Abstract:
A circuit and method for bridging an analog signal between two integrated circuits operating at different supply voltages. The circuit is a two stage fixed gain amplifier. The first stage is a transconductance amplifier and the second stage is an operational amplifier. The first stage converts an input signal from a voltage into a current. The second stage converts the current signal to an output voltage signal.
Abstract:
An integrated receiver with channel selection and image rejection is substantially implemented on a single CMOS integrated circuit. A receiver front end provides programable attenuation and a programable gain low noise amplifier. LC filters integrated onto the substrate in conjunction with image reject mixers provide image frequency rejection. Filter tuning and inductor Q compensation over temperature are performed on chip. Active filters utilize multi track spiral inductors with shields to increase circuit Q. Frequency planning provides additional image rejection. Local oscillator signal generation methods on chip reduce distortion. A PLL generates needed out of band LO signals. Direct synthesis generates in band LO signals. PLL VCOs are centered automatically. A differential crystal oscillator provides a frequency reference. Differential signal transmission throughout the receiver is used. ESD protection is provided by a pad ring and ESD clamping structure. Shunts utilize a gate boosting at each pin to discharge ESD build up. An IF VGA utilizes distortion cancellation achieved with cross coupled differential pair amplifiers having their Vds dynamically modified in conjunction with current steering of the differential pairs sources.
Abstract:
A circuit and method for bridging an analog signal between two integrated circuits operating at different supply voltages. The circuit is a two stage fixed gain amplifier. The first stage is a transconductance amplifier and the second stage is an operational amplifier. The first stage converts an input signal from a voltage into a current. The second stage converts the current signal to an output voltage signal.
Abstract:
Often programmable gain attenuators (PGAs) are combined with high pass filters. Adjustment of the highpass filter however can have unintended effects, such as changing the step size of the PGA. By placing the resistance of the highpass filter in parallel with a programmable attenuator divider, the steps of the PGA can be minimally affected as the highpass frequency is adjusted.