摘要:
A DC pressure and temperature sensor system for sensing and measuring the DC pressure and temperature of a production fluid (such as oil, gas and water mixtures) in tubing, such as tubing used to extract production fluid from a drilled site. The sensor system includes at least one fluid sensor, but sometimes two. Only one is needed if either the DC pressure or temperature of the production fluid (but not both) is provided by an independent measurement. In general, though, the sensor system includes: a first and second fluid sensor, the first using a first sensing material, and the second using a second sensing material in which sound travels at a rate that depends on the DC pressure and temperature of the second sensing material in a measurably different way than for the first sensing material. Each sensing material is coupled to the production fluid, preferably via a thin-walled membrane, so as to be at a DC pressure and temperature that is, preferably, the same as for the production fluid. Each fluid sensor is used to provide information about the speed of sound in its sensing material, and since the speed of sound depends on the DC pressure and temperature of the sensing material, in providing information about the speed of sound, each fluid sensor also provides information about the DC pressure and temperature of the sensing material, which is either the same as that of the production fluid or can be correlated to that of the production fluid.
摘要:
A fiber optic strain gauge based flow rate measurement system includes two measurement regions located an average axial distance &Dgr;X apart along the pipe, the first measurement region having two fiber optic strain gauges located a distance X1 apart, and the second measurement region having two other fiber optic strain gauges located a distance X2 apart, each capable of measuring the unsteady pressure in the pipe 12. Signals from each pair of fiber optic strain gauges are differenced by summers to form spatial wavelength filters. Each spatial filter filters out acoustic pressure disturbances Pacoustic and other long wavelength pressure disturbances in the pipe and passes short-wavelength low-frequency vortical pressure disturbances Pvortical associated with the vortical flow field. The spatial filters provide signals to band pass filters that filter out high frequency signals. The Pvortical-dominated filtered signals from the two sensing regions are cross-correlated to determine a time delay &tgr; between the two sensing locations which is divided into the distance &Dgr;X to obtain a convection velocity Uc(t) that is related to an average flow rate of the fluid (i.e., one or more liquids and/or gases) flowing in the pipe 12. The invention may also be configured detect the velocity of any desired inhomogeneous pressure field in the flow.
摘要:
Non-intrusive pressure sensors 14-18 for measuring unsteady pressures within a pipe 12 include an optical fiber 10 wrapped in coils 20-24 around the circumference of the pipe 12. The length or change in length of the coils 20-24 is indicative of the unsteady pressure in the pipe. Bragg gratings 310-324 impressed in the fiber 10 may be used having reflection wavelengths &lgr; that relate to the unsteady pressure in the pipe. One or more of sensors 14-18 may be axially distributed along the fiber 10 using wavelength division multiplexing and/or time division multiplexing.
摘要:
An apparatus for non-intrusively sensing fluid flow within a pipe is provided. The apparatus includes a first sensing array for sensing acoustic signals traveling at the speed of sound through fluid flow within the pipe, a second sensing array for sensing local pressure variations traveling with the fluid flow, and a housing attached to the pipe for enclosing the sensing arrays. The first sensing array includes a plurality of first optical pressure sensors and the second sensing array includes a plurality of second optical pressure sensors.
摘要:
A pipe 16 having a produced fluid 18 (liquid an/or gas) and at least two acoustic pressure sensors 20-24, is provided with a cylindrical sleeve 30 attached to the pipe 16 at two locations around a sensing region where the sensors 20-24 are located, the sleeve forming a closed cavity 32 filled with a fluid (or material) having an acoustic impedance (&rgr;c2) that is much less than the acoustic impedance (&rgr;c1) of the produced fluid 18 in the pipe 16 (i.e., &rgr;c2
摘要:
A method and system for in situ calibrating a flow metering system to monitor fluid flow in a pipe from a well is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) measuring a first characteristic of the fluid flow exiting the well using a DP flow meter during a dry gas period, and producing an first output data representative of the first characteristic; b) measuring a second characteristic of the fluid flow exiting the well using a SONAR flow meter time during the dry gas period, and producing a second output data representative of the second characteristic; c) determining a dry gas offset between the DP flow meter and the SONAR flow meter based on the first output data and the second output data; and d) calibrating the flow metering system using the dry gas offset.
摘要:
A method for determining one or more fluid flow parameters for a fluid flowing within a pipe is provided. The fluid is a mixture of solid particles and gas. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a meter operable to determine the velocity of the fluid flow through the pipe, which meter is substantially insensitive to the particulate/gas mass ratio of the fluid flow; b) determining the velocity of the fluid flow within the pipe using the meter; and c) determining a particulate/gas mass ratio using a density value for the gas within the flow and the determined fluid flow velocity.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for determining at least one flow parameter of a fluid flowing within a pipe, which fluid contains particles entrained within the fluid flow is provided. The method includes the steps of: 1) determining a velocity of the fluid flow within the pipe; 2) sensing the impingement of particles on a surface wetted with the fluid flow, and producing a signal relating to the impingement; and 3) determining the at least one flow parameter of the fluid flow utilizing the determined fluid flow velocity and the sensor signal relating to impingement of the particles on the surface wetted with the fluid flow.
摘要:
A method of and apparatus for monitoring fluid flow passing within a pipe is provided. The method includes the steps of: a) providing a flow pressure value and a flow temperature value for the fluid flow within the pipe; b) providing a fluid flowmeter operable to be attached to an exterior of the pipe; c) providing a processor adapted to include an equation of state model for the pressure, volume, and temperature properties for the fluid flow, and further adapted to receive composition data values for the fluid flow, the flow pressure value, and the flow temperature value, and the flow velocity signals from the flowmeter; and d) determining a volumetric flow rate of one or more phases of the fluid flow.
摘要:
A damping device for a fluid flow meter mountable on the exterior of a pipe to meter fluid flow traveling within the pipe is provided. The flow meter has at least one ultrasonic sensor operable to transmit ultrasonic signals through a pipe wall in a direction normal to the pipe wall and into a fluid flow disposed within the pipe, which signals create secondary ultrasonic signals circumferentially traveling within the pipe wall at a frequency. The damping device includes a base and a plurality of tines. The base is conformable to an exterior surface of the pipe wall, and has a pipe-side surface and a tine-side surface. The plurality of tines is attached to the base and extends outwardly from the tine-side surface. Each tine is spaced apart from an adjacent tine by a tine-to-tine distance that is less than the wavelength of the secondary ultrasonic signals circumferentially propagating within the pipe wall.