微通道板电子倍增器）的高电压电荷。 网格可以直接安装在磁铁上或者放置一些距离。 检测器阵列可以包括任何合适的装置，包括法拉第杯检测器阵列，带状电荷检测器阵列或CCD检测器阵列。

    Methods of extracting catalyst from a reaction mixture in the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods of extracting catalyst from a reaction mixture in the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid 失效
    从环己烷氧化成己二酸的反应混合物中提取催化剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06433220B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

    申请号：US09345572

    申请日：1999-06-30

    申请人： Douglas J. Dudgeon ,  David C. DeCoster ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Ader M. Rostami

    发明人： Douglas J. Dudgeon ,  David C. DeCoster ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Ader M. Rostami

    IPC分类号： C07C5131

    CPC分类号： C07C51/313 ,  C07C51/42 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  C07C55/14

    摘要： This invention relates to methods of controlling the oxidation of cyclohexane to adipic acid in the presence of a monobasic acid solvent, by extracting the catalyst from the reaction mixture, outside the reaction zone. Substantially all the unreacted cyclohexane, the majority of adipic acid, and preferably substantially all the monobasic acid solvent are removed from the reaction product. In the case that substantially all the monobasic acid solvent is removed, protic solvent, is added intermittently or continuously in the reaction mixture during the removal of the monobasic acid solvent, preferably by distillation, thus preventing solids precipitation. Dipolar aprotic solvent is then added in the presence of an adequate amount of the protic solvent (the total of dipolar aprotic solvent and the protic solvent constituting a novel combination solvent) to maintain a single liquid phase, followed by a step of extracting substantially all the catalyst in protic solvent. The catalyst extract is preferably recycled to the reaction zone, where the cyclohexane is oxidized to adipic acid. Thus, the novel combination solvent, which is preferably a combination of cyclohexanone with water, allows the dissolution of the reaction product, preferably after removal of the majority of the adipic acid, followed by a substantially complete extraction of the catalyst in water. No catalyst precipitation takes place, and all disadvantages and costs of solids handling are prevented.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在一元酸溶剂存在下，通过在反应区外反萃取催化剂，控制环己烷氧化成己二酸的方法。 基本上所有未反应的环己烷，大多数己二酸，优选基本上全部的一元酸溶剂从反应产物中除去。 在去除基本上所有的一元酸溶剂的情况下，优选通过蒸馏除去一元酸溶剂，在反应混合物中间歇地或连续地添加质子性溶剂，从而防止固体沉淀。 然后在足够量的质子溶剂（总计偶极非质子溶剂和构成新的组合溶剂的质子溶剂）的存在下加入偶极非质子溶剂以维持单一的液相，随后将基本上所有的 催化剂在质子溶剂中。 催化剂提取物优选循环至反应区，其中环己烷被氧化成己二酸。 因此，优选环己酮与水的组合的新型组合溶剂允许反应产物溶解，优选在除去大部分己二酸之后，然后在水中基本上完全提取催化剂。 没有发生催化剂沉淀，并且防止了固体处理的所有缺点和成本。

    Methods and devices for controlling the reaction rate and/or reactivity of hydrocarbon to an intermediate oxidation product by adjusting the oxidant consumption rate
    4.
    发明授权
    Methods and devices for controlling the reaction rate and/or reactivity of hydrocarbon to an intermediate oxidation product by adjusting the oxidant consumption rate 失效
    通过调节氧化剂消耗速率来控制烃与中间氧化产物的反应速率和/或反应性的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06288274B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-09-11

    申请号：US09253172

    申请日：1999-02-19

    申请人： David C. DeCoster ,  Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Sharon M. Aldrich ,  Ader M. Rostami

    发明人： David C. DeCoster ,  Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Sharon M. Aldrich ,  Ader M. Rostami

    IPC分类号： C07C5131

    CPC分类号： C07C51/313 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/00069 ,  B01J2219/00074 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  C07C55/14

    摘要： Methods and devices for controlling the reaction rate and/or reactivity of a hydrocarbon to an intermediate oxidation product, such as an acid, within predetermined limits, are disclosed. Control of the reaction rate and/or reactivity within predetermined limits is achieved by monitoring and controlling the oxidant consumption rate. According to the present invention, examples of ways to determine the oxidant consumption rate include, but are not limited to, monitoring the flow rates of incoming and outgoing oxidant, monitoring pressure differentials after temporarily ceasing entry and exit of gases, and monitoring the flow rates of incoming and outgoing gases, and monitoring the rates of incoming and outgoing hydrocarbon. The methods and devices of the present invention are particularly advantageous in the case that the hydrocarbon is cyclohexane, the intermediate oxidation product is adipic acid, the solvent is acetic acid, the catalyst is cobalt (II) acetate tetrahydrate, and the initiator or promoter is cyclohexane, or acetaldehyde, or a mixture of thereof.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于在预定限度内控制烃与中间氧化产物（例如酸）​​的反应速率和/或反应性的方法和装置。 通过监测和控制氧化剂消耗速率来实现在预定限度内控制反应速率和/或反应活性。 根据本发明，确定氧化剂消耗速率的方法的实例包括但不限于监测进出氧化剂的流量，监测临时停止气体进入和排出之后的压力差，以及监测流量 的进出气体，以及监测进出碳氢化合物的速率。 本发明的方法和装置在烃是环己烷，中间体氧化产物是己二酸，溶剂是乙酸，催化剂是四水合钴（II））的情况下是特别有利的，引发剂或促进剂是 环己烷或乙醛，或其混合物。

    Methods of making intermediate oxidation products by controlling transient conversion in an atomized liquid
    5.
    发明授权
    Methods of making intermediate oxidation products by controlling transient conversion in an atomized liquid 失效
    通过控制雾化液体中的瞬时转化来制备中间氧化产物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5502245A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-26

    申请号：US477234

    申请日：1995-06-07

    申请人： Mark W. Dassel ,  Eustathios Vassiliou

    发明人： Mark W. Dassel ,  Eustathios Vassiliou

    IPC分类号： B01J19/24 ,  C07B33/00 ,  C07B41/00 ,  C07C51/16

    CPC分类号： C07B41/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  C07B33/00 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  Y02P20/582

    摘要： Methods of making intermediate oxidation products by atomizing a first liquid containing a reactant into a gas containing an oxidant in a manner to form an intermediate oxidation product different than carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide. The oxidation is controlled by monitoring the transient conversion (conversion taking place in the time interval between the formation of the droplets and their coalescence into a mass of liquid) of first reactant to oxidation product just before the droplets coalesce into a mass of a second liquid.

    摘要翻译： 通过将含有反应物的第一液体雾化成含有氧化剂的气体以形成不同于一氧化碳和/或二氧化碳的中间氧化产物的方法制备中间氧化产物的方法。 通过在液滴聚结成质量的第二液体之前监测第一反应物与氧化产物的瞬时转化（在液滴的形成和其聚结成大量液体之间的时间间隔内发生的转化）的控制， 。

    Methods for treating cobalt catalyst in oxidation mixtures resulting from oxidation of hydrocarbons to dibasic acids
    6.
    发明授权
    Methods for treating cobalt catalyst in oxidation mixtures resulting from oxidation of hydrocarbons to dibasic acids 失效
    在由烃氧化成二元酸产生的氧化混合物中处理钴催化剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06232495B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

    申请号：US09245157

    申请日：1999-02-04

    申请人： Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Ader M. Rostami ,  Douglas J. Dudgeon ,  David C. DeCoster

    发明人： Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Ader M. Rostami ,  Douglas J. Dudgeon ,  David C. DeCoster

    IPC分类号： C07C5131

    CPC分类号： C07C51/313 ,  Y02P20/584 ,  C07C55/14

    摘要： This invention relates to methods and reactor devices for controlling the oxidation of hydrocarbons to dibasic acids, in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a monobasic acid, such as acetic acid, by treating the catalyst from the reaction mixture, outside the oxidation zone, after the oxidation has taken place at least partially. In one preferred embodiment, the catalyst is reduced to contain, preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, cobalt ions in valence II, and at least partially precipitated by de-watering and/or thermal treatment. In a different preferred embodiment, the catalyst in the reaction mixture is first oxidized or maintained, preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, at valence III, the reaction mixture is de-watered, the catalyst is reduced, preferably predominantly and more preferably substantially, to valence II, causing precipitation either spontaneously at a predetermined temperature or after further thermal treatment. The precipitated catalyst is preferably recycled directly or indirectly.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在钴催化剂和一元酸如乙酸的存在下，通过在氧化区之外处理来自反应混合物的催化剂，在氧化区外处理催化剂，在氧化区外处理碳酸氢盐氧化成二元酸的方法和反应器装置 氧化至少部分发生。 在一个优选的实施方案中，将催化剂还原为含有，优选主要且更优选基本上为II价的钴离子，并且至少部分地通过脱水和/或热处理沉淀。 在不同的优选实施方案中，反应混合物中的催化剂首先被氧化或维持，优选主要且更优选基本上为III价，反应混合物脱水，催化剂被还原，优选主要且更优选基本上为 化合价II，在预定温度或进一步热处理后自发沉淀。 沉淀的催化剂优选直接或间接回收。

    Methods and devices for controlling hydrocarbon oxidations to respective acids by adjusting the solvent to hydrocarbon ratio
    7.
    发明授权
    Methods and devices for controlling hydrocarbon oxidations to respective acids by adjusting the solvent to hydrocarbon ratio 失效
    通过调节溶剂与烃的比例来控制各种酸的烃氧化的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US6037491A

    公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

    申请号：US900323

    申请日：1997-07-25

    申请人： Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Sharon M. Aldrich ,  Ader M. Rostami ,  David C. DeCoster

    发明人： Eustathios Vassiliou ,  Mark W. Dassel ,  Sharon M. Aldrich ,  Ader M. Rostami ,  David C. DeCoster

    IPC分类号： B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/215 ,  C07C51/31 ,  C07C55/14 ,  D01F6/60 ,  D01F6/62 ,  D01F6/74 ,  C07C51/16

    CPC分类号： D01F6/74 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  C07C51/215 ,  C07C51/313 ,  D01F6/60 ,  D01F6/62

    摘要： This invention relates to methods and devices of preparing acids, such as adipic acid for example, by oxidizing a hydrocarbon, such as cyclohexane for example, with a gas containing an oxidant, preferably oxygen. A respective hydrocarbon is reacted, preferably at a steady state, with a gaseous oxidant to form an acid in a liquid mixture which preferably contains a solvent, a catalyst, water, and an initiator. The ratio of solvent to hydrocarbon may be controlled in a manner to maintain in the reaction zone maximum reaction rate and/or reactivity, or reaction rate and/or reactivity within a desired range, or reaction rate and/or reactivity directed toward a desired range. In addition, the ratio of solvent to hydrocarbon is controlled in a manner to maintain in the reaction zone substantially maximum selectivity and/or yield, or selectivity and/or yield within a desired range, or selectivity and/or yield directed toward a desired range.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及例如通过用含有氧化剂，优选氧气的气体氧化烃例如环己烷来制备酸例如己二酸的方法和装置。 相应的烃优选在稳定状态下与气态氧化剂反应，以在优选含有溶剂，催化剂，水和引发剂的液体混合物中形成酸。 可以以保持反应区域中最大反应速率和/或反应性或在所需范围内的反应速率和/或反应性，或反应速率和/或反应性达到所需范围的方式来控制溶剂与烃的比例 。 此外，以保持反应区域中基本上最大选择性和/或产率，或期望范围内的选择性和/或产率，或者指向所需范围的选择性和/或屈服的方式来控制溶剂与烃的比例 。