摘要:
A micromachined, high Reynolds number, sub-millisecond liquid mixer for the study of chemical reaction kinetics. This bulk micromachined silicon mixer is capable of initiating and quenching chemical reactions in intervals as short as 100 .mu.s. The mixer chip contains two tee mixers connected by one channel which serves as a reaction chamber. Each tee mixer consists of opposing channels where liquids meet head-on and exit into a third channel forming the base of a "T".
摘要:
The invention relates to improved methods for directed evolution of polymers, including directed evolution of nucleic acids and proteins. Specifically, the methods of the invention include analytical methods for identifying “structurally tolerant” residues of a polymer. Mutations of these, structurally tolerant residues are less likely to adversely affect desirable properties of a polymer sequence. The invention further provides improved methods for directed evolution wherein the structurally tolerant residues of a polymer are selectively mutated. Computer systems for implementing analytical methods of the invention are also provided.
摘要:
The invention relates to novel proteins with novel integrin and I domain activity and nucleic acids encoding these proteins. The invention further relates to the use of the novel proteins in the treatment of integrin related disorders. TABLE 1 Computationally designed mutantsa WTido1qido1rido2rjlm2r BackboneEnergyb 1ido−1037 −1145−1138−1116 −678 1jlm−1059+82758 −840−1000−1086 PositionResidues 139I——V— 153M——A— 156FLW—— 157V——I— 160VI——— 199VIII— 215ILL—V 219V———I 223F———L 238VFFII 239VLLL— 240ILL—— 259ALL—— 269IL——— 271VF——— 287IVVV— 299VAII— 308IV——— aMutants are named according to the structure that was stabilized (ido or jlm), the solvation potential used (1 or 2) and the definition of core residues (q or r). bThe lowest energy rotamer configuration was calculated for each sequence in the lido structure, and cross-calculated in the ljlm structure, using both solvent potentials; all 50 core residues were used in order to make the q and r energies comparable. Results are shown for solvent potential 1 and were similar for potential 2. # A severe clash of the side-chain of F271 with the backbone caused the high energy of the 1q sequence in the 1jlm structure; no movement of the backbone is allowed by the design method.
摘要:
The instant invention provides methods, reagents, and computational tools for designing non-natural substrate analogs for enzymes, especially for designing unnatural amino acid analogs for aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases (AARSs), such as the Phe tRNA Synthetase. The instant invention also provides methods to incorporate unnatural amino acid analogs, especially those with interesting functional groups, into protein products to generate proteins of modified or novel functions.