公开(公告)号：US08014430B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-06

申请号：US12395576

申请日：2009-02-27

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Qijie Wang ,  Federico Capasso

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Qijie Wang ,  Federico Capasso

IPC分类号： H01S5/00

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00

摘要： A quantum cascade laser utilizing non-resonant extraction design having a multilayered semiconductor with a single type of carrier; at least two final levels (1 and 1′) for a transition down from level 2; an energy spacing E21 greater than ELO; an energy spacing E31 of about 100 meV; and an energy spacing E32 about equal to ELO. The carrier wave function for level 1 overlaps with the carrier wave function for level 2. Likewise, the carrier wave function for level 1′ overlaps with the carrier wave function for level 2. In a second version, the basic design also has an energy spacing E54 of about 90 meV, and levels 1 and 1′ do not have to be spatially close to each other, provided that level 2 has significant overlap with both these levels. In a third version, there are at least three final levels (1, 1′, and 1″) for a transition down from level 2. Each of the levels 1, 1′, and 1″ has a non-uniform squared wave function distribution.

摘要翻译： 利用非谐振提取设计的量子级联激光器具有具有单一载体的多层半导体; 从第2级向下转换的至少两个最终级别（1和1'）; 能量间距E21大于ELO; 约100meV的能量间隔E31; 以及大约等于ELO的能量间隔E32。 等级1的载波函数与级2的载波功能重叠。等级1的载波函数与级别2的载波功能重叠。在第二版本中，基本设计还具有能量间隔 E54大约90 meV，1级和1级不必在空间上相互接近，只要等级2与这两个级别都有重大的重叠。 在第三版本中，对于从级别2向下转换，至少有三个最终级别（1,1'和1“）。级别1,1'和1”中的每一个具有非均匀平方波函数 分配。

公开(公告)号：US20090213890A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-27

申请号：US12395576

申请日：2009-02-27

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Qije Wang ,  Federico Capasso

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Christian Pflugl ,  Laurent Diehl ,  Qije Wang ,  Federico Capasso

IPC分类号： H01S5/343

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00

摘要： A quantum cascade laser utilizing non-resonant extraction design having a multilayered semiconductor with a single type of carrier; at least two final levels (1 and 1′) for a transition down from level 2; an energy spacing E21 greater than ELO; an energy spacing E31 of about 100 meV; and an energy spacing E32 about equal to ELO. The carrier wave function for level 1 overlaps with the carrier wave function for level 2. Likewise, the carrier wave function for level 1′ overlaps with the carrier wave function for level 2. In a second version, the basic design also has an energy spacing E54 of about 90 meV, and levels 1 and 1′ do not have to be spatially close to each other, provided that level 2 has significant overlap with both these levels. In a third version, there are at least three final levels (1, 1′, and 1″) for a transition down from level 2. Each of the levels 1, 1′, and 1″ has a non-uniform squared wave function distribution.

摘要翻译： 利用非谐振提取设计的量子级联激光器具有具有单一载体的多层半导体; 从第2级向下转换的至少两个最终级别（1和1'）; 能量间距E21大于ELO; 约100meV的能量间隔E31; 以及大约等于ELO的能量间隔E32。 等级1的载波函数与级2的载波功能重叠。等级1的载波函数与级别2的载波功能重叠。在第二版本中，基本设计还具有能量间隔 E54大约90 meV，1级和1级不必在空间上相互接近，只要等级2与这两个级别都有重大的重叠。 在第三版本中，从级别2向下转换至少有三个最终级别（1,1'和1“）。级别1,1'和1”中的每一个具有不均匀的平方 波函数分布。

公开(公告)号：US20130010823A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-10

申请号：US13542461

申请日：2012-07-05

申请人： Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

发明人： Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

IPC分类号： H01S5/34

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/0014

摘要： A quantum cascade laser having a lower laser level backfilling given by an equation that accounts for the degeneracy of energy states due to the presence of multiple subbands. For mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers at room temperature and a typical number of injector subbands, the voltage defect is between 90 meV and 110 meV at a current density of 80% of the rollover current density.

摘要翻译： 量子级联激光器具有较低的激光水平回填，由考虑由于存在多个子带的能量状态的简并性的等式给出。 对于在室温下的中红外量子级联激光器和典型数量的注入子子带，在电流密度为翻转电流密度的80％时，电压缺陷在90meV至110meV之间。

公开(公告)号：US08121164B1

公开(公告)日：2012-02-21

申请号：US12976856

申请日：2010-12-22

申请人： Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Richard Maulini ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

发明人： Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Richard Maulini ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

IPC分类号： H01S5/00

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/3403 ,  H01S5/3407

摘要： A quantum cascade laser (QCL) having a bias-neutral design and a semiconductor with multiple layers of AlxIn1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs. The first active region barrier has a thickness of less than fourteen angstroms, and the second active region barrier has a thickness of less than eleven angstroms. The lower active region wavefunction overlaps with each of the injector level wavefunctions. Also, the laser transition is vertical at a bias close to roll-over. The injector level 3′ is above a lower laser level 3, the injector level 2′ is below the lower laser level 3, and the active region level 2 is confined to the active region. The lower laser level 3 is separated from the active region level 2 by the energy of the LO phonon. The remaining active region states and the remaining injector states are either above the lower laser level 3 or significantly below the active region level 2.

摘要翻译： 具有偏置中性设计的量子级联激光器（QCL）和具有多层AlxIn1-xAs / InyGa1-yAs的半导体。 第一有源区屏障的厚度小于十四埃，第二有源区屏障的厚度小于十一埃。 下部有源区波函数与每个喷射器水平波函数重叠。 此外，激光转换在靠近翻转的偏压下是垂直的。 喷射器水平3'在较低的激光水平3之上，喷射器水平2'在下激光水平3之下，并且有源区域电平2被限制在有源区。 较低的激光水平3通过LO声子的能量与有源区域2相分离。 剩余的活动区域状态和剩余的喷射器状态或者在较低的激光水平3之上或显着低于有源区域水平2。

公开(公告)号：US20160322788A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-03

申请号：US14037964

申请日：2013-09-26

申请人： Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Richard Maulini ,  Arkadiy Lyakh

发明人： Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Richard Maulini ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

IPC分类号： H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/30 ,  H01S5/10

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  H01S5/1046 ,  H01S5/2018 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/3403 ,  H01S5/34306 ,  H01S5/34313 ,  H01S5/34346 ,  H01S5/34366

摘要： An improved longwave infrared quantum cascade laser. The improvement includes a strained composition, with x and y each between 0.53 and 1, an active region emitting at a wavelength equal to or greater than 8 μm, an energy spacing E54 equal to or greater than 50 meV, an energy spacing EC4 equal to or greater than 250 meV, and an optical waveguide with a cladding layer on each side of the active region. Each cladding layer has a doping level of about 2·1016 cm−3. The optical waveguide also has a top InP layer with a doping level of about 5·1016 cm−3 and a bottom InP layer with a doping level of about 5 1016 cm−3. Additionally, the optical waveguide has a plasmon layer with a doping level of about 8·1018 cm−3.

摘要翻译： 改进的长波红外量子级联激光器。 该改进包括应变组合物，x和y各自在0.53和1之间，发射波长等于或大于8μm的有源区，等于或大于50meV的能量间隔E54，等于或等于 或大于250meV，以及在有源区的每一侧上具有包层的光波导。 每个包层具有约2×1016cm-3的掺杂水平。 光波导还具有掺杂水平为约5×1016cm-3的顶部InP层和掺杂水平为约5×1016cm-3的底部InP层。 此外，光波导具有掺杂水平为约8×1018cm-3的等离子体膜。

公开(公告)号：US09608408B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-28

申请号：US14037964

申请日：2013-09-26

申请人： Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Richard Maulini ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

发明人： Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Richard Maulini ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  C. Kumar N. Patel

IPC分类号： H01S3/30 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S5/34 ,  H01S5/343 ,  H01S5/30 ,  H01S5/10

CPC分类号： H01S5/3402 ,  H01S5/1046 ,  H01S5/2018 ,  H01S5/305 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/3403 ,  H01S5/34306 ,  H01S5/34313 ,  H01S5/34346 ,  H01S5/34366

摘要： An improved longwave infrared quantum cascade laser. The improvement includes a strained InxGa1-xAs/AlyIn1-yAs composition, with x and y each between 0.53 and 1, an active region emitting at a wavelength equal to or greater than 8 μm, an energy spacing E54 equal to or greater than 50 meV, an energy spacing EC4 equal to or greater than 250 meV, and an optical waveguide with a cladding layer on each side of the active region. Each cladding layer has a doping level of about 2·1016 cm−3. The optical waveguide also has a top InP layer with a doping level of about 5·1016 cm−3 and a bottom InP layer with a doping level of about 5 1016 cm−3. Additionally, the optical waveguide has a plasmon layer with a doping level of about 8·1018 cm−3.

公开(公告)号：US08068524B1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-29

申请号：US12980164

申请日：2010-12-28

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Arkadiy Lyakh ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Richard Maulini

IPC分类号： H01S3/04

CPC分类号： H01S5/02476 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/02272 ,  H01S5/3402

摘要： A submount for a semiconductor laser. The submount has a layer of silicon carbide (SiC) and a layer of aluminum nitride (AlN) deposited on the layer of SiC. The submount is bonded to the InP-based laser by a hard solder applied to the AlN layer. Preferably, the thickness of the AlN layer is ten to twenty microns, the thickness of the SiC layer is two hundred fifty microns, and the solder is a gold-tin (AuSn) eutectic. The semiconductor laser may be a quantum cascade laser (QCL). Similar combinations of submount materials can be found for other semiconductor laser material systems and types.

摘要翻译： 半导体激光器的基座。 基座具有沉积在SiC层上的碳化硅层（SiC）和氮化铝层（AlN）层。 底座通过施加到AlN层的硬焊料与InP基激光器结合。 优选地，AlN层的厚度为10至20微米，SiC层的厚度为二百五十微米，并且焊料是金 - 锡（AuSn）共晶。 半导体激光器可以是量子级联激光器（QCL）。 对于其他半导体激光材料系统和类型，可以找到相似的基座材料组合。

公开(公告)号：US20110158270A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-30

申请号：US13042248

申请日：2011-03-07

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

IPC分类号： H01S3/13

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/06255 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/1092 ,  H01S5/141 ,  H01S5/3401

摘要： Methods and apparatus for broad tuning of single wavelength quantum cascade lasers and the use of light output from such lasers for highly sensitive detection of trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide, acetylene, and vapors of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and TATP's precursors including acetone and hydrogen peroxide. These methods and apparatus are also suitable for high sensitivity high selectivity detection of other chemical compounds including chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) system that better achieves single mode, continuous, mode-hop free tuning for use in L-PAS (laser photoacoustic spectroscopy) by independently coordinating gain chip current, diffraction grating angle and external cavity length is described. An all mechanical method that achieves similar performance is also described. Additionally, methods for improving the sensor performance by critical selection of wavelengths are presented.

摘要翻译： 用于单波长量子级联激光器的广泛调谐的方法和装置以及来自这种激光器的光输出的用途用于高灵敏度检测痕量气体如二氧化氮，乙炔和诸如三硝基甲苯（TNT）和三丙酮三过氧化物（TATP）的爆炸物的蒸气 ）和TATP的前体，包括丙酮和过氧化氢。 这些方法和装置也适用于其他化学化合物（包括化学战剂和有毒工业化学品）的高灵敏度高选择性检测。 描述了通过独立协调增益芯片电流，衍射光栅角度和外部腔长度，更好地实现用于L-PAS（激光光声光谱）的单模，连续，无跳跃自由调谐的量子级联激光器（QCL）系统。 还描述了实现类似性能的全部机械方法。 另外，提出了通过关键选择波长来提高传感器性能的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20110103416A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

申请号：US12917376

申请日：2010-11-01

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

IPC分类号： H01S3/04

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/06255 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/1092 ,  H01S5/141 ,  H01S5/3401

摘要： Methods and apparatus for broad tuning of single wavelength quantum cascade lasers and the use of light output from such lasers for highly sensitive detection of trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide, acetylene, and vapors of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and TATP's precursors including acetone and hydrogen peroxide. These methods and apparatus are also suitable for high sensitivity, high selectivity detection of other chemical compounds including chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) system that better achieves single mode, continuous, mode-hop free tuning for use in L-PAS (laser photoacoustic spectroscopy) by independently coordinating gain chip current, diffraction grating angle and external cavity length is described. An all mechanical method that achieves similar performance is also described. Additionally, methods for improving the sensor performance by critical selection of wavelengths are presented.

摘要翻译： 用于单波长量子级联激光器的广泛调谐的方法和装置以及来自这种激光器的光输出的用途用于高灵敏度检测痕量气体如二氧化氮，乙炔和诸如三硝基甲苯（TNT）和三丙酮三过氧化物（TATP）的爆炸物的蒸气 ）和TATP的前体，包括丙酮和过氧化氢。 这些方法和装置也适用于其他化学化合物（包括化学战剂和有毒工业化学品）的高灵敏度，高选择性检测。 描述了通过独立协调增益芯片电流，衍射光栅角度和外部腔长度，更好地实现用于L-PAS（激光光声光谱）的单模，连续，无跳跃自由调谐的量子级联激光器（QCL）系统。 还描述了实现类似性能的全部机械方法。 另外，提出了通过关键选择波长来提高传感器性能的方法。

公开(公告)号：US07903704B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-08

申请号：US11821528

申请日：2007-06-22

申请人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

发明人： C. Kumar N. Patel ,  Ilya Dunayevskiy ,  Manu Prasanna ,  Rowel C. Go ,  Alexei Tsekoun ,  Michael Pushkarsky ,  Richard Maulini

IPC分类号： H01S3/13

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/06255 ,  H01S5/0654 ,  H01S5/1092 ,  H01S5/141 ,  H01S5/3401

摘要： Methods and apparatus for broad tuning of single wavelength quantum cascade lasers and the use of light output from such lasers for highly sensitive detection of trace gases such as nitrogen dioxide, acetylene, and vapors of explosives such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and TATP's precursors including acetone and hydrogen peroxide. These methods and apparatus are also suitable for high sensitivity, high selectivity detection of other chemical compounds including chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals. A quantum cascade laser (QCL) system that better achieves single mode, continuous, mode-hop free tuning for use in L-PAS (laser photoacoustic spectroscopy) by independently coordinating gain chip current, diffraction grating angle and external cavity length is described. An all mechanical method that achieves similar performance is also described. Additionally, methods for improving the sensor performance by critical selection of wavelengths are presented.

摘要翻译： 用于单波长量子级联激光器的广泛调谐的方法和装置以及来自这种激光器的光输出的用途用于高灵敏度检测痕量气体如二氧化氮，乙炔和诸如三硝基甲苯（TNT）和三丙酮三过氧化物（TATP）的爆炸物的蒸气 ）和TATP的前体，包括丙酮和过氧化氢。 这些方法和装置也适用于其他化学化合物（包括化学战剂和有毒工业化学品）的高灵敏度，高选择性检测。 描述了通过独立协调增益芯片电流，衍射光栅角度和外部腔长度，更好地实现用于L-PAS（激光光声光谱）的单模，连续，无跳跃自由调谐的量子级联激光器（QCL）系统。 还描述了实现类似性能的全部机械方法。 另外，提出了通过关键选择波长来提高传感器性能的方法。