摘要:
A method, system, network nodes and computer programs for processing a packet data flow in a packet data network is disclosed. In the invention a conventional pair is broken into a two-step process. The new processing follows, for example, out-of-box-processing semantics. An important point is that both the “optional-action” and “egress-action” are decided on the basis of the original rule. The execution of “egress-action” in only delayed till transformed packets are received back at the service-aware network element. Due to the two-step process, the invention allows a creation of IP services even with a third party out-of-box services that completely transform the packets.
摘要:
A router and routing protocol redundancy are disclosed to reduce service outage or degradation for a network device and thus to increase service availability on a network due to software and hardware failures of the network device. A network device such as router includes a redundancy platform having an active controller system and a standby controller system. A routing protocol state change is received or generated by the active controller system. The received or generated routing protocol state change is replicated to the standby controller system. By replicating the routing protocol state change, the standby controller system can maintain the routing protocol sessions for the network device if a failure occurs in the active controller system. Furthermore, the routing protocol states are maintained in realtime to handle the dynamic changes created by routing protocols.
摘要:
The invention discloses a system, a method and a device for service switching. According to the invention, the terminal device accesses multiple services via one service access point. A service switching entity is arranged to a common network element and has further access to service providers and other service access entities. The service access entity dynamically exchanges service access information with other service access entities. After resolving the access to the desired service, the service access entity dynamically exchanges the state of the service providers. Based on the exchanged information, the service access entity applies a routing algorithm that determines the route to the desired service.
摘要:
A method for in-situ monitoring of an emission product includes transmitting a light, tuning the light to a first wavelength, receiving the light at a second location, varying the light from the first wavelength to a second wavelength during a first period, measuring a first absorption line and a first non-absorbing baseline signal during the first period, switching the light to a third wavelength, varying the light from the third wavelength to a fourth wavelength over a second period, and measuring a second absorption line and a second non-absorbing baseline signal during the second period. The light is transmitted from a first location by a tunable light source and received at a second location. The light passes along an optical path through the emission product between the first and second locations. The first wavelength corresponds to the first absorption line of the emission product. The third wavelength is different from the first and second wavelengths.
摘要:
A web programmable telephone and a method for operating a web programmable telephone are disclosed. In one embodiment of the present invention, a voice module of a wireless household telephone is controlled by an internal web module that can retrieve and execute data operations from a remote portal or server thus adding data functionality to the conventional functions of a telephone. The programmable web module controls all functionality of the web programmable telephone so that every function of the telephone can be programmed and customized by a user.
摘要:
A preset credit media includes: a document part, and availability information and credit for the document part. The document part is all or less than all of an audio file, a visual file, a text file, or a data file. The availability information includes a monetary cost or time availability for the document part. The credit includes a monetary credit, a time credit, or a transaction credit for the document part. To play the document part, it is determined if enough credit exists for the document part to be played, based on the availability information and the credit. If so, the document part is retrieved from the preset credit media and played. The credit is modified accordingly. To change a preset credit media, a change request is received and verified. Any combination of the document part, the availability information, and the credit may be modified according to the change request.
摘要:
An optical encoder includes a coding element having a track with multiple transparent sections, a light source positioned to output light to the track, and a photodetector array, positioned to detect light that passes through the transparent sections of the track. The photodetectors of the photodetector array have larger width dimensions than the width dimensions of the transparent sections of the track. Resolution of the optical encoder may be adjusted by changing the resolution of the coding element.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present invention include methods, systems and apparatuses for conducting secure transactions over a call. Users can initiate a secure transaction over a call, such as a telephone call, in which the identities of up to all participants can be validated prior to sending or receiving of payment, financial or other sensitive information. A transaction module collects and verifies all necessary transaction information and resources. User can be prompted to confirm or approve the transaction prior to completion of the transaction. Summaries of the transaction can be sent to users or stored in record keeping.
摘要:
A computer-aided learning method and apparatus for a learning user to learn materials inexpensively. Not only does the apparatus provide the user the freedom as to where and when to learn, and the guidance as to what to learn, the apparatus also reduces a significant hurdle to learning—Tuition. The apparatus retrieves a user identifier entered by the user, and determines whether the user is a learning user or an institute user. If the user is a learning user, the apparatus allows the user to access information regarding learning materials. If the user is an institute user, the apparatus permits the user to access information regarding at least one learning user. The institute user might be interested to use the apparatus to recruit employees to fill job openings. A learning user pays significantly less than an institute user to access information, so as to encourage the learning user to work on learning materials. The apparatus can also track and update information regarding the users.
摘要:
A voice portal and a method for operating a voice portal are disclosed. In one embodiment of the present invention, voice a voice portal is connected to multiple telephones of various protocols by both a voice signal interface and a data signal interface. The voice portal is also connected to one or more telephony networks. The voice portal is capable of receiving requests for functions from the telephones; retrieving the requested functions from memory and sending the functions back to the telephone for execution. The functions supplied by the voice portal are programmable and customizable and control all functions of the telephones.