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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for control of a shape memory alloy actuator for a fuel injector 失效用于控制燃料喷射器的形状记忆合金致动器的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5984258A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-16
申请号：US162400
申请日：1998-09-28
CPC分类号： F02M53/06 , F02M51/06 , F02M61/166 , F02M61/18 , F16K31/002 , Y10T137/6552
摘要： A shape memory alloy actuator assembly for a fuel injector, wherein the response times of the shape memory alloy element is decreased to less than about 1 millisecond by forced, convective heat transfer from the SMA element or elements. The forced, convective heat transfer is provided by the circulation of fluid across the SMA element by a metering orifice plate, which directs a fluid flow across the SMA element so as to maximize the area of contact between the fuel and the SMA element, regardless of whether the fuel injection valve is opened or closed. Use of forced convective heat transfer in accordance with the present invention allows greater power input levels than previously possible without resulting in an over-temperature condition of the SMA alloy, as well as constant response times.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料喷射器的形状记忆合金致动器组件，其中形状记忆合金元件的响应时间通过从SMA元件的强制对流热传递而减小到小于约1毫秒。 强制对流传热由流体穿过SMA元件的循环通过计量孔板提供，该计量孔板引导流体流过SMA元件，以便最大化燃料和SMA元件之间的接触面积，而不管 燃油喷射阀是否打开或关闭。 根据本发明的强制对流换热的使用允许比先前可能的更大的功率输入水平，而不会导致SMA合金的过热状态以及恒定的响应时间。
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公开(公告)号：US6019113A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-01
申请号：US178958
申请日：1998-10-26
CPC分类号： F16K31/025 , Y10T137/0318
摘要： An improved method and apparatus for opening and closing a high performance shape memory alloy (SMA) fuel injector that minimizes performance variations due to changes in ambient temperature. When opening the injector to commence fuel injection, a relatively high voltage is applied to an SMA element of the injector to quickly heat the element to its high temperature state, quickly opening the valve. The current level is monitored as a measure of the element resistivity, and when the determined resistivity indicates that the high temperature state transition is complete, the voltage is reduced to a hold value, sufficient to continue resistivity measurement. When the determined resistivity indicates that the element is beginning to transition back to the ambient temperature state, the high voltage is re-applied to begin a new control cycle. To close the injector, the electric heating is discontinued, and fuel circulating through the injector cools the element to its ambient temperature state. The variability in opening response is reduced because the high voltage is significantly higher than a voltage that would thermally damage the SMA element if sustained, and the resistivity feedback during application of the high voltage is used to control the timing of the current reduction. The variability in closing response is reduced by the repeated switching between high and low voltage control, which controls the temperature of the element, and thereby maintains the element in a state of readiness to return to the ambient temperature state. Additionally, the repeated switching between high and low voltage control limits the peak temperature of the SMA element, and prevents damage to the element if the circulating fuel fails to adequately cool the element. Finally, the use of current measurement in the control circuit permits reliable determination of the resistivity of the SMA element without requiring external thermal sensors.
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公开(公告)号：US5823443A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US772397
申请日：1996-12-23
CPC分类号： F02M61/08 , F02M63/0007 , F02M69/50
摘要： A fuel system including a fuel nozzle is disclosed. The fuel nozzle is adapted to receive pulsed pressurized fuel from a source and includes a valve seat assembly having a valve seat body with a longitudinally extending passage. The passage of the valve seat body has a valve seat extending thereabout and interfaces with a downstream opening valve element which is disposed within the longitudinally extending passage and operates to move into and out of sealing engagement with the valve seat to regulate the flow of pressurized fuel though the passage. The valve element has a spherically configured upstream surface for sealing engagement with the valve seat which includes an annular drag groove extending thereabout. The drag groove functions to increase viscous drag force, in the downstream opening direction, which is imparted on the valve element by fuel flow over the spherical upstream surface. The nozzle also has an annular, fuel directing orifice disc which is disposed downstream of the valve seat. The orifice disc includes fuel directing orifices which extend therethrough from a first, upstream side to a second downstream side. The annular fuel directing orifice disc limits downstream movement of the valve member and directs fuel through the orifices into a desired fuel pattern.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种包括燃料喷嘴的燃料系统。 燃料喷嘴适于从源接收脉冲加压燃料，并且包括具有带有纵向延伸通道的阀座体的阀座组件。 阀座主体的通道具有在其周围延伸的阀座，并与下游打开的阀元件相连接，该下游开启阀元件设置在纵向延伸的通道内并用于移动进入和离开与阀座的密封接合，以调节加压燃料的流动 虽然通过。 阀元件具有球形构造的上游表面，用于与阀座密封接合，该阀座包括在其周围延伸的环形阻力槽。 拖曳槽用于增加在下游打开方向上的粘性阻力，该阻力通过燃料流过球形上游表面而施加在阀元件上。 喷嘴还具有设置在阀座下游的环形燃料导向孔盘。 孔板包括从第一上游侧延伸到第二下游侧的燃料导向孔。 环形燃料引导孔盘限制了阀构件的下游运动，并将燃料通过孔引导成所需的燃料模式。
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公开(公告)号：US06318641B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-20
申请号：US09502144
申请日：2000-02-11
IPC分类号： F02D700
CPC分类号： F02M61/166 , F02M51/06 , F02M53/06 , F02M61/18 , F02M2200/22 , F16K31/002 , Y10T137/6525
摘要： A shape memory alloy actuator assembly for a fuel injector, having a small package integral design, wherein the response times of the shape memory alloy element is decreased to less than about 1 millisecond by forced, convective heat transfer from the SMA element or elements. The forced, convective heat transfer is provided by the circulation of fluid across the SMA element by a metering orifice plate, which directs a fluid flow across the SMA element so as to maximize the area of contact between the fuel and the SMA element, regardless of whether the fuel injection valve is opened or closed. Use of forced convective heat transfer in accordance with the present invention allows greater power input levels than previously possible without resulting in an over-temperature condition of the SMA alloy, as well as constant response times. Actuator production costs are reduced by 40%, whereby side fame rails of the actuator are eliminated, and the spacer and the orifice plate are incorporated into a second wafer, which is bonded to the first wafer, which includes SMA material and a valve seal island.
摘要翻译： 一种用于燃料喷射器的形状记忆合金致动器组件，具有小的封装一体化设计，其中形状记忆合金元件的响应时间通过从SMA元件的强制对流热传递而减小到小于约1毫秒。 强制对流传热由流体穿过SMA元件的循环通过计量孔板提供，该计量孔板引导流体流过SMA元件，以便最大化燃料和SMA元件之间的接触面积，而不管 燃油喷射阀是否打开或关闭。 根据本发明的强制对流换热的使用允许比先前可能的更大的功率输入水平，而不会导致SMA合金的过热状态以及恒定的响应时间。 致动器的生产成本降低了40％，由此消除了致动器的侧翼轨道，并且将间隔件和孔板结合到第二晶片中，第二晶片与第一晶片结合，第二晶片包括SMA材料和阀密封岛 。
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