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公开(公告)号：US5313944A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-24
申请号：US948386
申请日：1992-09-21
CPC分类号： A61B8/0808 , A61B5/04008
摘要： A biomagnetometer measures a magnetic field produced by a source within the body of a subject, using a magnetic field sensor system. The biomagnetometer includes an ultrasonic transceiver that determines the internal physical structure of the body with ultrasonic waves. An electromagnetic transmitter/receiver establishes the position of the ultrasonic transceiver relative to the magnetic field sensor system. A computer controls and integrates the magnetic field sensor system, the ultrasonic transceiver, and the electromagnetic transmitter/receiver. The biomagnetometer permits a direct association between the measured biomagnetic field and the location of the source within the body of the subject.
摘要翻译： 生物仪表使用磁场传感器系统测量由受试者身体内的源产生的磁场。 生物计量仪包括超声波收发器，其通过超声波确定身体的内部物理结构。 电磁发射器/接收器确定超声收发器相对于磁场传感器系统的位置。 计算机控制和集成磁场传感器系统，超声波收发器和电磁发射器/接收器。 生物计量仪允许测量的生物磁场与源在受试者身体内的位置之间的直接关联。
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公开(公告)号：US5158932A
公开(公告)日：1992-10-27
申请号：US551841
申请日：1990-07-17
申请人： Waldo S. Hinshaw , Douglas N. Paulson , David S. Buchanan , Eugene C. Hirschkoff , Mark S. DiIorio , William C. Black, Jr.
发明人： Waldo S. Hinshaw , Douglas N. Paulson , David S. Buchanan , Eugene C. Hirschkoff , Mark S. DiIorio , William C. Black, Jr.
IPC分类号： A61B5/04 , A61B5/05 , G01R33/035 , H01L39/22
CPC分类号： G01R33/0358 , A61B5/04008 , Y10S505/846
摘要： A biomagnetometer has a magnetic pickup coil positioned remotely from a detector and inductively coupled to the detector. The detector is preferably made from a low-temperature superconductor, while the pickup coil can be made of a high-temperature superconductor. The detector and pickup coil can therefore be placed into separate containers, with an inductive coupler between the containers. In one approach, the detector is maintained at liquid helium temperature, and the pickup coil and electrical connector are cooled by liquid nitrogen. The resulting biomagnetometer permits the container with the pickup coil to be moved and positioned easily, and to be changed readily between various configurations particularly suited for performing various functions.
摘要翻译： 生物计量仪具有远离检测器定位并感应耦合到检测器的磁拾波线圈。 检测器优选由低温超导体制成，而拾取线圈可由高温超导体制成。 因此，检测器和拾取线圈可以放置在容器之间的电感耦合器分开的容器中。 在一种方法中，检测器保持在液氦温度，并且拾取线圈和电连接器被液氮冷却。 所得到的生物计量仪允许具有拾取线圈的容器被容易地移动和定位，并且在各种配置之间容易地改变，特别适合于执行各种功能。
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公开(公告)号：US4468621A
公开(公告)日：1984-08-28
申请号：US341175
申请日：1982-01-20
申请人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
发明人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
CPC分类号： G01R33/54
摘要： Spatially discriminated information is obtained by appropriate processing of data derived from a series of pulsed N.M.R. operations performed with a magnetic field exhibiting a linear gradient whose magnitude is different for each operation. In obtaining a two-dimensional image of spin density distribution, coil sets (5 and 6) are used to generate magnetic field components giving x and y gradients, the former being changed stepwise in magnitude and the latter being fixed. For each value of x gradient, the sample (1) is irradiated with pulsed r.f. energy, resultant N.M.R. signals being detected by phase-sensitive detectors (19 and 20) whose outputs are regularly sampled by A-D converters (25 and 26). Processing of the complete sampled data by a computer (12) involves both Fourier transformation with respect to x gradient magnitude and Fourier transformation with respect to time. For sectional images a third coil set (7) is used to generate a component giving an alternating z gradient and the irradiation consists of a train of pulses.
摘要翻译： 通过适当处理从一系列脉冲N.M.R.得到的数据来获得空间辨别信息。 以表现出线性梯度的磁场执行的操作，其幅度对于每个操作是不同的。 在获得自旋密度分布的二维图像时，使用线圈组（5和6）来产生给出x和y梯度的磁场分量，前者在幅度上逐步变化，而后者是固定的。 对于x梯度的每个值，样品（1）用脉冲r.f. 能量，结果N.M.R. 信号由相位敏感检测器（19和20）检测，其输出由A-D转换器（25和26）定期采样。 由计算机（12）处理完整的采样数据涉及相对于x梯度幅度和相对于时间的傅里叶变换的傅里叶变换。 对于截面图像，第三线圈组（7）用于产生给出交替z梯度的分量，并且照射由一串脉冲组成。
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4.发明授权Systems and methods for detecting an image of an object by use of X-ray beams generated by multiple small area sources and by use of facing sides of adjacent monochromator crystals 有权通过使用由多个小区域源产生的X射线束和通过使用相邻单色器晶体的面对侧来检测物体的图像的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US08204174B2
公开(公告)日：2012-06-19
申请号：US12708579
申请日：2010-02-19
申请人： Dean Connor , Christopher Parham , Etta Pisano , Waldo S. Hinshaw , Zhong Zhong , Brian P. Wilfley
发明人： Dean Connor , Christopher Parham , Etta Pisano , Waldo S. Hinshaw , Zhong Zhong , Brian P. Wilfley
IPC分类号： G01N23/087 , G01N23/20 , G01N23/207 , G21K1/06
CPC分类号： A61B6/4035 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/482 , A61B6/502 , A61B6/5282 , A61B6/542 , G21K2201/062 , G21K2207/005 , H01J2235/068 , H01J2235/08
摘要： Systems and methods for detecting an image of an object by use of X-ray beams generated by multiple small area sources are disclosed. A plurality of monochromator crystals may be positioned to intercept the plurality of first X-ray beams such that a plurality of second X-ray beams each having predetermined energy levels is produced. Further, an object to be imaged may be positioned in paths of the second x-ray beams for transmission of the second X-ray beams through the object and emitting from the object a plurality of transmission X-ray beams. The X-ray beams may be directed at angles of incidence upon a plurality of analyzer crystals for detecting an image of the object.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过使用由多个小区域源产生的X射线束来检测物体的图像的系统和方法。 可以将多个单色器晶体定位成截取多个第一X射线束，使得产生多个具有预定能级的第二X射线束。 此外，要成像的物体可以位于第二X射线束的路径中，用于透过物体传输第二X射线束，并从物体发射多个透射X射线束。 X射线束可以以多个分析器晶体的入射角定向，以检测物体的图像。
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公开(公告)号：US06968031B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-22
申请号：US10709002
申请日：2004-04-06
申请人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
发明人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
CPC分类号： G06T11/003 , Y10S378/901
摘要： Two-dimensional or three-dimensional images of the distribution of a property of an object are formed by passing rays of radiation through the object and detecting how much each ray is attenuated. The Fourier transform is taken of each individual ray but only the zeroth term of the transform along the path of the ray is retained. Each of these transforms is added into a two or thee-dimensional array. If the three-dimensional distribution is being imaged, the transform is a plane of numbers, which is added into the three-dimensional array at right angles to the path of the ray. The numbers in the array are corrected for the non-uniform density of data. After enough such rays in enough different directions are applied, the distribution of the property is obtained by taking the inverse Fourier transform of the data in the array.
摘要翻译： 物体的属性分布的二维或三维图像是通过将辐射的光线通过对象形成的，并且检测每个光线被衰减多少。 对每个单独的光线进行傅里叶变换，但是仅保留沿着光线的路径的变换的第零项。 这些变换中的每一个被添加到二维或二维数组中。 如果三维分布被成像，则变换是数字平面，其被加到与光线的路径成直角的三维阵列中。 数组中的数字对于数据的不均匀密度进行了校正。 在足够的不同方向施加足够的这种光线之后，通过对阵列中的数据进行逆傅立叶变换来获得属性的分布。
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公开(公告)号：US4636728A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US621396
申请日：1984-06-18
IPC分类号： G01R33/38 , G01R33/385 , G01R33/20
CPC分类号： G01R33/385 , G01R33/381
摘要： The null point in the gradient field of an NMR imaging system is offset from its nominal position in the static magnetic field by application of a bias field to the gradient field. The bias field produces a substantially uniform offset in the field intensity at every point in the gradient field. Alternatively, null point offset may be achieved by controllably superimposing two gradient fields of separately located null points.
摘要翻译： NMR成像系统的梯度场中的零点通过向梯度场施加偏置场而偏离静态磁场中的标称位置。 偏置场在梯度场中的每个点处的场强度中产生基本均匀的偏移。 或者，可以通过可控地叠加分开定位的零点的两个梯度场来实现零点偏移。
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公开(公告)号：US4595879A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-17
申请号：US551244
申请日：1983-11-14
IPC分类号： G01F1/56 , G01R33/563 , G01R33/24
CPC分类号： G01F1/56 , G01R33/563
摘要： The effects of particle motion or flow within a sample may be measured by applying a motion-encoding gradient to the sample, along with spatial encoding gradients. The motion-encoding gradient applies two gradient fields of respective opposite sense to the spins of the sample so as to encode motion as a net phase component resulting from the two fields. Two image data sequences, one with motion encoding and one without, may be compared to measure the effects of motion, or a plurality of image data sequences may be taken, each with a different value motion-encoding gradient. A Fourier transformation performed on the sequence data in the latter case with respect to the variation in the motion-encoding gradient pulses will yield a plurality of images, each representing the amount of material which exhibits a different velocity.
摘要翻译： 颗粒运动或样品内流动的影响可以通过对样品应用运动编码梯度以及空间编码梯度来测量。 运动编码梯度对样本的自旋施加相应相反意义的两个梯度场，以便将运动编码为由两个场产生的净相位分量。 可以比较具有运动编码和不具有运动编码的两个图像数据序列，以测量运动的效果，或者可以采用多个图像数据序列，每个图像数据序列具有不同的值运动编码梯度。 对于后一种情况下针对运动编码梯度脉冲的变化执行的序列数据的傅立叶变换将产生多个图像，每个图像表示呈现不同速度的材料的量。
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公开(公告)号：US4184110A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：US909186
申请日：1978-05-24
申请人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
发明人： Waldo S. Hinshaw
CPC分类号： G01R33/3621 , G01R33/385 , G01R33/54
摘要： Nuclear magnetic resonance is excited in a sample subjected a magnetic field having a varying component which defines a localized volume approximating to a line or surface, the field within the localized volume being invariant with time but exhibiting a spatial gradient. The r.f. irradiation is in the form of a pulse train such that the signal received from the sample contains continuous wave components respectively dependent on the density of relevant nuclei in different regions of the localized volume. The amplitudes of these components are determined by coherently detecting the received signal, sampling the detected signal(s) and subjecting the resultant data to Fourier transformation.
摘要翻译： 核磁共振在受到具有限定近似于线或表面的局部体积的变化分量的磁场的样品中激发，局部体积内的场与时间不变但呈现空间梯度。 r.f. 照射是脉冲串的形式，使得从样本接收的信号包含分别取决于局部体积的不同区域中相关核的密度的连续波分量。 这些分量的振幅通过相干检测接收信号，对检测到的信号进行采样并对所得到的数据进行傅里叶变换来确定。
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9.发明申请SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING AN IMAGE OF AN OBJECT BY USE OF X-RAY BEAMS GENERATED BY MULTIPLE SMALL AREA SOURCES AND BY USE OF FACING SIDES OF ADJACENT MONOCHROMATOR CRYSTALS 有权通过使用多个小区域源生成的X射线来检测物体的图像的系统和方法，以及通过使用相邻单色晶体的表面。公开(公告)号：US20100310046A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-09
申请号：US12708579
申请日：2010-02-19
申请人： Dean Connor , Christopher Parham , Etta Pisano , Waldo S. Hinshaw , Zhong Zhong , Brian P. Wilfley
发明人： Dean Connor , Christopher Parham , Etta Pisano , Waldo S. Hinshaw , Zhong Zhong , Brian P. Wilfley
IPC分类号： G21K1/06
CPC分类号： A61B6/4035 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/482 , A61B6/502 , A61B6/5282 , A61B6/542 , G21K2201/062 , G21K2207/005 , H01J2235/068 , H01J2235/08
摘要： Systems and methods for detecting an image of an object by use of X-ray beams generated by multiple small area sources are disclosed. A plurality of monochromator crystals may be positioned to intercept the plurality of first X-ray beams such that a plurality of second X-ray beams each having predetermined energy levels is produced. Further, an object to be imaged may be positioned in paths of the second x-ray beams for transmission of the second X-ray beams through the object and emitting from the object a plurality of transmission X-ray beams. The X-ray beams may be directed at angles of incidence upon a plurality of analyzer crystals for detecting an image of the object.
摘要翻译： 公开了通过使用由多个小区域源产生的X射线束来检测物体的图像的系统和方法。 可以将多个单色器晶体定位成截取多个第一X射线束，使得产生多个具有预定能级的第二X射线束。 此外，要成像的物体可以位于第二X射线束的路径中，用于透过物体传输第二X射线束，并从物体发射多个透射X射线束。 X射线束可以以多个分析器晶体的入射角定向，以检测物体的图像。
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公开(公告)号：US4439733A
公开(公告)日：1984-03-27
申请号：US340134
申请日：1982-01-18
申请人： Waldo S. Hinshaw , Robert C. Gauss
发明人： Waldo S. Hinshaw , Robert C. Gauss
IPC分类号： A61B10/00 , A61B5/055 , G01N24/08 , G01N33/36 , G01R33/34 , G01R33/345 , G01R33/36 , H01F5/00 , G01R33/08
CPC分类号： G01R33/34076 , G01N24/08 , G01N33/36 , H01F5/00 , G01R33/345 , G01R33/3628
摘要： Apparatus for generating and detecting magnetic field components oscillating at a radio frequency in a direction transverse to a static magnetic field in a nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) system. The apparatus has a plurality of conductive elements spaced from one another and from the axis along which the static magnetic field is directed. The relative amplitudes of alternating currents in the conductive elements are controlled to generate a spatially uniform field. A preferred embodiment uses a standing wave in a coil assembly to control relative current amplitudes, which takes advantage of the current-phase characteristics of such waves. Detection of RF magnetic fields results from an EMF generated in the coil assembly in response to the time-varying magnetic field; the high Q of the coil assembly enhances detection properties.
摘要翻译： 用于产生和检测在核磁共振（NMR）系统中横向于静磁场的方向以射频振荡的磁场分量的装置。 该装置具有彼此间隔开的多个导电元件以及静止磁场所指向的轴线。 控制导电元件中的交流电流的相对幅度以产生空间均匀的场。 优选实施例使用线圈组件中的驻波来控制相对电流幅度，其利用这种波的电流相位特性。 响应于时变磁场，在线圈组件中产生的EMF产生RF磁场的检测; 线圈组件的高Q增强了检测性能。
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