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公开(公告)号：US06360775B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09221655
申请日：1998-12-23
IPC分类号： F15C104
CPC分类号： G02B26/004 , G02B6/3538 , G02B6/3544 , G02B6/3576 , Y10T137/206 , Y10T137/2196 , Y10T137/2224
摘要： A switching device for controlling fluid motion. The device includes a capillary filled with a first fluid into which a wall-confined bubble of a second fluid is introduced to achieve a first switching event. Capillary geometry and wetting properties provide a pressure-related asymmetric energy potential distribution for controlling the flow of the bubble, and the device is called an asymmetric bubble chamber, or ABC. The bubble is initially trapped in an energy potential well, and upon increase of its volume moves from the well into a region of low energy potential to achieve a second switching event. The first switching event may be blocking of a fluid channel or reflection of an optical beam in an optical crosspoint switch, while the second switching event may be unblocking of a fluid channel or restoration of transmission of an optical beam. The increase in bubble volume between the first and second switching events can act as the stroke of a fluidic piston to pump a volume the first fluid within the capillary. The device can be employed to thermally degas a liquid. The use of large-magnitude geometry-related energy potentials permits rapid cyclical operation of the device in a manner resistant to mechanical shock.
摘要翻译： 一种用于控制流体运动的开关装置。 该装置包括填充有第一流体的毛细管，其中引入第二流体的壁限制气泡以实现第一切换事件。 毛细管几何形状和润湿性能提供了压力相关的不对称能量势能分布，用于控制气泡的流动，该装置称为不对称气泡室（ABC）。 气泡最初被捕获在能量势阱中，并且当其体积的增加从井移动到低能量潜能的区域以实现第二切换事件时。 第一切换事件可能阻塞光交叉点开关中的流体通道或光束的反射，而第二切换事件可以解除流体通道的阻塞或光束的传输恢复。 第一和第二切换事件之间的气泡体积的增加可以作为流体活塞的冲程来泵送毛细管内的第一流体的体积。 该装置可用于对液体进行热脱气。 使用大幅度几何相关的能量电位允许以机械冲击的方式快速地周期性地操作装置。
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公开(公告)号：US5978527A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US128555
申请日：1998-08-03
申请人： David K. Donald
发明人： David K. Donald
CPC分类号： G02B26/004 , G02B6/3538 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3576 , G02B6/358 , G02B6/3596
摘要： A thermal optical switching cell has a channel of either gas or boilable liquid that crosses an optical waveguide at a forty-five degree angle. Two or more appropriately placed heaters use the water/steam/dry states of thermal ink jet technology to quickly insert, or extract, boilable liquid respectively into, or from, the channel. The boilable liquid has an index of refraction close to that of the guide. In the wet state, the channel contains the liquid and nearly all the light of the incoming guide traverses the liquid along the axis of the guide. In the dry state, the channel contains gas. Total internal reflection (TIR) occurs and light is directed at right angles away from the axis of the incoming channel. Adding a second waveguide, perpendicular to, and intersecting the first waveguide at the channel, forms a cross-bar switch. These liquid switching cells toggle between the wet and dry states. No power is required to hold the switch in the most recent state. A monitoring signal is described that can be used to determine the state of the switch. The dry state of these cells is totally internally reflecting. The wet state, however, is transmissive with a small, but objectionable, amount of reflection. A push-pull optical circuit is formed using paired cells and at least one TIR mirror. One of the cells of the circuit is always in the TIR state to provide good isolation. This circuit has the property of reporting the state of the switch-pair so that a fault can be detected. If a fault is detected, repeated activation pulses can be applied to force liquid into the correct places to maintain proper operation of the circuit.
摘要翻译： 热光学开关单元具有以四十五度的角度穿过光波导的气体或可沸腾液体的通道。 两个或更多个适当放置的加热器使用热喷墨技术的水/蒸汽/干燥状态来快速地将可煮沸的液体分别插入或从通道中提取。 可煮沸液体的折射率接近导向件。 在湿润状态下，通道包含液体，并且进入引导件的几乎所有的光沿引导件的轴线穿过液体。 在干燥状态下，通道包含气体。 发生全内反射（TIR），并将光直射远离输入通道的轴线。 在通道处添加垂直于第一波导并与之相交的第二波导形成交叉开关。 这些液体开关元件在湿态和干态之间切换。 不需要电源来将开关保持在最近的状态。 描述了可用于确定开关状态的监视信号。 这些细胞的干燥状态完全在内部反射。 然而，潮湿的状态是透射的，反射量很小但令人反感。 使用配对电池和至少一个TIR镜形成推挽光电路。 电路的一个单元总是处于TIR状态，以提供良好的隔离。 该电路具有报告开关对状态的特性，从而可以检测故障。 如果检测到故障，可以施加重复的激活脉冲以迫使液体进入正确的位置，以保持电路的正常运行。
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公开(公告)号：US5179087A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-12
申请号：US568855
申请日：1990-08-17
IPC分类号： C07D498/18 , A61K31/445 , A61P37/06 , C07H19/01
CPC分类号： C07H19/01
摘要： There are described compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents H or OH; R.sup.2 represents H; in addition, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may together represent a second carbon-carbon bond between the carbon atoms to which they are attached; R.sup.3 represents OH or OCH.sub.3 ; X represents O or (H,OH); and Y represents O or N--OR.sup.4, in which R.sup.4 represents H or alkyl C.sub.1-6 ; provided that when R.sup.1 is OH, R.sup.2 is H and X is O, then Y does not represent O.Processes for their production and compositions containing them, eg. for use as immunosuppressive agents, are also described.
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公开(公告)号：US4595700A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-17
申请号：US703973
申请日：1985-02-21
IPC分类号： C12N9/99 , A61K31/16 , A61K31/165 , A61P29/00 , A61P43/00 , C07C57/03 , C07C57/30 , C07C67/00 , C07C313/00 , C07C323/60 , C07C325/00 , C07C327/22 , C07C327/32 , C07F9/40 , C07C149/23
CPC分类号： C07C323/00 , C07C57/03 , C07C57/30 , C07F9/4006
摘要： This invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl;R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 represent lower alkyl; andR.sub.3 represents lower alkyl, benzyloxyalkyl, alkoxybenzyl or benzyloxybenzyl wherein the oxyalkyl or alkoxy moiety contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and a, b, and c represent chiral centers with optional R or S stereochemistry. These compounds inhibit collagenase and are useful in the treatment of arthritis. Also disclosed are processes for manufacture of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及下式的化合物：其中R1代表低级烷基，苯基或苯基低级烷基; R2和R4代表低级烷基; 并且R 3表示低级烷基，苄氧基烷基，烷氧基苄基或苄氧基苄基，其中氧烷基或烷氧基部分含有1至6个碳原子; 和a，b和c代表具有任选的R或S立体化学的手性中心。 这些化合物抑制胶原酶，可用于治疗关节炎。 还公开了制备含有它们的化合物和药物组合物的方法。
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06299673B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US09221026
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： Leslie A. Field , David K. Donald , Phillip W. Barth , Jonathan Servaites , Storrs T. Hoen , Jonah A. Harley
发明人： Leslie A. Field , David K. Donald , Phillip W. Barth , Jonathan Servaites , Storrs T. Hoen , Jonah A. Harley
IPC分类号： B41J219
CPC分类号： B41J2/19
摘要： A thermally-activated gas extraction device that comprises a bubble capture chamber, an exhaust manifold, a tapered extraction chamber and an extraction heater associated with the tapered extraction chamber. The tapered extraction chamber extends from the bubble capture chamber towards the exhaust manifold and has a cross-sectional area that increases towards the exhaust manifold. A gas removal method in which the gas extraction device is provided, a bubble of gas is accumulated in the bubble capture chamber, a portion of the liquid in the tapered extraction chamber heated to nucleate a bubble of vapor, and the bubble of vapor is heated to explosively expand the bubble of vapor into contact with the walls of the tapered extraction chamber and into contact with the bubble of gas to form a composite bubble. Contact with the walls of the tapered extraction moves the composite bubble towards the exhaust manifold. Finally, heating of the composite bubble is discontinued to condense the vapor in the composite bubble.
摘要翻译： 一种热活化气体提取装置，其包括气泡捕获室，排气歧管，锥形抽出室和与锥形抽出室相关联的抽出加热器。 锥形抽出室从气泡捕获室朝向排气歧管延伸并且具有朝向排气歧管增加的横截面面积。 一种气体去除方法，其中提供气体提取装置，气体的气泡积聚在气泡捕获室中，锥形抽出室中的一部分液体被加热以使蒸汽的气泡成核，并且蒸气的气泡被加热 以将爆炸性地膨胀蒸汽气泡与锥形抽出室的壁接触并与气泡接触以形成复合气泡。 与锥形提取物的壁接触将复合气泡朝向排气歧管移动。 最后，中止复合气泡的加热以冷凝复合气泡中的蒸汽。
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公开(公告)号：US5699462A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US663503
申请日：1996-06-14
申请人： Julie E. Fouquet , Phillip W. Barth , Kok-Wai Chang , Leslie A. Field , Eric G. Hanson , Long Yang , David K. Donald
发明人： Julie E. Fouquet , Phillip W. Barth , Kok-Wai Chang , Leslie A. Field , Eric G. Hanson , Long Yang , David K. Donald
CPC分类号： G02B26/004 , G02B6/3538 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3576 , G02B6/3584 , G02B6/3596
摘要： A switching element defines a transmitting state and a reflecting state for a pair of intersecting waveguides that have a gap at their intersection. In the preferred embodiment, the switching element exhibits total internal reflection at the gap sidewall from one waveguide to the other when not in the transmitting state. In the transmitting state, index-matching liquid fills the gap, enabling light to continue in the original waveguide direction. The switching element may use ink jet techniques or bubble techniques to displace index-matching liquid. The index-matching fluid may be projected from a gap between the waveguides by a jet mechanism, or a vapor or dissolved gas bubble may be formed to fill the gap between the waveguides to provide the reflecting state for the switching element. Using either of the techniques, heaters are employed to initiate the switching operation. In some embodiments, more than one heater is utilized. In the preferred embodiment, waveguides are formed on one substrate and heaters are formed on another. Then the substrates are aligned and bonded together to position the heaters in very close proximity to the intersection between the waveguides. Preferably, the switching element is one element in a matrix of such elements for routing signals between arrays of input and output waveguides.
摘要翻译： 开关元件限定了在其交叉点处具有间隙的一对相交波导的发射状态和反射状态。 在优选实施例中，当不处于发送状态时，开关元件在从一个波导到另一个波导的间隙侧壁处呈现全内反射。 在透射状态下，折射率匹配液体填充间隙，使光能够沿原始波导方向继续。 开关元件可以使用喷墨技术或气泡技术来移位折射率匹配液体。 折射率匹配流体可以通过喷射机构从波导之间的间隙突出，或者可以形成蒸气或溶解的气泡以填充波导之间的间隙，以提供开关元件的反射状态。 使用这些技术之一，采用加热器来启动切换操作。 在一些实施例中，使用多于一个的加热器。 在优选实施例中，在一个基板上形成波导，另一个形成加热器。 然后将基板对准并结合在一起，以将加热器定位在非常接近波导之间的交叉点处。 优选地，开关元件是用于在输入和输出波导阵列之间路由信号的这种元件的矩阵中的一个元件。
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公开(公告)号：US4743587A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-10
申请号：US880130
申请日：1986-07-07
IPC分类号： C12N9/99 , A61K31/16 , A61K31/165 , A61K38/43 , A61P29/00 , A61P43/00 , C07C233/02 , C07C237/00 , C07C237/06 , C07C237/20 , C07C237/22 , C07C259/06 , C07C83/10 , A61K31/085 , A61K31/185
CPC分类号： C07C233/02 , C07C237/00
摘要： Thid disclosure relates to a novel class of hydroxamic acid based collagenase inhibitor derivatives. The disclosure further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and to the use of such compounds and compositions in the treatment of collagenase induced diseases.
摘要翻译： 公开涉及一类新型异羟肟酸胶原酶抑制剂衍生物。 本公开还涉及含有这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和组合物在治疗胶原酶诱导的疾病中的用途。
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公开(公告)号：US4681966A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-21
申请号：US847367
申请日：1986-04-02
IPC分类号： C07C57/03 , C07C57/30 , C07C327/10 , C07F9/40 , C07C153/023 , C07C153/017
CPC分类号： C07C323/00 , C07C57/03 , C07C57/30 , C07F9/4006
摘要： This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl lower alkyl; R.sub.2 represents lower alkyl; and R.sub.5 represents lower alkyl. These compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of collagenase inhibiting compounds which are useful in the treatment of arthritis and are of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 represent lower alkyl; and R.sub.3 represents lower alkyl, benzyloxyalkyl, alkoxybenzyl or benzyloxybenzyl wherein the oxyalkyl or alkoxy moiety contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and a, b, and c represent chiral centers with optional R or S stereochemistry.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及下式化合物：其中R 1表示低级烷基，苯基或苯基低级烷基; R2代表低级烷基; 并且R 5表示低级烷基。 这些化合物可用作制备胶原酶抑制化合物的中间体，其可用于治疗关节炎，并具有下式：其中R 1表示低级烷基，苯基或苯基低级烷基; R2和R4代表低级烷基; 并且R 3表示低级烷基，苄氧基烷基，烷氧基苄基或苄氧基苄基，其中氧烷基或烷氧基部分含有1至6个碳原子; 和a，b和c代表具有任选的R或S立体化学的手性中心。
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公开(公告)号：US4336544A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-22
申请号：US179206
申请日：1980-08-18
申请人： David K. Donald , Michael J. Lee , John L. Vaught
发明人： David K. Donald , Michael J. Lee , John L. Vaught
CPC分类号： B41J2/04
摘要： A drop-on demand ink jet printer and a method of ink jet printing are disclosed which produce drops whose diameter have a ratio to the internal diameter of their print nozzles of 1:2 instead of the standard ratio of 2:1. This change in the basic ratio of drop diameter to print nozzle diameter is a result of the motion imparted to the print liquid by the actuation of the print nozzle. The print nozzle is cocked, released, and abruptly stopped to impart forward momentum to the print liquid near the orifice of the print nozzle. This momentum urges the liquid to be expelled from the print nozzle. Cutting the orifice of the print nozzle at an oblique angle to the run of the print nozzle creates a leading edge on the print nozzle which increases control of drop placement. The leading edge encourages formation of a single umbilicus of expelled print liquid from which a drop will be severed.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种按需喷墨打印机和喷墨打印方法，其生产直径与其打印喷嘴的内径的比率为1：2而不是标准比为2：1的液滴。 液滴直径与打印喷嘴直径的基本比率的这种变化是通过致动打印喷嘴而赋予打印液体的运动的结果。 打印喷嘴被打开，释放并突然停止，以向打印喷嘴的孔口附近的打印液体赋予向前的动量。 该动量促使液体从打印喷嘴排出。 以与打印喷嘴的行程成斜角的方式切割打印喷嘴的孔口，在打印喷嘴上形成前缘，增加了滴落位置的控制。 前沿鼓励形成一个排出的印刷液体的单个脐部，从该液体中滴下将被切断。
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公开(公告)号：US06407835B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-18
申请号：US09263749
申请日：1999-03-05
申请人： David K. Donald
发明人： David K. Donald
IPC分类号： H04B1008
CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 , G02B6/3538 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/3576 , G02B6/3596 , G02B26/004
摘要： An apparatus and a method for controlling transmissions over an optical signaling network include one or more traffic detectors that are connected to an optical switch to receive incidentally reflected light when the switch is in a transmissive state. The switch is in the transmissive state when a fluid fills a fluid-manipulable chamber, but is in a reflective state when the chamber is free of fluid. The apparatus includes two inputs and two outputs. Typically, the inputs and outputs are waveguides having an index of refraction which approximates the index of refraction of the fluid. The traffic detectors monitor light which is incidentally reflected at interfaces of the waveguides with the chamber. Under fault-free conditions in which signal transmissions are detected to be normal, a first input is connected to a first output and a second input is connected to a second output. However, when a fault condition is detected, the two inputs exchange outputs by reversing the state of the optical switch. In the preferred embodiment, the fault-free condition is one in which the switch is in the reflective state. However, the reflective state is disabled and the transmissive state is established if a fault condition is detected. A prolonged absence of signal transmissions along one of the inputs is indicative of a fault condition. With the switch in the transmissive state, incidentally reflected light is monitored to detect a return to the fault-free condition. The outputs are again exchanged upon recognition of the fault-free condition. Optionally, the outputs are monitored to detect reverse driven “request for resumption” signals, and the reflective state is established if reverse driven signals are detected on both outputs, regardless of the indication of a fault along one or both of the inputs. In a second embodiment, the fault-free condition establishes a transmissive state, with incidentally detected light being monitored to determine if a fault condition requires a change to the reflective state.
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