摘要:
A fluorooxyalkyl vinyl ether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, which is homopolymerizable or copolymerizable with fluoroolefins and homo- or co-polymer thereof.
摘要:
Vinyl ethers having a carboxyl group in a form of salt are stable and is usable as materials for fluorine-containing copolymers. The vinyl ethers can provide stable monomer compositions by mixing with vinyl ethers having a free carboxyl group when the former vinyl ethers are present in an amount of not less than 1% by mole of the latter vinyl ethers. The fluorine-containing copolymer prepared by copolymerizing fluoroolefins with the vinyl ethers are useful as aqueous coatings particularly electro dip coatings.
摘要:
Vinyl ethers having a carboxyl group in a form of salt are stable and is usable as materials for fluorine-containing copolymers. The vinyl ethers can provide sable monomer compositions by mixing with vinyl ethers having a free carboxyl group when the former vinyl ethers are present in an amount of not less than 1% by mole of the latter vinyl ethers. The fluorine-containing copolymer prepared by copolymerizing fluoroolefins with the vinyl ethers are useful as aqueous coatings particularly electro dip coatings.
摘要:
A knock sensing apparatus for an internal combustion engine which can detect a failure in a knock sensor signal system correctly even when a changeover operation due to hardware is performed at a place between a knock sensor and a band pass filter. In this knock sensing apparatus, the failure detection by a failure detecting circuit for detecting a failure in a signal system from knock sensors is invalidated for a predetermined period after one of the knock sensors has been changed over to the other knock sensor, or one of two kinds of pass bands of a band pass filter has been changed over to the other pass band, to prevent a decrease in failure detection accuracy due to the signal delaying action of the switched capacitor filter.
摘要:
Input CAD data and run-length data obtained by performing a RIP process on the input CAD data are acquired. A predetermined conversion process is performed on at least one of the input CAD data and the run-length data to make the data formats of both data comparable and then both data are compared with each other to detect an area having a difference as a defect area in the run-length data. This provides a technique to detect a defect in the run-length data to be used for drawing of a figure before the execution of drawing with a simple structure.
摘要:
The present invention provides an improved technique for extracting contours in an image without waiting for processing of all the scanning lines in the image. Run-data on two boundary scanning lines, each representing the boundary coordinates at which the image changes, are stored in a run-data buffer. A contour extraction unit compares two sets of the run-data with one another to extract segment vectors and detect a set of closed-loop vectors defining a contour of a image area. Three registers in a working buffer store specific data representing the relationship between a starting point and a terminal point of each vector sequence and are used in detecting closed-loop vectors. A vector data memory stores vector data including coordinate values of start and end points of closed-loop vectors. The contour extraction unit detects a vector sequence which has a starting point identical with a terminal point as a function of the data registered in the working buffer to identify the vector sequence as a closed-loop.
摘要:
A speed control apparatus for an engine which is equipped with an air quantity control device for controlling an intake air quantity to the engine when being in an idling state and a speed control device for determining a control amount of the air quantity control device on the basis of the actual engine idle speed. For controlling the engine idle speed, the apparatus comprises a state variable outputting section for outputting the actual engine idle speed, the control amount of the air quantity control device and an ignition timing control amount of an igniter of the engine as state variables representing an internal state of a dynamic model of the engine, a speed deviation accumulating section for accumulating a deviation between the target speed and the actual engine idle speed, and an ignition timing deviation accumulating section for accumulating a deviation between a target ignition timing and the actual ignition timing. The control amount of the air quantity control device and the ignition timing control amount are calculated on the basis of optimal feedback gains of an air system and an ignition system predetermined on the basis of the dynamic model, the state variables, the speed deviation accumulated value and the ignition timing deviation accumulated value. This arrangement can simultaneously control the air quantity and the ignition timing without using an observer to easily control the engine idle speed to the target speed.
摘要:
An automatic tuning scheme for use in TV receivers includes a start/stop circuit which creates a search start signal and a search stop signal upon the receipt of a search start instruction and a detected incoming signal, respectively, a tuning voltage generator which generates a gradually varying tuning voltage under control of the search start signal and search stop signal, and a memory circuit for storing the tuning voltage from the generator when desired. The tuning voltage stored in the memory circuit is supplied to a tuner including a well known voltage-sensitive capacitance diode.
摘要:
A method for creating charged-particle-beam exposure data containing a description of an exposure sequence of character patterns to perform exposure of a charged-particle-beam according to a character projection technique, comprising selecting first or second values as a parameter to transfer one character pattern and then transferring a subsequent character pattern, the first value regarding performance of a shaping deflector which deflects the charged particle beam so that the charged particle beam is applied to an arbitrarily character aperture formed in a CP aperture mask and a character beam having the shape of the character aperture is thereby created, and the second value regarding performance of an objective deflector which deflects the character beam so that the character beam is applied to an arbitrarily position of the deflection region of the specimen, and determining the exposure sequence of the character patterns in the deflection region in accordance with the selected parameter.