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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06731397B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-04
申请号：US09316731
申请日：1999-05-21
IPC分类号： G06K100
CPC分类号： H01L27/14647 , H04N5/3696 , H04N9/045
摘要： A method for storing digital information from an image sensor comprises the steps of providing an image sensor producing three-color output data at each of a plurality of pixel locations; providing a digital storage device coupled to the image sensor; sensing three-color digital output data from the image sensor; and storing said three-color output data as digital data in the digital storage device without performing any interpolation on the three-color output data. The data may be compressed prior to storage and expanded after retrieval from storage. In a preferred embodiment, the image sensor comprises a triple-junction active pixel sensor array.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从图像传感器存储数字信息的方法包括以下步骤：在多个像素位置的每一个处提供产生三色输出数据的图像传感器; 提供耦合到所述图像传感器的数字存储设备; 从图像传感器感测三色数字输出数据; 并将所述三色输出数据作为数字数据存储在数字存储装置中，而不对三色输出数据进行任何插值。 数据可以在存储之前被压缩，并在从存储器检索之后被扩展。 在优选实施例中，图像传感器包括三结有源像素传感器阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US5319268A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-07
申请号：US978210
申请日：1992-11-18
申请人： Richard F. Lyon , Tobias Delbruck , Carver A. Mead
发明人： Richard F. Lyon , Tobias Delbruck , Carver A. Mead
CPC分类号： G06G7/1928
摘要： A first and a second MOS transistor of the same conductivity type are connected in series between a load and a fixed voltage source. The gates of the first and second MOS transistors are connected to sources of input voltage which are of a magnitude smaller than the threshold voltages of the two MOS transistors. The first MOS transistor located next to the load is kept in saturation. A related circuit includes a first and a second MOS transistor of the same conductivity type are connected in series between a load and a fixed voltage source. The first MOS transistor located next to the load is kept in saturation. The gates of the first and second MOS transistors are connected to the gates of third and fourth diode-connected MOS transistors of the same conductivity type as the first and second MOS transistors. The third MOS transistor is connected between a first input current node and a fixed voltage source. The fourth MOS transistor is connected between a second input current node and a fixed voltage source. The third and fourth MOS transistors may alternatively be connected to first and second input transistors and a bias transistor arranged as in a differential amplifier. At least one diode-connected transistor is included in series with at least one of the transistors which has a gate connected to an input voltage.
摘要翻译： 相同导电类型的第一和第二MOS晶体管串联连接在负载和固定电压源之间。 第一和第二MOS晶体管的栅极连接到比两个MOS晶体管的阈值电压小的输入电压源。 位于负载旁边的第一个MOS晶体管保持饱和。 相关电路包括相同导电类型的第一和第二MOS晶体管串联连接在负载和固定电压源之间。 位于负载旁边的第一个MOS晶体管保持饱和。 第一和第二MOS晶体管的栅极连接到与第一和第二MOS晶体管相同导电类型的第三和第二二极管连接的MOS晶体管的栅极。 第三MOS晶体管连接在第一输入电流节点和固定电压源之间。 第四MOS晶体管连接在第二输入电流节点和固定电压源之间。 第三和第四MOS晶体管可以替代地连接到第一和第二输入晶体管以及与差分放大器一样布置的偏置晶体管。 至少一个二极管连接的晶体管与至少一个具有连接到输入电压的栅极的晶体管串联包括。
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公开(公告)号：US4771196A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US81861
申请日：1987-08-05
申请人： Carver A. Mead , Richard F. Lyon
发明人： Carver A. Mead , Richard F. Lyon
CPC分类号： G06G7/60 , H03K5/133 , H04R25/356 , H03K2005/00045 , H03K2005/00156 , H03K2005/00202 , H03K2005/00208
摘要： An electronically variable active analog delay line utilizes cascaded differential transconductance amplifiers with integrating capacitors and negative feedback from the output to the input of each noninverting amplifier. The delay of each section may be controlled through a conductor having distributed resistance connected at distributed points to the transconductance control terminal of the amplifiers with a controllable voltage gradient between the two ends of the conductor. Signals may be coupled in and added to a propagating signal using capacitors, or transconductance amplifiers which may also be of the differential transconductance type, particularly when coupling signals from a second delay line having substantially the same propagation velocity. The differential transconductance amplifiers may be arranged in pairs, each pair with positive feedback from the output terminal of the second to the input terminal of the first amplifier of the pair through a third differential amplifier with positive feedback from its own output terminal. The transconductances of the cascaded amplifiers are controlled in each section to produce the desired time-constant (delay) of the section, and the transconductance of the positive feedback amplifier is controlled for stable operation and gain control of the section.
摘要翻译： 电子可变有源模拟延迟线采用级联差分跨导放大器，其具有积分电容器和从每个反相放大器的输出到输入的负反馈。 每个部分的延迟可以通过具有分布电阻的导体来控制，该导体在分布点处连接到具有在导体的两端之间的可控电压梯度的放大器的跨导控制端。 信号可以使用电容器或跨导放大器耦合到传播信号中，跨导放大器也可以是差分跨导型，特别是当耦合来自具有基本上相同传播速度的第二延迟线的信号时。 差分跨导放大器可以成对布置，每对具有通过来自其自己的输出端的具有正反馈的第三差分放大器从第二放大器的第二放大器的输出端到第二放大器的输入端的正反馈。 在每个部分中控制级联放大器的跨导，以产生该部分的期望时间常数（延迟），并且控制正反馈放大器的跨导以使该部分的稳定操作和增益控制。
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公开(公告)号：US06853404B1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US09075777
申请日：1998-05-11
IPC分类号： H04N5/225
CPC分类号： H04N5/2251
摘要： An electronic view camera integrates a camera head assembly and laptop computer into a tripod mountable unified structure. The rigid frame, that unifies the camera head and computer, accommodates a choice of laptop type computers from a variety of different manufacturers. The open front, back and side design of the rigid frame permits ready access for electrical connections and for access to removable storage devices, keyboard, and pointing device. The computer LCD acts as a large screen viewfinder for the camera and has the “feel” of a professional type view camera rather than the “feel” of a computer system with a photographic peripheral.
摘要翻译： 电子摄像机将摄像头组件和膝上型计算机集成到三脚架可安装的统一结构中。 将相机头和计算机相结合的刚性框架可以满足各种不同制造商的笔记本电脑的选择。 刚性框架的开放的前部，后部和侧面设计允许电气连接和访问可移动存储设备，键盘和指点设备的准备就绪。 计算机LCD作为相机的大屏幕取景器，具有专业型摄像机的“感觉”，而不是具有摄影外围设备的计算机系统的“感觉”。
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5.发明授权Exposure control in electronic cameras by detecting overflow from active pixels 有权通过检测有源像素的溢出来在电子照相机中进行曝光控制公开(公告)号：US06833871B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-21
申请号：US09872070
申请日：2001-07-16
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H04N5/353 , H04N5/35572 , H04N5/3559 , H04N5/3594 , H04N5/361 , H04N5/37452
摘要： A method for controlling the exposure of an active pixel array electronic still camera includes the steps of: integrating photocurrent in each pixel during an integration time period; collecting overflow charge from all pixels in the array during the integration time period; developing an overflow signal as a function of the overflow charge; and terminating the integration time period when the overflow signal exceeds a preset threshold level selected to represent a desired reference exposure level. Apparatus for performing the method of the present invention includes circuitry for integrating photocurrent in each pixel during a integration time period; circuitry for diverting and detecting overflow charge from all pixels in the array during the integration time period; circuitry for developing an overflow signal as a function of the overflow charge; and circuitry for terminating said integration time period when the overflow signal exceeds a preset threshold level selected to represent a desired reference exposure level.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制有源像素阵列电子静态照相机的曝光的方法包括以下步骤：在积分时间段内对每个像素中的光电流进行积分; 在积分时间段期间从阵列中的所有像素收集溢出电荷; 产生作为溢流电荷的函数的溢出信号; 并且当溢出信号超过所选择的预设阈值水平以表示期望的参考曝光水平时终止积分时间段。 用于执行本发明的方法的装置包括用于在积分时间段期间在每个像素中积分光电流的电路; 用于在积分时间段期间转移和检测阵列中所有像素的溢出电荷的电路; 作为溢出电荷的函数产生溢出信号的电路; 以及用于当溢出信号超过被选择以表示期望的参考曝光水平的预设阈值电平时终止所述积分时间段的电路。
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6.发明授权Intra-pixel frame storage element, array, and electronic shutter method suitable for electronic still camera applications 有权适用于电子静物照相机应用的像素内像素帧存储元件，阵列和电子快门方法公开(公告)号：US06741283B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-25
申请号：US09724393
申请日：2000-11-28
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H04N5/353 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14623 , H01L27/14643 , H04N5/374 , H04N5/37452
摘要： A storage pixel sensor disposed on a semiconductor substrate comprises a capacitive storage element having a first terminal connected to a fixed potential and a second terminal. A photodiode has an anode connected to a first potential and a cathode. A semiconductor reset switch has a first terminal connected to the cathode and a second terminal connected to a reset potential. A semiconductor transfer switch has a first terminal connected to the cathode and a second terminal connected to the second terminal of the capacitive storage element. A semiconductor amplifier has an input connected to the capacitive storage element and an output. The semiconductor reset switch and the semiconductor transfer switch each have a control element connected to a control circuit for selectively activating the semiconductor reset switch and the semiconductor transfer switch. A light shield is disposed over portions of the semiconductor substrate comprising a circuit node including the second terminal of the semiconductor transfer switch, the second terminal of the capacitive storage element and the input of the semiconductor amplifier and to prevent substantially all photons from entering the circuit node. Structures are present for preventing substantially all minority carriers generated in the semiconductor substrate from entering the circuit node. A plurality of storage pixel sensors are disposed in an array.
摘要翻译： 设置在半导体衬底上的存储像素传感器包括具有连接到固定电位的第一端子和第二端子的电容性存储元件。 光电二极管具有连接到第一电位和阴极的阳极。 半导体复位开关具有连接到阴极的第一端子和连接到复位电位的第二端子。 半导体转移开关具有连接到阴极的第一端子和连接到电容性存储元件的第二端子的第二端子。 半导体放大器具有连接到电容性存储元件的输入端和输出端。 半导体复位开关和半导体转移开关各自具有连接到用于选择性地激活半导体复位开关和半导体转移开关的控制电路的控制元件。 光屏蔽设置在半导体衬底的包括电路节点的部分上的部分上，该电路节点包括半导体转移开关的第二端子，电容性存储元件的第二端子和半导体放大器的输入端，并且基本上防止所有的光子进入电路 节点。 存在用于防止在半导体衬底中产生的基本上所有少数载流子进入电路节点的结构。 多个存储像素传感器被布置成阵列。
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7.发明授权Exposure control in electronic cameras by detecting overflow from active pixels 失效通过检测有源像素的溢出来在电子照相机中进行曝光控制公开(公告)号：US06452633B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09031333
申请日：1998-02-26
IPC分类号： H01L27148
CPC分类号： H04N5/353 , H04N5/35572 , H04N5/3559 , H04N5/3594 , H04N5/361 , H04N5/37452
摘要： A method for controlling the exposure of an active pixel array electronic still camera includes the steps of: integrating photocurrent in each pixel during an integration time period; collecting overflow charge from all pixels in the array during the integration time period; developing an overflow signal as a function of the overflow charge; and terminating the integration time period when the overflow signal exceeds a preset threshold level selected to represent a desired reference exposure level. Apparatus for performing the method of the present invention includes circuitry for integrating photocurrent in each pixel during a integration time period; circuitry for diverting and detecting overflow charge from all pixels in the array during the integration time period; circuitry for developing an overflow signal as a function of the overflow charge; and circuitry for terminating said integration time period when the overflow signal exceeds a preset threshold level selected to represent a desired reference exposure level.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制有源像素阵列电子静态照相机的曝光的方法包括以下步骤：在积分时间段内对每个像素中的光电流进行积分; 在积分时间段期间从阵列中的所有像素收集溢出电荷; 产生作为溢流电荷的函数的溢出信号; 并且当溢出信号超过所选择的预设阈值水平以表示期望的参考曝光水平时终止积分时间段。 用于执行本发明的方法的装置包括用于在积分时间段期间在每个像素中积分光电流的电路; 用于在积分时间段期间转移和检测阵列中所有像素的溢出电荷的电路; 作为溢出电荷的函数产生溢出信号的电路; 以及用于当溢出信号超过被选择以表示期望的参考曝光水平的预设阈值电平时终止所述积分时间段的电路。
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8.发明授权Method for storing and retrieving data from an imaging array of vertical-color-filter detector groups 有权用于从垂直彩色滤光片检测器组的成像阵列中存储和检索数据的方法公开(公告)号：US06934050B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-23
申请号：US10091361
申请日：2002-03-04
CPC分类号： H01L27/14647 , H04N5/3696 , H04N9/045
摘要： A method for storing a full Red, Green, Blue (RGB) data set. A full RGB data set is three-color image data captured with an imager array formed on a semiconductor substrate and comprising a plurality of vertical-color-filter detector groups. Each of the vertical color detector groups comprises three detector layers each configured to collect photo-generated carriers of a first polarity, separated by intervening reference layers configured to collect and conduct away photo-generated carriers of opposite polarity, the three detector layers being disposed substantially in vertical alignment with respect to one another and having different spectral sensitivities. The three-color image data is then stored as digital data in a digital storage device without performing interpolation on the three-color image data.
摘要翻译： 一种用于存储完整的红，绿，蓝（RGB）数据集的方法。 完整的RGB数据组是由形成在半导体衬底上并包括多个垂直彩色滤光片检测器组的成像器阵列捕获的三色图像数据。 每个垂直颜色检测器组包括三个检测器层，每个检测器层被配置为收集由第一极性的光生载流子分开的中间参考层，其被配置成收集并导出相反极性的光生载流子，三个检测器层基本上 相对于彼此垂直对准并且具有不同的光谱灵敏度。 然后，三色图像数据作为数字数据存储在数字存储装置中，而不对三色图像数据进行插值。
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公开(公告)号：US06794627B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US10001438
申请日：2001-10-24
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H04N5/3765 , H04N5/347
摘要： An image sensor includes a plurality of active pixel sensors arranged in an array. Each active pixel sensor includes a photosensor that generates a sensor signal nominally indicative of an intensity of light incident on the photosensor and a follower-type amplifier that couples the sensor signal to an output of the active pixel sensor to provide a buffered sensor signal. A column line is provided for each column in the array, and each column line is coupled to the output of the active pixel sensors associated with that column. Row select signal generating circuitry is configured to substantially simultaneously select a set of plural particular rows of the array such that each of the active pixel sensors in the selected set of plural particular rows substantially simultaneously provides the buffered sensor signal for that pixel sensor to the column line for the column to which that pixel sensor belongs such that an output node of the column line indicates a collective output signal for the active pixel sensors in the selected set of plural particular rows, belonging to that column. Column select signal generating circuitry configured to substantially simultaneously select a set of plural particular columns of the array such that the output nodes for the selected plural particular columns are substantially simultaneously coupled to an output node of the image sensor.
摘要翻译： 图像传感器包括排列成阵列的多个有源像素传感器。 每个有源像素传感器包括一个光电传感器，它生成一个传感器信号，该传感器信号通常表示入射在光电传感器上的光的强度;以及跟随器型放大器，将传感器信号耦合到有源像素传感器的输出端，以提供缓冲的传感器信号。 为阵列中的每列提供列线，并且每个列线耦合到与该列相关联的有源像素传感器的输出。 行选择信号生成电路被配置为基本上同时选择阵列的多个特定行的集合，使得所选择的多个特定行中的每个有源像素传感器基本上同时向该列提供用于该像素传感器的缓冲的传感器信号 该像素传感器所属的列的行，使得列线的输出节点指示属于该列的所选择的多个特定行的集合中的活动像素传感器的集体输出信号。 列选择信号生成电路被配置为基本上同时选择阵列的多个特定列的集合，使得所选择的多个特定列的输出节点基本上同时耦合到图像传感器的输出节点。
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10.发明授权Intra-pixel frame storage element, array, and electronic shutter method suitable for electronic still camera applications 失效适用于电子静物照相机应用的像素内像素帧存储元件，阵列和电子快门方法公开(公告)号：US06369853B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-09
申请号：US08969383
申请日：1997-11-13
IPC分类号： H04N314
CPC分类号： H04N5/353 , H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14623 , H01L27/14643 , H04N5/374 , H04N5/37452
摘要： A storage pixel sensor disposed on a semiconductor substrate comprises a capacitive storage element having a first terminal connected to a fixed potential and a second terminal. A photodiode has an anode connected to a first potential and a cathode. A semiconductor reset switch has a first terminal connected to the cathode and a second terminal connected to a reset potential. A semiconductor transfer switch has a first terminal connected to the cathode and a second terminal connected to the second terminal of the capacitive storage element. A semiconductor amplifier has an input connected to the capacitive storage element and an output. The semiconductor reset switch and the semiconductor transfer switch each have a control element connected to a control circuit for selectively activating the semiconductor reset switch and the semiconductor transfer switch. A light shield is disposed over portions of the semiconductor substrate comprising a circuit node including the second terminal of the semiconductor transfer switch, the second terminal of the capacitive storage element and the input of the semiconductor amplifier and to prevent substantially all photons from entering the circuit node. Structures are present for preventing substantially all minority carriers generated in the semiconductor substrate from entering the circuit node. A plurality of storage pixel sensors are disposed in an array.
摘要翻译： 设置在半导体衬底上的存储像素传感器包括具有连接到固定电位的第一端子和第二端子的电容性存储元件。 光电二极管具有连接到第一电位和阴极的阳极。 半导体复位开关具有连接到阴极的第一端子和连接到复位电位的第二端子。 半导体转移开关具有连接到阴极的第一端子和连接到电容性存储元件的第二端子的第二端子。 半导体放大器具有连接到电容性存储元件的输入端和输出端。 半导体复位开关和半导体转移开关各自具有连接到用于选择性地激活半导体复位开关和半导体转移开关的控制电路的控制元件。 光屏蔽设置在半导体衬底的包括电路节点的部分上的部分上，该电路节点包括半导体转移开关的第二端子，电容性存储元件的第二端子和半导体放大器的输入端，并且基本上防止所有的光子进入电路 节点。 存在用于防止在半导体衬底中产生的基本上所有少数载流子进入电路节点的结构。 多个存储像素传感器被布置成阵列。
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