摘要:
An method, and method of production thereof, which provides excellent performance, reduced cost, and reduced breakage due to reduced manual handling. The present invention comprises a substrate, a bond layer coating the substrate, a reflective layer coating the bond layer, and a radiative layer coating the reflective layer. Preferably, the radiative layer comprises SiO2, Si3N4 or SiOxNy, low absorbency of electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of approximately 200 nm to approximately 2500 nm and high absorbency and emissivity electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of approximately 2.5 &mgr;m to approximately 25 &mgr;m. Preferably, the bond layer comprises chromium, titanium, or titanium-tungsten and the substrate comprises aluminum, aluminum alloys, polyimide, carbon-filled polyimide, or carbon composite. The present invention may further comprise a barrier layer between the reflective layer and the radiative layer, preferably comprising MgF2, which improves adhesion between the reflective layer and the radiative layer during thermal cycling. The present invention may further comprise a surface-leveling layer between the substrate and the bond layer, preferably comprising a silicone hardcoat material, which improves surface smoothness of the substrate. The radiative layer may have a modulated refractive index profile. The parameters of the modulated refractive index profile of the radiative layer may control amplitude, bandwidth and wavelength of rejection bands of the radiative layer.
摘要翻译:一种方法及其制造方法,其由于减少手动处理而提供优异的性能,降低的成本和减少的破损。 本发明包括基板,涂覆基板的接合层,涂覆接合层的反射层和涂覆反射层的辐射层。 优选地,辐射层包括SiO 2,Si 3 N 4或SiO x N y,波长为约200nm至约2500nm的电磁辐射的低吸收性以及具有约2.5μm至约25μm波长的高吸收性和发射率电磁辐射。 优选地,结合层包括铬,钛或钛 - 钨,并且基底包括铝,铝合金,聚酰亚胺,填充碳的聚酰亚胺或碳复合材料。 本发明还可以包括在反射层和辐射层之间的优选包含MgF 2的阻挡层,其改善了热循环期间反射层和辐射层之间的粘附性。 本发明还可以包括在衬底和接合层之间的表面平整层,优选地包括硅氧烷硬涂层材料,其改善了衬底的表面光滑度。 辐射层可以具有调制的折射率分布。 辐射层的调制折射率分布的参数可以控制辐射层的抑制带的幅度,带宽和波长。
摘要:
Device of layered structures for optical reflectors and method for making the device. A device for providing environmental stability and mechanical integrity in space includes a substrate and a first silicon oxynitride layer on the substrate. The first silicon oxynitride layer has a tensile stress. Additionally, the device includes a second silicon oxynitride layer on the first silicon oxynitride layer. The second silicon oxynitride layer has a compressive stress.
摘要:
A metal halide gas discharge lamp (12) luminaire (10) includes an acrylic lens (22). The metal halide lamp (12) is subject to non-passive failure whereby not particles of quartz or ceramic arc tube (28) material and tungsten electrode (32, 34) material fall as hot (e.g. 1100 ° C.) debris. The interior, upper surface (24) of the lens (22) is ignition-resistant and, in exemplary embodiments, comprises a thin coating (44). In the event of non-passive failure of the lamp (12), hot debris particles fall on to the acrylic lens (22). Not only is there no flame, but hot debris particles do not sink into the material of the acrylic lens. Thus, containment is maintained.
摘要:
A method for removing chloride from an aqueous solution having an initial chloride ion (Cl−) weight concentration, comprising: adding a magnesium compound to the aqueous solution, magnesium ion weight concentration being less than about 20% of the initial chloride ion weight concentration; adding at least two compounds comprising calcium ions (Ca2+), hydroxide ions (OH−) and aluminate ions (AlO2−), wherein pH of the aqueous solution is greater than about 10 after addition of the at least two compounds; and stirring for precipitation.
摘要:
An apparatus including a housing having walls is provided. The walls of the housing each have inner surfaces and outer surfaces. The walls may include apertures extending from the inner surface to the outer surface. The inner surfaces of the walls define a volume. The volume includes an electrode. The volume further includes a water-controlling separator disposed between the inner surface of the housing and the electrode. The water-controlling separator can block a flow of liquid from the electrode through the apertures to the ambient environment while allowing oxidant to flow from the ambient environment through the apertures to the electrode.
摘要:
A desalination system and method of desalinating liquids are provided. The desalination system includes a supercapacitor desalination unit. A first liquid source to be desalinated is provided to the supercapacitor desalination unit while the system is in a charging mode of operation. A second liquid source comprising saturated or supersaturated liquid is provided to the supercapacitor desalination unit when the system is in a discharging mode of operation.
摘要:
A dual mode electrochemical system comprises a first electrode capable of storing hydrogen, a second electrode, a substantially electrically insulating and substantially ionically conducting membrane interposed therebetween and an electrolyte. In a first mode, upon introduction of water and electricity the dual mode electrochemical system electrolyzes the water in the presence of the electrolyte and produces hydrogen and oxygen across the membrane. The hydrogen is stored in the first electrode. In a second mode, upon introduction of an oxidant to the second electrode the dual mode electrochemical system produces water and electricity by reacting the stored hydrogen and the oxidant across the membrane.
摘要:
An electrochemical cell is provided. The cell may include at least one anode; at least one cathode; and an electrolyte composition contacting the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte composition may include an alkali and a hydrophilic additive having one or more functional groups effective for bonding with water.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for fabricating a high performance reflective material for use on scintillator elements in a computed tomograph (CT) imaging device. Adjacent scintillator elements are separated by gaps filled with a reflective coating layer. In one embodiment, the reflective coating layer consists of a surface level coating layer, an adhesion layer, a metallic reflective layer, and a top layer consisting of either a barrier coating layer or a polymeric encapsulant, or both. In another embodiment, the metallic reflective coating layer is applied to the scintillator element via an electroless metal deposition process utilizing a reducing agent and a metal complex. The CT reflectors formed by either embodiment have improved light output, minimized cross talk, higher geometric efficiency, and decreased performance degradation as compared with current CT reflectors that utilize organic binders and titanium dioxide fillers is achieved.
摘要:
The restaurant ordering system employing RFID of the invention comprises a central database, at least an ordering device, at least a serving device, at least a managing device, at least a RFID customer tag, and at least a RFID dish tag, wherein, the central database is used for storing customer information, personalized menus for frequent customers, payment programs, customer codes and dish codes; the order device further comprises a display and a RFID reader; the serving device further comprises a display and a RFID reader; the managing device further comprises a display and a RFID reader; the RFID customer tag is being used as the customer code; the RFID dish tag is being used as the dish code; and the central database, the ordering device, the serving device and the managing device are connected by an Ethernet.