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公开(公告)号：US5043925A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US393186
申请日：1989-08-14
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
CPC分类号： F23K3/00 , F23N1/002 , F23N2021/10 , F23N2023/40
摘要： A method and apparatus for modeling flow in a bunker detects material characteristics of material supplied to a bunker and predicts the type of flow from the sensed material characteristics. Material characteristics of the material subsequently discharged from the bunker are compared with the material characteristics of the material supplied to the bunker to verify the prediction of flow in the bunker. The method and apparatus can be applied to bunkers storing coal at a power plant where moisture content, heating value, sulphur, etc. are detected by a bulk material analyzer prior to being supplied to a plurality of bunkers. Even if the coal is subsequently mixed prior to combustion, estimates, an be made of the contribution of each bunker to the resulting heating value, moisture removed, sulphur, ash content, etc. An appropriate flow model predicting one of mass flow, rat hole flow and funnel flow can be selected based upon characteristics of the material supplied to and discharged from the bunkers.
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公开(公告)号：US4412910A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-01
申请号：US313447
申请日：1981-10-21
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
CPC分类号： C10J3/54 , C10G1/006 , C10G1/02 , C10J3/503 , C10J3/66 , C10J3/74 , C10J2300/0946 , C10J2300/0959 , C10J2300/0976 , C10J2300/1253 , C10J2300/1823
摘要： Raw shale is supplied to a pyrolyzer where it is pyrolyzed by fuel gas and hot spent shale derived from a gasifier. Typically, the raw shale is Eastern U.S. shale and the pyrolyzer includes a fluidized bed. The pyrolyzed shale having given up its oil and volatile hydrocarbons, rises to the top of the fluidized bed of raw shale where it is transferred to the gasifier. Oxygen and steam are supplied to the gasifier. This composite gas reacts with the carbon of the pyrolyzed shale in a fluidized bed to produce synthesis or fuel gas. The oxygen is supplied in such quantities as not to react completely with the carbon in the pyrolyzed shale. The steam reacts with the excess of carbon. Predominantly hydrogen and carbon monoxide are produced; in addition there is a smaller quantity of carbon dioxide and methane. This hot fuel gas is transferred to the pyrolyzer. In addition, hot spent shale is transferred to the pyrolyzer. The hot fuel gas fluidizes the raw shale in the pyrolyzer. The hot gas and the hot spent shale heat the raw shale separating the shale oil and product gas including volatile hydrocarbons. The oil is condensed and collected, the fuel gas is collected for utilization in the above process and also for other purposes.
摘要翻译： 原始页岩被供应到热解器，在那里它被燃料气体热解，并且来自气化器的热的废页岩被热解。 通常，原始页岩是东美国页岩，热解器包括流化床。 已经放弃其油和挥发性烃类的热解页岩上升到原始页岩流化床的顶部，在此被转移到气化炉。 氧气和蒸汽供应给气化器。 该复合气体在流化床中与热解页岩的碳气反应产生合成或燃料气体。 氧气的供应量不得与热解页岩中的碳完全反应。 蒸汽与过量的碳反应。 主要产生氢气和一氧化碳; 另外还有少量的二氧化碳和甲烷。 这种热燃气转移到热解器。 此外，热的页岩被转移到热解器。 热燃料气体在热解器中流化原始页岩。 热气和热废页岩加热了页岩油和包括挥发性烃类在内的产物气分离的原始页岩。 油被浓缩和收集，燃料气体被收集用于上述过程中并用于其它目的。
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公开(公告)号：US4996951A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-05
申请号：US476198
申请日：1990-02-07
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
IPC分类号： F22B37/56
CPC分类号： F22B37/56
摘要： A system and method for controlling soot removal in a heating device (2) in which heat energy is generated by combustion of a fuel, with accompanying production of soot, to produce combustion product gases, and heat energy is transferred from the product gases to a heated medium via a heat exchange surface on which the soot collects in a layer, by: producing (10) an indication of the present thickness of the soot layer; determining (12) the increase in cost of transferring heat energy to the heated medium due to the soot layer; and performing (4) a soot removal operation starting at a time selected on the basis of the determined cost increase.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制加热装置（2）中的烟灰去除的系统和方法，其中通过燃料的燃烧产生热能，伴随产生烟灰，产生燃烧产物气体和热能从产物气体转移到 通过以下方式产生（10）烟灰层的当前厚度的指示：通过其上所述烟灰聚集在一层中的热交换表面的加热介质; 确定（12）由于烟灰层将热能传递到加热介质的成本增加; 以及（4）从基于所确定的成本增加所选择的时间开始的烟灰去除操作。
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公开(公告)号：US4969408A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-13
申请号：US440138
申请日：1989-11-22
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
CPC分类号： F23N5/006 , F23N1/102 , F23N1/02 , F23N2021/10 , F23N2023/10 , F23N2023/40 , F23N2025/04 , F23N2025/08 , F23N2025/10 , F23N2025/16 , F23N2039/02 , F23N5/18
摘要： A system for monitoring combustion of coal in a boiler detects coal composition and heating value using a bulk material analyzer and determines an air/fuel mixture so that when the coal is burned oxygen is available throughout the boiler and the wall temperature of the boiler is maintained below the metallurgical limit and the surface temperature below the ash fusion temperature of the coal where slagging is not desired. The temperature and pressure of steam in the boiler, fuel and air flow rates and temperature and oxygen content of the stack gases are supplied to a boiler model. The boiler model predicts how varying the air supply rate affects sensible heat loss. Periodic measurements of unburned carbon in the ash produced by combustion of the coal are correlated with the operation of the boiler at the time that the ash was produced to provide a basis for estimating unburned coal loss. An optimum air/fuel mixture is determined to minimize heat loss for a given steam production rate or to maximize steam production, using the estimate of unburned carbon loss and output from the boiler model, while at all times maintaining sufficient air flow to prevent oxygen depletion and acceptable wall temperatures.
摘要翻译： 用于监测锅炉中煤的燃烧的系统使用散装材料分析仪来检测煤的组成和发热值，并且确定空气/燃料混合物，使得当煤被燃烧时，整个锅炉都可以使用氧气，并且保持锅炉的壁温 低于冶金极限，表面温度低于不需要结渣的煤灰熔化温度。 锅炉中的蒸汽的温度和压力，燃料和空气流量以及烟道气体的温度和氧含量被提供给锅炉模型。 锅炉模型预测空气供应速率如何影响显热损失。 煤燃烧产生的灰分中未燃烧碳的定期测量与生产灰分时锅炉的运行情况相关，为估算未燃烧煤的损失提供依据。 确定最佳空气/燃料混合物以使给定蒸汽产生速率的热损失最小化或者使用未燃烧的碳损失和来自锅炉模型的输出的估计来最大化蒸汽产生，同时保持足够的气流以防止氧耗尽 和可接受的壁温。
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5.发明授权Method for increasing the efficiency of gas turbine generator systems using low BTU gaseous fuels 失效使用低BTU气体燃料提高燃气轮机发电机系统效率的方法
公开(公告)号：US4677829A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-07
申请号：US827036
申请日：1986-02-07
申请人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： David H. Archer , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
IPC分类号： F01K23/06 , F02C3/28 , F02C3/34 , F02C6/10 , F02C6/18 , F02C7/08 , F02C7/141 , F02C9/18 , F04D27/02
CPC分类号： F02C3/34 , F01K23/067 , F02C3/28 , F02C7/08 , F04D27/0276 , Y02E20/14 , Y02E20/18
摘要： An improvement in a process for operating a gas turbine system containing a compression unit, a combustion unit and an expansion unit to operate a generator, wherein a low BTU gaseous fuel is used in the combustion unit and a portion of the air from the compression unit is bled from the system so as to prevent surges in the compression unit by limiting the flow of combustion gases to the compression unit, which comprises heating the air charged to the compression unit so as to reduce the volume of air from the compression unit that is bled from the system, and thereby increase the efficiency of the gas turbine system.
摘要翻译： 用于操作含有压缩单元，燃烧单元和膨胀单元以用于操作发电机的燃气轮机系统的过程的改进，其中在燃烧单元中使用低BTU气体燃料，并且来自压缩单元的空气的一部分 从系统排出，以便通过限制燃烧气体到压缩单元的流动来防止压缩单元中的浪涌，其包括加热被加压到压缩单元的空气，以减少来自压缩单元的空气的体积 从系统排出，从而提高燃气轮机系统的效率。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07487648B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-10
申请号：US11372098
申请日：2006-03-10
IPC分类号： F25J3/00
CPC分类号： F25J3/04175 , F25J3/0409 , F25J3/0423 , F25J3/04236 , F25J3/04296 , F25J3/04412 , F25J3/04678 , F25J3/04703 , F25J2235/58
摘要： A method for the cryogenic separation of air having defined temperatures for condensed feed air passed into a double column system relative to liquid oxygen and preferably to shelf vapor, and wherein kettle liquid is not subcooled from the higher pressure column to the lower pressure column.
摘要翻译： 一种低温分离空气的方法，所述空气具有限定的温度，用于冷凝的进料空气相对于液氧而进入双塔系统，优选为架空蒸气，并且其中釜液体不会从高压塔过渡到低压塔。
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公开(公告)号：US20080127911A1
公开(公告)日：2008-06-05
申请号：US11633758
申请日：2006-12-05
IPC分类号： F22B31/08
CPC分类号： F22D1/38 , F01K3/185 , F22B1/18 , F22B37/00 , F22G1/16 , F23C9/00 , F23C2202/20 , F23L7/005 , F23L7/007 , Y02E20/344
摘要： A method of heating process streams fed to a boiler incorporating an oxygen transport membrane device that includes an oxygen-containing stream and a boiler feed water stream. The membrane device separates oxygen to support combustion of a fuel and generate heat to raise the steam. Heat is recovered and process streams are heated by separately heating portions of the oxygen-containing stream and the boiler feed water stream with a retentate stream produced from the oxygen separation and a flue gas stream generated from the combustion. The flow rate of the portion of the oxygen-containing stream heated by the retentate stream is greater than that heated by the flue gas stream to help minimize heat transfer area and thus, fabrication costs. Also, water is condensed from the flue gas stream during the heat exchange involved in the heat recovery to increase thermodynamic efficiency.
摘要翻译： 一种加热工艺物流的方法，该方法加入到包含含氧物流和锅炉给水流的氧传输膜装置的锅炉中。 膜装置分离氧气以支持燃料的燃烧并产生热量以升高蒸汽。 回收热量，通过用氧气分离产生的滞留物流和从燃烧产生的烟道气分别加热含氧流和锅炉给水流的一部分来加热工艺流。 由滞留物流加热的部分含氧流的流量大于由烟气流加热的部分的流速，以帮助最小化传热面积，从而最小化制造成本。 此外，在热回收期间涉及的热交换中，水从烟道气流中冷凝以提高热力学效率。
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公开(公告)号：US20100117246A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-13
申请号：US12612073
申请日：2009-11-04
CPC分类号： C23C16/4481 , C23C16/4482
摘要： This invention relates to a vapor or liquid phase reagent dispensing apparatus that may be used for dispensing vapor or liquid phase reagents such as precursors for deposition of materials in the manufacture of semiconductor materials and devices. The vapor phase reagent dispensing apparatus has a single port capable of receiving a carrier gas and dispensing a vapor phase reagent. The liquid phase reagent dispensing apparatus has a single port capable of receiving an inert gas and dispensing a liquid phase reagent.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种蒸汽或液相试剂分配装置，其可用于分配蒸气或液相试剂，例如用于在制造半导体材料和装置中沉积材料的前体。 气相试剂分配装置具有能够接收载气并分配气相试剂的单一口。 液相试剂分注装置具有能够接收惰性气体并分配液相试剂的单一口。
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公开(公告)号：US07228686B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-12
申请号：US11188633
申请日：2005-07-26
申请人： John Henri Royal , Richard C. Fitzgerald , Norm Henry White , Jalal Hunain Zia , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
发明人： John Henri Royal , Richard C. Fitzgerald , Norm Henry White , Jalal Hunain Zia , M. Mushtaq Ahmed
IPC分类号： F25B9/00
CPC分类号： F25B9/14 , F25B9/145 , F25B25/005 , F25B27/00 , F25B45/00 , F25B2345/001 , F25B2500/06
摘要： A system for cooling one or more discrete superconducting devices wherein a primary refrigerator subcools cryogenic liquid for desubcooling in the devices and subsequently resubcools this liquid in a recirculation loop, and additional cryogenic liquid is maintained in a subcooled condition within a reserve storage container by diversion of some of the refrigeration generated by the primary refrigerator into the reserve storage container.
摘要翻译： 一种用于冷却一个或多个离散超导装置的系统，其中初级冰箱将冷冻液中的低温液体冷凝，并在随后在再循环回路中重新冷凝该液体，并且另外的低温液体通过转移到储备储存容器内而保持在过冷状态 一些冰箱产生的一些制冷机进入储备储存容器。
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公开(公告)号：US07076957B2
公开(公告)日：2006-07-18
申请号：US10654933
申请日：2003-09-05
IPC分类号： F02C6/10
CPC分类号： C01B3/384 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/048 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/0866 , C01B2203/1241 , F02C6/10 , F02C6/18 , F24H2240/06
摘要： A method of heating a fluid in a fluid heater integrated with a gas turbine. Fuel is burned in a radiant section of the fluid heater to heat the fluid and to produce combustion gases for the heating a downstream convective section. The combustion is supported by a combined oxidant stream. An oxygen containing stream or the combined stream, which is made up in part by the oxygen containing stream is preheated through indirect heat transfer with a first gas turbine exhaust stream produced by the gas turbine. A second gas turbine exhaust stream, also produced by the gas turbine is combined with the oxygen containing stream to form the combined oxidant stream. As such, the available heat energy supplied to the fluid heater is supplied not only by the combustion but also the gas turbine. This allows for the fuel to be conserved or for increased fluid throughput.
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