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公开(公告)号：US4670150A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US790651
申请日：1985-10-24
CPC分类号： C02F5/02 , B01D61/147 , B01D63/062 , B01D2315/10 , B01D2317/04
摘要： A method for softening a fluid containing hardness constituents, comprising the steps of: (a) mixing the fluid with sufficient amounts of a softening agent, and previously precipitated hardness constituents in a reactor to establish a softening reaction in the reactor for precipitating a substantial portion of the hardness constituents contained in the fluid; (b) removing a portion of the fluid and precipitated hardness constituents from the reactor as a slurry and filtering the slurry through a cross-flow microfiltration module containing at least one elongated filtration tube, whereby substantially all of the precipitated hardness constituents are removed from the portion of the fluid exiting from the module as filtrate; and (c) returning at least a portion of the filtered out precipitated hardness constiuents exiting from the module to the reactor as the previously precipitated hardness constituents.
摘要翻译： 一种用于软化含有硬度成分的流体的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）将混合流体与足量的软化剂和预先沉淀的硬度组分在反应器中以在反应器中建立软化反应，以沉淀出大部分 包含在流体中的硬度成分; （b）作为浆料从反应器中去除一部分流体并沉淀出硬度成分，并通过包含至少一个细长过滤管的交叉流微量过滤组件过滤浆料，从而将基本上所有沉淀的硬度成分从 从模块中排出的部分流体作为滤液; 和（c）将从模块排出的至少一部分过滤出的沉淀硬度组分作为先前沉淀的硬度组分返回到反应器。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing the flux rate of cross-flow filtration systems 失效用于提高交叉流过滤系统的通量率的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5047154A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US099622
申请日：1987-09-21
CPC分类号： B01D65/02 , B01D61/22 , B01D2315/10 , B01D2321/162
摘要： A method of increasing the time-averaged cross-flow filtration flux of a liquid through a porous filter medium over the period of a filtration run, comprising the steps of: (a) flowing the liquid transversely through the filter medium by establishing a pressure differential across the filter medium; and (b) maintaining the filtration flux rate through the filter medium at a preselected substantially constant value during the entire filtration run by applying a variable throttling pressure on the filtrate side of the filter medium and reducing the throttling pressure during the run to control the instantaneous value of the pressure differential as required to maintain the preselected flux rate, such flux rate being greater than the equilibrium flux rate.Also, a method of increasing the time averaged cross-flow filtration flux of a liquid through a porous filter medium, typically filter tubes, over the period of a filtration run, comprising the steps of flowing the liquid transversely through the filter medium by establishing a pressure differential across the filter medium, and commencing the filtration run by gradually increasing the flow rate over a sufficiently extended period of time to substantially prevent the intrusion of the particles of material being filtered out of the liquid into the filter medium per se.
摘要翻译： 一种在过滤运行期间通过多孔过滤介质增加液体的时间平均交叉流过滤通量的方法，包括以下步骤：（a）通过建立压力差使液体横向流过过滤介质 穿过过滤介质; 和（b）通过在过滤介质的滤液侧施加可变的节流压力，并且在运行期间降低节流压力以控制瞬时流量，在整个过滤运行期间通过过滤介质将过滤通量保持在预选的基本上恒定的值 根据需要保持预选通量速率的压差值，这种通量速率大于平衡通量速率。 此外，在过滤运行期间通过多孔过滤介质（通常是过滤管）增加液体的时间平均交叉流过滤通量的方法，包括以下步骤：使液体横向流过过滤介质，通过建立 通过过滤介质的压力差，并且通过在足够长的时间段上逐渐增加流速来开始过滤运行，以基本上防止被过滤的材料的颗粒从液体中侵入到过滤介质本身中。
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公开(公告)号：US5374357A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-20
申请号：US33860
申请日：1993-03-19
CPC分类号： B01D37/03 , B01D24/105 , B01D2201/085
摘要： Colloidal matter is removed from a fluid flow by first adsorbing a coagulant onto the surface of a finely divided filter media, and thereafter passing a colloid-containing fluid through the filter media. The adsorbing of coagulant is accomplished with the filter off-line, and it is returned on-line for filtering of the fluid. After the coagulant is adsorbed onto the filter media, it is not necessary to continue feeding coagulant during on-line operation, as the adsorbed coagulant captures the colloidal matter in the fluid and retains it on the surface of the filter media. The captured colloidal matter is removed during back washing of the filter media.
摘要翻译： 通过首先将凝结剂吸附在细碎的过滤介质的表面上，然后使含胶体的流体通过过滤介质，从流体流中除去胶体。 凝结剂的吸附是用离线过滤器完成的，并在线返回以过滤流体。 在凝结剂被吸附到过滤介质上之后，由于吸附的凝结剂捕获流体中的胶体物质并将其保留在过滤介质的表面上，所以在在线操作期间不需要继续供给凝结剂。 在过滤介质的背洗过程中去除捕获的胶体物质。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07491334B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-17
申请号：US11185104
申请日：2005-07-20
申请人： Daniel L. Comstock
发明人： Daniel L. Comstock
CPC分类号： B01D65/02 , B01D65/08 , B01D67/0088 , B01D67/0093 , B01D69/02 , B01D71/56 , B01D2321/168 , B01D2325/20 , B01D2325/48 , C02F1/441
摘要： The present invention provides a method of treating a reverse osmosis membrane for boron rejection enhancement, comprising contacting the reverse osmosis membrane with a chemical coating such as PHMB, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane is part of a single-pass reverse osmosis system is configured to reduce the boron concentration of normal seawater or brackish water to less than a predetermined amount.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种处理反渗透膜用于硼排斥增强的方法，包括使反渗透膜与诸如PHMB的化学涂层接触，其中反渗透膜是单程反渗透系统的一部分，其被配置为减少 正常海水或微咸水的硼浓度低于预定量。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06180056B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US09208473
申请日：1998-12-10
IPC分类号： C23F1402
CPC分类号： C02F1/50 , B01D61/025 , B01D61/027 , B01D61/04 , B01D61/145 , B01D61/147 , B01D61/16 , B01D2311/04 , B01D2311/12 , B01D2311/16 , C02F5/08
摘要： A composition for minimizing biological and/or colloidal fouling is described, which includes an anionic antiscalant and a cationically charged biocide. Further, a method of controlling fouling is described and achieved by introducing a formulation of the present invention into an aqueous system which uses a separation membrane. The compositions used in the present invention are compatible with such separation systems and preferably prevent membrane fouling.
摘要翻译： 描述了用于最小化生物和/或胶体结垢的组合物，其包括阴离子防垢剂和阳离子电荷的杀生物剂。 此外，通过将本发明的制剂引入使用分离膜的水性体系来描述和实现控制结垢的方法。 用于本发明的组合物与这种分离系统相容，并且优选防止膜污染。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for measuring the fouling potential of membrane system feeds 失效用于测量膜系统进料的污染势的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5198116A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US832941
申请日：1992-02-10
申请人： Daniel L. Comstock , Lee A. Durham
发明人： Daniel L. Comstock , Lee A. Durham
CPC分类号： B01D65/02 , B01D61/025 , B01D61/04 , B01D65/08 , B01D2311/04 , B01D2321/16
摘要： The optimum antifoulant concentration and cleaning interval for reverse osmosis membranes is determined by providing samples of a liquid to be purified in a reverse osmosis system, the samples having a range of antifoulant concentrations added. The zeta potential for each sample is measured, and the amount of antifoulant that provides the lowest (most negative) zeta potential is selected as the preferred antifoulant concentration. A cleaning frequency sample of the liquid to be purified with the preferred antifoulant concentration is prepared and passed across a cleaning frequency membrane that passes dissolved matter in the permeate but does not pass colloidal material. The rate of change in flow of the permeate of the cleaning frequency sample is measured as a function of time, and the cleaning frequency of the cleaning frequency sample is determined. In one embodiment, the cleaning frequency membrane used in the testing is comparable to the filter support used in the reverse osmosis system, but has no separation membrane thereon. A test cell for measuring permeation through the cleaning frequency membrane is provided.
摘要翻译： 通过在反渗透系统中提供待纯化液体的样品来确定反渗透膜的最佳防污剂浓度和清洁间隔，样品具有添加的防污浓度范围。 测量每个样品的ζ电位，并且选择提供最低（最负的）ζ电位的防污剂的量作为优选的防污剂浓度。 制备具有优选防污剂浓度的待纯化液体的清洗频率样品，并通过穿过渗透物中的溶解物质但不通过胶体材料的清洗频率膜。 作为时间的函数测量清洗频率样品的渗透物的流量变化率，并且确定清洗频率样品的清洗频率。 在一个实施方案中，用于测试的清洗频率膜与反渗透系统中使用的过滤器支架相当，但在其上没有分离膜。 提供了用于测量通过清洁频率膜的渗透的测试池。
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