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公开(公告)号：US5613557A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US448108
申请日：1995-05-23
申请人： Curtis G. Blount , Robert A. Benham , Jerry L. Brock , John A. Emerson , Keith R. Ferguson , Donald F. Scheve , Joseph H. Schmidt , Karl W. Schuler , Philip L. Stanton
发明人： Curtis G. Blount , Robert A. Benham , Jerry L. Brock , John A. Emerson , Keith R. Ferguson , Donald F. Scheve , Joseph H. Schmidt , Karl W. Schuler , Philip L. Stanton
IPC分类号： E21B23/06 , E21B29/10 , E21B33/12 , E21B33/134
CPC分类号： E21B23/06 , E21B29/10 , E21B33/12 , E21B33/134
摘要： Perforations and other openings in well casings, liners and other conduits may be substantially blocked or sealed to prevent fluid flow between the casing or liner interior and an earth formation by placing a radially expansible sleeve adjacent the perforations or openings and urging the sleeve into forcible engagement with the casing or inner wall using an explosive charge. An apparatus including a radially contracted sleeve formed by a coiled plate member or a tubular member having flutes defined by external and internal folds, may be deployed into a well casing or liner through a production or injection tubing string and on the end of a flexible cable or coilable tubing. An explosive charge disposed on the apparatus and within the sleeve may be detonated to urge the sleeve into forcible engagement with the casing inner wall.
摘要翻译： 井套管，衬管和其它管道中的穿孔和其他开口可以基本上被阻挡或密封，以通过将径向可膨胀的套管放置在穿孔或开口附近并促使套管强制接合以防止流体在套管或内衬内部和地层之间流动 套管或内壁使用炸药。 包括由螺旋板构件形成的径向收缩的套筒或具有由外部和内部折叠限定的槽纹的管状构件的装置可以通过生产或注入管柱并且在柔性电缆的端部部署到井套管或衬套中 或可卷曲管。 布置在设备上和套筒内的爆炸物可以被引爆以促使套管与壳体内壁强制接合。
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公开(公告)号：US5456319A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US282685
申请日：1994-07-29
申请人： Joseph H. Schmidt , James C. Abel , Curtis G. Blount , Keith R. Ferguson , Michael J. Bolkovatz
发明人： Joseph H. Schmidt , James C. Abel , Curtis G. Blount , Keith R. Ferguson , Michael J. Bolkovatz
IPC分类号： E21B23/06 , E21B29/10 , E21B33/12 , E21B33/134 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B29/10 , E21B23/06 , E21B33/12 , E21B33/134
摘要： Perforations and cracks in wellbore liners or casings may be temporarily or permanently covered by a radially-expansible, coiled sleeve member formed by a sheet of elastically-deflectable material such as stainless steel which is coiled and placed in a cylinder which may be conveyed into a well to a working position for deployment of the sleeve to expand into engagement with the casing wall to block the perforations or cracks. The cylinder includes a sleeve ejecting piston which may be urged to rapidly eject the sleeve from the cylinder by pressure fluid conveyed to the cylinder by coilable tubing or by a gas-generating charge material electrically connected to an E-line which also may be used to deploy the cylinder into its working position in the well.
摘要翻译： 井筒衬套或套管中的穿孔和裂缝可以暂时地或永久地被可膨胀的螺旋套筒构件所覆盖，该套筒构件由诸如不锈钢的可弹性偏转的材料片形成，该不锈钢盘卷并放置在可被输送到 以及用于部署套筒以扩展成与壳体壁接合以阻止穿孔或裂缝的工作位置。 气缸包括套筒弹出活塞，其可以被推动以通过可压缩管道或通过电连接到E线的气体发生充电材料的压力流体从气缸快速地排出套筒，该气体发生充电材料也可以用于 将气瓶部署到油井的工作位置。
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公开(公告)号：US5685374A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-11
申请号：US601192
申请日：1996-02-14
CPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B41/0057 , E21B43/40
摘要： Weakly consolidated hydrocarbon fluid bearing earth formation zones having a cohesive strength of about 500 psi or less are produced by completing a well penetrating the zone and initiating production of solids laden fluid from the zone through the well to generate a near wellbore cavity. Production of solids laden fluid is continued until the cavity grows to a point wherein the fluid velocity across the cavity face decreases to a value below the solids particulate transport velocity wherein continued production of fluid will result in a very low or negligible rate of production of solids particulates. Solids particulates are separated from the produced mixture at the surface, the solids are treated to reduce the particle size and reinjected in a slurry into a disposal well for disposal in a hydraulically fractured or disaggregated formation zone remote from the production zone. Cavity growth and production may be carried out by throttling a free flowing well or by artificial lift, preferably utilizing power fluid and a hydraulic jet pump or gas lift techniques.
摘要翻译： 具有约500psi或更小内聚强度的弱结合碳氢化合物流体承载的地层形成区域是通过完成穿透该区域并且从该区域穿过井开始产生固体含量流体以产生近井筒腔而产生的。 固体载体流体的生产继续进行，直到空腔生长到这样一个点，其中通过腔表面的流体速度降低到低于固体颗粒运输速度的值，其中流体的持续产生将导致非常低或可忽略的固体生产速率 颗粒物 将固体颗粒与表面处理的混合物分离，固体处理以减小颗粒尺寸，并将其重新注入浆料进入处理井，以便在远离生产区域的水压裂缝或分解形成区域中进行处置。 腔体生长和生产可以通过节流自由流动井或通过人工举升来进行，优选利用动力流体和液压喷射泵或气举技术进行。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5617921A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US535978
申请日：1995-09-29
IPC分类号： E21B43/26 , E21B43/267
CPC分类号： E21B43/26
摘要： Fractures are initiated or extended into fluid producing earth formations from a well by providing a reservoir of high pressure gas at the earth's surface together with a flow control valve or a frangible closure, such as a shear disk, interposed in a conduit connecting the reservoir to the well. The well is precharged with high pressure gas at a pressure less than or about the same as the reservoir gas pressure. Fracture initiation and/or extension may be carried out by firing the perforation gun and opening the flow control valve between the reservoir and the wellhead in timed relation or by allowing a pressure drop across a shear disk interposed between the reservoir and the wellhead to effect rupture of the shear disk to release the reservoir charge. In wells where perforations are already formed, a shear disk or other frangible closure in the well tubing may be ruptured to release a precharge of high pressure gas in the tubing string to begin fracture formation or extension followed by flow of high pressure gas discharged from the reservoir to continue the fracture initiation or extension.
摘要翻译： 通过在地球表面提供高压气体储存器以及流量控制阀或易碎封闭件（例如剪切盘）插入在将储存器连接到管道的管道中，从裂缝开始或延伸到产生流体的地层中 那个井 该井用低于或大约等于储层气体压力的压力对高压气体进行预充电。 断裂起始和/或延伸可以通过点火穿孔枪并按照定时关系打开储存器和井口之间的流量控制阀，或者通过允许插入在储层和井口之间的剪切盘上的压降来实现断裂 的剪切盘释放储层的电荷。 在已经形成穿孔的井中，井管中的剪切盘或其他易碎的封闭件可能被破裂，以释放管柱中的高压气体的预充气，以开始断裂形成或延伸，随后从 水库继续断裂开始或延伸。
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公开(公告)号：US5370187A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-06
申请号：US126945
申请日：1993-09-24
IPC分类号： E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B43/26
摘要： Hydraulic fractures are initiated or extended into earth formations from a first well by filling a space within the wellbore and a tubing string extending within the well with a fracturing fluid, placing the first well in fluid flow communication with a tubing string extending within a second well and increasing the pressure of fluid in the respective tubing strings sufficient to initiate or extend the fracture. The second well serves as an accumulator for accumulating a sufficient charge of pressure fluid, such as gas, to drive the fracturing fluid in the first well into the formation to a suitable extent.
摘要翻译： 液压裂缝从第一井开始或延伸到地层中，通过填充井眼内的空间和在井内延伸有压裂流体的管柱，将第一井与在第二井内延伸的油管柱流体流动连通 并且增加相应管柱中的流体的压力足以引发或延伸断裂。 第二井用作累积足够量的压力流体（例如气体）的蓄能器，以将第一井中的压裂流体驱动到地层中达到适当的程度。
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公开(公告)号：US06234143B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-22
申请号：US09356467
申请日：1999-07-19
IPC分类号： F02D1304
CPC分类号： F01L13/065 , F01L13/06 , F02D13/04
摘要： An engine exhaust braking method and apparatus is provided according to the invention. The engine exhaust braking method includes the steps of actuating an exhaust valve during an intake stroke of the engine, holding the exhaust valve open during a first portion of a compression stroke of the engine, and closing the exhaust valve when a corresponding piston of the engine is more than one-half way through a compression stroke, wherein a cylinder corresponding to the exhaust valve is precharged by higher pressure air from the exhaust manifold.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明提供了一种发动机排气制动方法和装置。 发动机排气制动方法包括以下步骤：在发动机的进气冲程期间致动排气阀，在发动机的压缩冲程的第一部分期间保持排气阀打开，并且当发动机的相应活塞 通过压缩行程超过一半，其中对应于排气阀的气缸由来自排气歧管的较高压力的空气预充电。
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公开(公告)号：US5358050A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-25
申请号：US32911
申请日：1993-03-18
申请人： Joseph H. Schmidt
发明人： Joseph H. Schmidt
摘要： Gas blowouts in wells are controlled by injecting a cohesive aqueous gel composition of hydroxypropyl guar gum, a borate salt cross-linking agent and a weighting agent such as silica flour, barite, hematite or iron oxide. The kill fluid is less susceptible to atomization than weighted drilling fluids, is readily available in most oil and gas field operations and may be rapidly prepared in quantities suitable for injecting into a well to control a gas blowout.
摘要翻译： 通过注射羟丙基瓜尔胶，硼酸盐交联剂和加重剂如二氧化硅粉，重晶石，赤铁矿或氧化铁的粘性水性凝胶组合物来控制孔中的气体吹出。 杀死液体比加权钻井液不太易于雾化，在大多数油气田操作中容易获得，并且可以以适于注入井中以控制气体井喷的量快速制备。
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8.发明授权Two-cycle compression braking on a four stroke engine using hydraulic lash adjustment 失效使用液压间隙调节在四冲程发动机上进行双循环压缩制动公开(公告)号：US06293248B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US09401844
申请日：1999-09-22
IPC分类号： F02D1304
CPC分类号： F01L13/06 , F01L1/181 , F01L1/24 , F01L2820/01
摘要： A two-cycle compression brake apparatus and braking method is provided according to the invention. The apparatus includes a positive power hydraulic lash adjuster positioned in a travel path of a power rocker arm and being capable of opening an associated at least one valve when a hydraulic fluid is held in the positive power hydraulic lash adjuster, and a compression brake hydraulic lash adjuster positioned on a compression brake rocker arm and positioned over the associated at least one engine valve and being capable of opening the associated at least one valve when a hydraulic fluid is held in the compression brake hydraulic lash adjuster, wherein in a compression braking mode the hydraulic fluid is held in the compression brake hydraulic lash adjuster to actuate the at least one associated valve while the positive power hydraulic lash adjuster does not actuate the at least one associated valve so that at least one exhaust valve is opened near a top dead center position of an associated piston while at least one intake valve is opened near a bottom dead center position of the associated piston to perform the two-cycle engine compression braking.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明提供了一种双循环压缩制动装置和制动方法。 该装置包括位于动力摇臂的行进路径中的正功率液压间隙调节器，并且当液压流体保持在正功率液压间隙调节器中时能够打开相关联的至少一个阀，并且压缩制动器液压间隙 调节器定位在压缩制动摇臂上并且定位在相关联的至少一个发动机气门上方，并且当液压流体保持在压缩制动器液压间隙调节器中时能够打开相关联的至少一个阀，其中在压缩制动模式中， 液压流体被保持在压缩制动器液压间隙调节器中以致动至少一个相关联的阀，而正功率液压间隙调节器不致动至少一个相关联的阀，使得至少一个排气门在上止点位置附近打开 在至少一个进气门在屁股的下死点位置附近打开时，该活塞被连接在一起 起动活塞进行双循环发动机的压缩制动。
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公开(公告)号：US5387737A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-07
申请号：US43323
申请日：1993-04-06
CPC分类号： E21B41/0057 , B09B1/008
摘要： Slurries of particulate solids wastes are injected into a disaggregated earth formation through an injection well by predetermining the formation to have a compressive stress in a range of about 300 psi to 2500 psi, a porosity of at least about twenty percent (20%) and disposed between overburden and underburden layers which have a substantially lower permeability than the disposal zone. The disposal zone is disaggregated or "liquified" by injecting substantially solids-free liquid followed by injection of the solids-laden slurry.
摘要翻译： 颗粒状固体废物的浆料通过预先确定形成以在约300psi至2500psi范围内的压缩应力，至少约百分之二十（20％）的孔隙度并经处理，通过注入井注入分解的地层中 在覆盖层和下覆层之间，其具有比处置区明显更低的渗透性。 通过注入基本上不含固体的液体，然后注入含固体的浆料，将处理区分解或“液化”。
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10.发明授权Method for selectively positioning proppants in high contrast permeability formations to enhance hydrocarbon recovery 失效选择性地将支撑剂定位在高对比度渗透性地层中以增强烃回收的方法公开(公告)号：US06860328B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-01
申请号：US10417759
申请日：2003-04-16
IPC分类号： C09K8/66 , C09K8/68 , E21B43/267 , E21B43/14
CPC分类号： E21B43/267 , C09K8/665 , C09K8/68 , C09K8/685
摘要： The present invention provides a method for enhancing the production of hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation. A hydrocarbon bearing formation, surrounding a well bore, is fractured with a fracturing fluid to create one or more fractures in the formation. The formation includes a higher permeability zone and a lower permeability zone with the fractures extending across both the higher and lower permeability zones. The lower permeability zone may contain a substantially higher concentration of hydrocarbons, oil and gas, than does the higher permeability zone which may generally be depleted of hydrocarbons. Proppant is then selectively positioned, such as by allowing the proppant to “float” in a carrier fluid to the top of the fracture, with a majority of the proppant being positioned in the lower permeability zone. The fracture is allowed to close about the proppant to create at least one high conductivity channel in the lower permeability zone.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种从地层提高烃的生产方法。 围绕井眼的含烃地层用压裂液断裂，以在地层中产生一个或多个裂缝。 该地层包括较高的渗透带和较低的渗透率区，裂缝延伸穿过高渗透区和低渗透带。 较低渗透性区域可能含有比通常可能耗尽碳氢化合物的较高渗透率区域更高浓度的烃，油和气体。 然后选择性地定位支撑剂，例如通过使支撑剂在载体流体中“漂浮”到裂缝的顶部，大部分支撑剂位于较低渗透性区域中。 允许骨折围绕支撑剂闭合，以在下渗透性区域中产生至少一个高导电通道。
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