公开(公告)号：US08530042B2

公开(公告)日：2013-09-10

申请号：US13114677

申请日：2011-05-24

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Cordula Ulbrich

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Cordula Ulbrich

IPC: B32B3/00

CPC classification number: B05D1/32 ,  B32B3/00 ,  C08J7/047 ,  C09D5/04 ,  C09D5/28 ,  C09D11/02 ,  Y10T428/24802

Abstract: This invention relates to a component surface (side section 1a), in particular a vehicle surface, with a three-dimensional surface texture. This invention further relates to a method for the creation of a component surface (side section 1a), in particular a vehicle surface, with a three-dimensional surface texture. To keep the effort and expense required for the achievement of a three-dimensional surface texture low, the invention teaches that a film is glued to the component surface (side section 1a), which film has been provided prior to the gluing with a plurality of coats of paint, each using the screen printing process, which in their totality form a three-dimensional surface texture.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及具有三维表面纹理的部件表面（侧部1a），特别是车辆表面。 本发明还涉及一种具有三维表面纹理的组件表面（侧面部分1a），特别是车辆表面的制造方法。 为了保持实现三维表面纹理所需的努力和费用低，本发明教导了将膜粘合到部件表面（侧部1a），该胶片在胶合之前已经被提供有多个 涂料涂层，每个都使用丝网印刷工艺，其在整体上形成三维表面纹理。

公开(公告)号：US08374808B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-12

申请号：US12690672

申请日：2010-01-20

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Ralf Senner ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Andrew J. Maslyn

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Ralf Senner ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Andrew J. Maslyn

IPC: G01R31/36

CPC classification number: H01M8/04552 ,  G01R31/362 ,  H01M8/04671

Abstract: A method for determining a failure of a membrane in a fuel cell in a fuel cell stack. The method includes measuring the voltage of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack, calculating an average cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack, and identifying a minimum cell voltage from all of the cell voltages of the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack. The method then determines an absolute delta voltage value as the difference between the average cell voltage of the fuel cells and the minimum cell voltage of the fuel cells at a plurality of sample points during the sample period. A plurality of absolute delta voltage values determined over a plurality of sample periods, filtered for low current density are used to determine whether there is a membrane failure and, by filtering for high current density, to determine whether there is an electrode failure.

Abstract translation: 一种用于确定燃料电池堆中的燃料电池中的膜的故障的方法。 该方法包括测量燃料电池堆中每个燃料电池的电压，从燃料电池堆中的燃料电池的所有电池电压计算平均电池电压，以及从所有电池电压中识别最小电池电压 燃料电池堆中的燃料电池。 该方法然后将绝对增量电压值确定为在采样周期期间多个采样点处的燃料电池的平均电池电压与燃料电池的最小电池电压之差。 使用在低电流密度下滤波的多个采样周期中确定的多个绝对δ电压值来确定是否存在膜故障，并且通过对高电流密度进行滤波来确定是否存在电极故障。

公开(公告)号：US20130004872A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：US13175007

申请日：2011-07-01

Applicant: Brian McMurrough ,  Bernd Krause

Inventor： Brian McMurrough ,  Bernd Krause

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04664 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095

Abstract: A system and method for determining a possible failure of membranes in the fuel cells for a fuel cell stack. The method includes monitoring the stack current density and the minimum cell voltage of the fuel cells in the stack. If both the minimum cell voltage and the stack current density are below predetermined values, then the method multiplies scaling factors of the minimum cell voltage and the stack current density to provide a membrane failure factor. If the membrane failure factor is greater than a threshold, then an indication is given of a possible membrane failure.

Abstract translation: 一种用于确定用于燃料电池堆的燃料电池中膜的可能故障的系统和方法。 该方法包括监测堆叠中的电池堆电流密度和燃料电池的最小电池电压。 如果最小电池电压和电池堆电流密度均低于预定值，则该方法将最小电池电压和电池堆电流密度的缩放因子相乘以提供膜故障因子。 如果膜破坏因子大于阈值，则给出可能的膜衰竭的指示。

公开(公告)号：US20110031184A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-10

申请号：US12446058

申请日：2007-10-11

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Hermann Gohl ,  Markus Hornung ,  Carina Kraft

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Hermann Gohl ,  Markus Hornung ,  Carina Kraft

IPC: B01D69/08 ,  D01F9/00

CPC classification number: B01D71/68 ,  A61B5/14525 ,  A61M1/16 ,  B01D63/02 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D69/08 ,  B01D69/087 ,  B01D71/44 ,  B01D71/62 ,  B01D2323/06 ,  B01D2323/08 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  B01D2323/22 ,  B01D2325/022

Abstract: The present invention concerns a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane having an outer wall surface, an inner wall surface and an interior lumen extending along the length thereof and having the selective layer on the outer wall surface with a surface roughness below 10 nm. According to the invention the membrane has the smallest pore size on the outer wall surface, and has an outer wall surface which is smooth, continuous and homogeneous in a nanoscopic scale and four to five distinct layers of different pore size and density. Further the present invention concerns a process for manufacturing thereof and the use thereof.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种具有外壁表面，内壁表面和沿其长度延伸的内腔的半透性中空纤维膜，并且在外壁表面上具有表面粗糙度低于10nm的选择层。 根据本发明，膜在外壁表面具有最小的孔径，并且具有在纳米尺度上光滑，连续和均匀的外壁表面，以及不同孔径和密度的四至五个不同层。 此外，本发明涉及其制造方法及其用途。

公开(公告)号：US07879502B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-01

申请号：US12637501

申请日：2009-12-14

Applicant: Sebastian Lienkamp ,  Bernd Krause

Inventor： Sebastian Lienkamp ,  Bernd Krause

IPC: H01M8/04

CPC classification number: H01M8/04992 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04649 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  H01M2250/20 ,  Y02T90/32

Abstract: A method for revising a reference polarization curve of a fuel cell stack that identifies the relationship between the voltage and the current of the stack over time. When the stack is operating at a low load where kinetic voltage losses of the stack dominate, a first adaptation value is revised as the difference between the actual stack voltage and the stack voltage of the reference polarization curve. When the stack is operating at higher loads where ohmic voltage losses of the stack dominate, a second adaptation value is revised as the difference between the actual stack voltage and the stack voltage of the reference polarization curve.

Abstract translation: 一种用于修改燃料电池堆的参考极化曲线的方法，其识别堆叠随时间的电压和电流之间的关系。 当堆栈以堆叠的动态电压损失为主的低负载运行时，第一适配值被修改为实际堆叠电压与参考极化曲线的堆叠电压之间的差值。 当堆栈工作在堆叠的欧姆电压损耗主导的较高负载时，第二适配值被修改为实际堆叠电压和参考极化曲线的堆叠电压之间的差。

公开(公告)号：US07644825B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-12

申请号：US10532131

申请日：2003-10-17

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Matthias Wessling ,  Hermann Göhl ,  Markus Storr

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Matthias Wessling ,  Hermann Göhl ,  Markus Storr

IPC: B01D71/06 ,  B01D71/68 ,  B01D71/28 ,  B01D71/00

CPC classification number: B01D67/002 ,  B01D67/0083 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/68 ,  B01D71/80 ,  B01D2325/36 ,  B29C44/3403

Abstract: The membrane producible by shaping a polymer blend or a block copolymer comprising blocks of monomer units, loading the polymer blend or block copolymer with a blowing gas concentration within the polymer blend or block polymer above a critical concentration at a temperature below a critical temperature, but above the glass transition temperature of the polymer blend/gas or block copolymer/gas mixture and finally stabilizing the foam structure is characterized in that as polymer blend a homogeneous polymer blend comprising at least one hydrophilic and at least one hydrophobic polymer and/or a block copolymer of alternating blocks of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units is used, both the polymer blend and the block copolymer having a solubility relating to the used foaming gas above the critical concentration. The said membrane is used for medical purposes, especially for the haemodialysis, haemofiltration, haemodiafiltration, plasmapherese, immunotherapy, micro- or ultrafiltration or gas separation.

Abstract translation: 该膜可以通过将包含单体单元的嵌段的聚合物共混物或嵌段共聚物成型，将聚合物共混物或嵌段共聚物以高于临界温度的临界浓度的聚合物共混物或嵌段聚合物内的吹入气体浓度加载， 高于聚合物共混物/气体或嵌段共聚物/气体混合物的玻璃化转变温度，并且最终稳定泡沫结构的特征在于，作为聚合物共混物，包含至少一种亲水和至少一种疏水性聚合物和/或嵌段的均匀聚合物共混物 使用亲水和疏水单体单元的交替嵌段的共聚物，聚合物共混物和嵌段共聚物具有高于临界浓度的所用发泡气体的溶解度。 所述膜用于医疗目的，特别用于血液透析，血液透析，血液透析，血浆置换，免疫治疗，微量或超滤或气体分离。

公开(公告)号：US07299750B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-27

申请号：US10512968

申请日：2003-04-30

Applicant: Irene Schikora ,  Friedrich Riess ,  Bernd Krause

Inventor： Irene Schikora ,  Friedrich Riess ,  Bernd Krause

IPC: F42B10/00

CPC classification number: F42B12/34

Abstract: Especially in hunting, the choice of bullets has to be such that it is in keeping with the wild animals to be hunted. According to the desired effect on the target, deformation bullets or partial fragmentation bullets are used. Since both types of bullets are different, the position of the point of impact from the same weapon is different. According to the type of bullet used, the weapon must be oriented differently in relation to the target. This can be obstructive and if insufficient attention is paid, can result in misses. According to the invention, a shell-less cored steel bullet is used as a deformation bullet (1) or partial fragmentation bullet (2), having an identical caliber and a closed cavity (4) in the tip (3) of said bullet In order to achieve the same point of impact of said bullets (1,2) on the target, while maintaining the effect of the respectively selected bullet during the same handling of the weapon, during the same setting of the target in an identical position, the external volume, centre of gravity, mass and base copper-tin alloy are identical and the cavity (E) in the tip (3) of the bullet, consisting of a combination of cylindrical and conical sections (10, 12, 13; 20), in addition to the composition of the bullet material, are adapted to the effect of said bullet.

Abstract translation: 特别是在狩猎中，子弹的选择必须与野生动物保持一致。 根据对目标的预期效果，使用变形子弹或部分碎片子弹。 由于两种类型的子弹都是不同的，所以来自同一武器的撞击点的位置是不同的。 根据使用的子弹的类型，武器必须相对于目标不同。 这可能是阻碍的，​​如果注意不足，可能会导致错过。 根据本发明，使用无壳芯铁弹作为在所述子弹In的尖端（3）中具有相同的口径和闭合腔（4）的变形子弹（1）或部分碎片子弹（2） 为了达到目标上所述子弹（1,2）的同样的影响点，同时在相同的武器处理期间保持分别选择的子弹的效果，在相同位置的目标的相同设置中， 外部体积，重心，质量和基底铜锡合金是相同的，并且由圆柱形和圆锥形部分（10,12,13,20）组合的子弹头部（3）中的空腔（E） 除了子弹材料的组成之外，还适用于所述子弹的作用。

公开(公告)号：US20060138044A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-29

申请号：US10532131

申请日：2003-10-17

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Matthias Wessling ,  Hermann Gohl ,  Markus Storr

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Matthias Wessling ,  Hermann Gohl ,  Markus Storr

IPC: B01D71/68

CPC classification number: B01D67/002 ,  B01D67/0083 ,  B01D69/02 ,  B01D71/68 ,  B01D71/80 ,  B01D2325/36 ,  B29C44/3403

Abstract: The membrane producible by shaping a polymer blend or a block copolymer comprising blocks of monomer units, loading the polymer blend or block copolymer with a blowing gas concentration within the polymer blend or block polymer above a critical concentration at a temperature below a critical temperature, but above the glass transition temperature of the polymer blend/gas or block copolymer/gas mixture and finally stabilizing the foam structure is characterized in that as polymer blend a homogeneous polymer blend comprising at least one hydrophilic and at least one hydrophobic polymer and/or a block copolymer of alternating blocks of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units is used, both the polymer blend and the block copolymer having a solubility relating to the used foaming gas above the critical concentration. The said membrane is used for medical purposes, especially for the haemodialysis, haemofiltration, haemodiafiltration, plasmapherese, immunotherapy, micro- or ultrafiltration or gas separation.

Abstract translation: 该膜可以通过将包含单体单元的嵌段的聚合物共混物或嵌段共聚物成型，将聚合物共混物或嵌段共聚物以高于临界温度的临界浓度的聚合物共混物或嵌段聚合物内的吹入气体浓度加载， 高于聚合物共混物/气体或嵌段共聚物/气体混合物的玻璃化转变温度，并且最终稳定泡沫结构的特征在于，作为聚合物共混物，包含至少一种亲水和至少一种疏水性聚合物和/或嵌段的均匀聚合物共混物 使用亲水和疏水单体单元的交替嵌段的共聚物，聚合物共混物和嵌段共聚物具有高于临界浓度的所用发泡气体的溶解度。 所述膜用于医疗目的，特别用于血液透析，血液透析，血液透析，血浆置换，免疫治疗，微量或超滤或气体分离。

公开(公告)号：US4714879A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-22

申请号：US908238

申请日：1986-09-17

Applicant: Bernd Krause

Inventor： Bernd Krause

IPC: G01R1/073 ,  G01R31/28 ,  G01R31/02 ,  G01R1/04

CPC classification number: G01R1/07307 ,  G01R31/2886

Abstract: A holding and testing device for electronic modules includes a receptacle depression in a perforate plate that is held by two guide rods. A movable plate carries contact spring pins, fixing pins, and guide pins, and is mounted under the perforate plate for displacement in a vertical direction relative to the perforate plate along the guide rods. Clearances for the contact spring pins and the fixing pins are provided in the perforate plate in the region of the receptacle depression. Horizontally displaceable slides are in the perforate plate at both sides of the receptacle depression and include engagement openings for interactive engagement with the guide pins of the movable plate so that the slides are moved toward one another as the movable plate is lifted. Lateral tongue portions of the slides slide over the electronic module under test to fix the module in proper position in combination with fixing pins, and further lifting motion of the movable plate enables test contacts to make electrical connections with the electronic module under test.

Abstract translation: 用于电子模块的保持和测试装置包括由两个导杆保持的穿孔板中的容器凹陷。 可移动板承载接触弹簧销，固定销和导向销，并且安装在穿孔板下方，以沿着导杆相对于穿孔板在垂直方向上移位。 接触弹簧销和固定销的间隙在插座凹部的区域中设置在穿孔板中。 水平可移动的滑块位于插座凹陷两侧的穿孔板中，并且包括用于与可移动板的引导销交互接合的接合开口，使得当可移动板被提升时，滑块彼此相对移动。 滑块的横向舌部在待测电子模块上滑动，将模块固定在与固定销组合的适当位置，并且可移动板的进一步提升使测试触点与被测电子模块进行电连接。

公开(公告)号：US08827087B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13320679

申请日：2010-05-19

Applicant: Bernd Krause ,  Carina Zweigart

Inventor： Bernd Krause ,  Carina Zweigart

IPC: B01D71/68 ,  B01D69/08 ,  B01D71/76 ,  B29C47/12 ,  B01D71/40 ,  B01D67/00

CPC classification number: B01D69/08 ,  B01D67/0088 ,  B01D67/0093 ,  B01D71/40 ,  B01D71/68 ,  B01D71/76

Abstract: Permselective asymmetric membranes suitable e.g. for hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration of blood, and having improved sieving characteristics providing enhanced removal of middle molecular weight substances, e.g. inflammatory mediators having a molecular weight between 20 and 40 kDa. The membranes comprise polyethersulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone and are coated with hyaluronic acid or copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphoryl choline and other vinyl polymerizable monomers. Processes for the preparation of these membranes, devices comprising these membranes, and the use of these membranes in hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration and hemofiltration of blood, as well as in bioprocessing, plasma fractionation and the preparation of protein solutions.

Abstract translation: 选择性不对称膜适合于例如 用于血液透析，血液透析过滤和血液的血液滤过，并且具有改善的筛分特性，提供中等分子量物质的增强除去。 具有20至40kDa分子量的炎性介质。 膜包含聚醚砜和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，并用透明质酸或2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酰胆碱和其它乙烯基可聚合单体的共聚物涂覆。 用于制备这些膜的方法，包括这些膜的装置以及这些膜在血液透析，血液透析滤过和血液血液滤过以及生物处理，血浆分离和蛋白质溶液的制备中的用途。