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    Broadband optical communication system, particularly in the subscriber area
    1.
    发明授权
    Broadband optical communication system, particularly in the subscriber area 失效
    宽带光通信系统，特别是在用户区

    公开(公告)号：US4955014A

    公开(公告)日：1990-09-04

    申请号：US115254

    申请日：1987-10-30

    申请人： Dieter Kuppers ,  Klaus Herse ,  Kate Hiepe-Wohlleben ,  Manfred Kaiser ,  Friedemann Mohr ,  Horst Ohnsorge

    发明人： Dieter Kuppers ,  Klaus Herse ,  Kate Hiepe-Wohlleben ,  Manfred Kaiser ,  Friedemann Mohr ,  Horst Ohnsorge

    IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  H04B10/25 ,  H04B10/2581 ,  H04Q11/00

    CPC分类号： H04B10/2581 ,  G02B6/4212 ,  H04B10/2503 ,  H04Q11/0001

    摘要： For short-distance communication systems, particularly for optical-waveguide links in the subscriber area, it is proposed to operate the standard single-mode optical waveguide for long-distance applications, which is optimized for the wavelength range from 1300 nm to 1600 nm, with optical transmitters and optical receivers whose operating wavelengths lie clearly below the cutoff wavelength of the optical waveguide. By means of a suitable stable laser-waveguide coupling, it is ensured that single-mode operation is achieved, which is necessary to transmit digital signals at high bit rates. The increased loss of the optical waveguide at 800 nm can be accepted because of the relatively short length of subscriber lines. Both unidirectional and bidirectional transmission over a single optical waveguide using wavelength-division or modal multiplexing is possible.

    摘要翻译： 对于短距离通信系统，特别是对于用户区域中的光波导链路，建议对长距离应用的标准单模光波导进行操作，其针对1300nm至1600nm的波长范围进行优化， 其光发射机和光接收机的工作波长明显低于光波导的截止波长。 通过合适的稳定的激光波导耦合，确保实现单模操作，这是以高比特率传输数字信号所必需的。 由于用户线路的长度相对较短，可以接受800nm处的光波导的增加的损耗。 使用波分复用或模式复用的单个光波导上的单向和双向传输都是可能的。

    Mining device
    2.
    发明授权
    Mining device 有权
    采矿设备

    公开(公告)号：US07438365B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-10-21

    申请号：US11510880

    申请日：2006-08-28

    申请人： Manfred Kaiser ,  Thorsten Reich ,  Thomas Studer ,  Peter Schmah

    发明人： Manfred Kaiser ,  Thorsten Reich ,  Thomas Studer ,  Peter Schmah

    IPC分类号： E21D9/10

    CPC分类号： E21C27/24 ,  E21D9/1093

    摘要： A mining device for subsurface extraction of raw materials off rocks includes bracing means for the reversible bracing of the mining device in a hollow space, a frame, and tunneling means stationarily connected with the bracing means, whereby the frame is movable by the tunneling means in a predefined direction. A rotatable roller is arranged on the frame, at the circumference of which cutting tools and clearing devices are arranged such that a rectangular mining cross-section can be created and such that the mining device and also the frame of the mining device is movable into a mining tunnel created by these cutting tools.

    摘要翻译： 用于岩石中原料的地下提取的采矿装置包括用于在中空空间中的采矿装置的可逆支撑的支撑装置，框架和与支撑装置固定连接的隧道装置，由此框架可以通过隧道装置移动 一个预定义的方向。 一个可旋转的滚轮布置在框架上，在其周边设有切割工具和清理装置，使得可以产生矩形的开采横截面，并且采矿装置以及采矿装置的框架可移动到 这些切割工具创建的采矿隧道。

    Fiber optic eccentric connector
    4.
    发明授权
    Fiber optic eccentric connector 失效
    光纤偏心连接器

    公开(公告)号：US4146300A

    公开(公告)日：1979-03-27

    申请号：US830081

    申请日：1977-09-02

    申请人： Manfred Kaiser

    发明人： Manfred Kaiser

    IPC分类号： G02B6/38 ,  H01B11/00 ,  G02B5/14

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3843 ,  G02B6/3882

    摘要： A fiber optic connector is disclosed capable of joining in proper alignment the uncentered ends of two optical fibers mounted in ferrules. Each ferrule is rotatably supported inside an eccentric bore of a connector sleeve by means of a rotatable cage whose balls or rollers have different diameters. The two cylindrical connector sleeves are capable of being mated in a connector receptacle with the optical fibers therein adjusted to exact lateral alignment.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光纤连接器，其能够适当地对准安装在套圈中的两根光纤的不中心端。 每个套圈通过其滚珠或滚子具有不同直径的可旋转保持架可旋转地支撑在连接器套筒的偏心孔内。 两个圆柱形连接器套筒能够配合在连接器插座中，其中的光纤被调节到精确的横向对准。

    Radiation thermometer and method of computing the temperature
    6.
    发明授权
    Radiation thermometer and method of computing the temperature 有权
    辐射温度计和计算温度的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6149298A

    公开(公告)日：2000-11-21

    申请号：US212817

    申请日：1998-12-16

    申请人： Bernhard Kraus ,  Manfred Kaiser

    发明人： Bernhard Kraus ,  Manfred Kaiser

    IPC分类号： G01J5/10 ,  A61B5/01 ,  G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/04 ,  G01K13/00

    CPC分类号： G01J5/04 ,  G01J5/049 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G01J5/0818 ,  G01J2005/0048 ,  G01J2005/068

    摘要： The invention is directed to a method of computing the radiation temperature of a body from the signals of a radiation and an ambient temperature sensor, and further to a radiation thermometer, in particular a clinical radiation thermometer. In the method of the present invention, computation of the temperature is not using the Stefan Boltzmann law, but rather, a polynomial is used, preferably a third-degree polynomial, which is adjusted to the radiation-optical properties of the thermometer in the relevant wavelength range. The reciprocal value of the sensitivity of the radiation sensor is preferably represented as a polynomial as well. In this manner, the computation of a fourth root or divisions which are otherwise customary are avoided, enabling the necessary computations to be also performed, for example, by a 4-bit microprocessor with great speed.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种从辐射和环境温度传感器的信号以及辐射温度计，特别是临床辐射温度计计算身体辐射温度的方法。 在本发明的方法中，温度的计算不使用斯蒂芬·玻尔兹曼定律，而是使用多项式，优选三次多项式，其被调整为相关温度计的辐射光学特性 波长范围。 辐射传感器的灵敏度的倒数值也优选地表示为多项式。 以这种方式，避免了另外习惯的第四根或分区的计算，使得能够例如通过4位微处理器以高速度执行必要的计算。

    Method of calibrating a radiation thermometer
    7.
    发明授权
    Method of calibrating a radiation thermometer 失效
    校准辐射温度计的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6065866A

    公开(公告)日：2000-05-23

    申请号：US976354

    申请日：1997-11-21

    申请人： Bernhard Kraus ,  Frank Beerwerth ,  Klaus Heubach ,  Manfred Kaiser

    发明人： Bernhard Kraus ,  Frank Beerwerth ,  Klaus Heubach ,  Manfred Kaiser

    IPC分类号： G01K15/00 ,  G01J5/00 ,  G01J5/10

    CPC分类号： G01J5/522 ,  G01J2005/0048 ,  G01J2005/068

    摘要： A method of calibrating a radiation thermometer including a radiation sensor and an ambient temperature sensor, the method including the steps of using a first radiation standard having a known temperature T.sub.S (1) and with the ambient temperature sensor at a first ambient temperature T.sub.U (1), using the radiation thermometer to read the temperature of the first radiation standard and while doing so, measuring a first output signal U(1) of the radiation sensor; using a second radiation standard having a known temperature T.sub.S (2) and with the ambient temperature sensor again at the first ambient temperature T.sub.U (1), using the radiation thermometer to read the temperature of the second radiation standard and while doing so, measuring a second output signal U(2) of the radiation sensor; and calibrating the radiation sensor and the ambient temperature sensor by using the values obtained for U(1) and U(2) and without using a value for T.sub.U (1) that is derived from measuring an output of the ambient sensor.

    摘要翻译： 一种校准包括辐射传感器和环境温度传感器的辐射温度计的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：使用具有已知温度TS（1）的第一辐射标准和环境温度传感器处于第一环境温度TU（1 ），使用辐射温度计读取第一辐射标准的温度，同时测量辐射传感器的第一输出信号U（1）; 使用具有已知温度TS（2）的第二辐射标准和环境温度传感器再次处于第一环境温度TU（1），使用辐射温度计读取第二辐射标准的温度，同时测量 第二输出信号U（2）; 并且通过使用对于U（1）和U（2）获得的值来校准辐射传感器和环境温度传感器，并且不使用从测量环境传感器的输出导出的TU（1）的值。

    CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR LIMITING A VOLTAGE
    8.
    发明申请
    CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR LIMITING A VOLTAGE 有权
    限制电压的电路布置

    公开(公告)号：US20100116633A1

    公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

    申请号：US12594537

    申请日：2008-03-12

    申请人： Frits Frey ,  Manfred Kaiser

    发明人： Frits Frey ,  Manfred Kaiser

    IPC分类号： H01H7/00 ,  H01H43/00

    CPC分类号： H02H9/008 ,  H02H9/025

    摘要： A circuit arrangement for enforcing an intrinsically safe situation in a hazardous zone features a first switching device that lies in the series arm and a second switching device that lies in the shunt arm. If a fault occurs that would violate the conditions of intrinsic safety, the first switching device is initially blocked and the second switching device is switched through with a time delay such that the output terminals are mutually short-circuited. In addition, a monitoring device is provided for monitoring the load conditions at the switching device arranged in the series arm.

    摘要翻译： 用于在危险区域中实施本质安全情况的电路装置具有位于串联臂中的第一开关装置和位于分流臂中的第二开关装置。 如果出现违反本质安全条件的故障，则第一开关装置最初被阻塞，并且第二开关装置以时间延迟切换，使得输出端子相互短路。 此外，提供监视装置，用于监视布置在串联臂中的开关装置的负载状况。

    Optical switching unit, particularly for switching to standby components in optical transmission systems
    9.
    发明授权
    Optical switching unit, particularly for switching to standby components in optical transmission systems 失效
    光开关单元，特别是用于切换到光传输系统中的备用组件

    公开(公告)号：US06396602B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

    申请号：US08982734

    申请日：1997-12-02

    申请人： Manfred Kaiser ,  Frank Hehl ,  Rainer Hausser ,  Jürgen Anhorn

    发明人： Manfred Kaiser ,  Frank Hehl ,  Rainer Hausser ,  Jürgen Anhorn

    IPC分类号： H04B1000

    CPC分类号： H04Q11/0001

    摘要： An optical switching unit is disclosed which permits switching from faulty components to standby components in optical transmission systems. A component in this connection may be a transmit laser or an optical fiber, for example. The optical switching unit (OSE) according to the invention contains an n×m optical space switch (ORS) whose ports (P1A . . . PNA; P1B . . . PMB) are monitored by photodiodes (M1A, M1B). The photodiodes provide a control unit (SE) with information as to whether and, if so, what signals are arriving at the ports. The control unit (SE) controls the position of the optical switch (ORS) in accordance with program instructions. The switching unit controls itself, i.e., incorporation of a higher-level control center is not necessary. It thus allows very short switching times and has many applications; it is particularly suitable for use in modular optical transmission systems.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种光开关单元，其允许从光传输系统中的故障组件切换到备用组件。 例如，这种连接中的部件可以是发射激光器或光纤。 根据本发明的光开关单元（OSE）包含由光电二极管（M1A，M1B）监测其端口（P1A ... PNA; P1B ... PMB）的nxm光空间开关（ORS）。 光电二极管为控制单元（SE）提供关于是否和（如果是）什么信号到达端口的信息。 控制单元（SE）根据程序指令控制光开关（ORS）的位置。 切换单元控制自身，即不需要并入上级控制中心。 因此允许非常短的切换时间并具有许多应用; 它特别适用于模块化光传输系统。

    Optical amplifier
    10.
    发明授权
    Optical amplifier 失效
    光放大器

    公开(公告)号：US5499135A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-12

    申请号：US323239

    申请日：1994-10-14

    申请人： Rolf Heidemann ,  Thomas Pfeiffer ,  Manfred Kaiser

    发明人： Rolf Heidemann ,  Thomas Pfeiffer ,  Manfred Kaiser

    IPC分类号： H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/0941 ,  H01S3/30 ,  G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/0941 ,  H01S3/094011 ,  H01S3/094076 ,  H01S3/09408

    摘要： Known optical amplifiers, which are used in a light transmission path to amplify the light signals to be transmitted, have the disadvantage that the semiconductor lasers, used as pump lasers therein, are very sensitive to feedback.According to the invention, the operating current of such pump lasers (4) is modulated at a high frequency, which causes the pump laser to operate in a multi-mode, thereby making it insensitive to feedback. For example, the operating current is DC, on which AC is superimposed.In the event the optical amplifier has two pump lasers, their operating current is also modulated. Both pump lasers are then advantageously alternately switched on and off at a sufficiently high switching frequency, which also prevents reciprocal interference.

    摘要翻译： 用于光传输路径以放大要传输的光信号的已知光放大器的缺点在于，用作其中的激光器的半导体激光器对反馈非常敏感。 根据本发明，这种泵浦激光器（4）的工作电流以高频调制，这使得泵浦激光器以多模式操作，从而使其对反馈不敏感。 例如，工作电流为DC，叠加AC。 在光放大器有两个泵浦激光器的情况下，它们的工作电流也被调制。 两个泵浦激光器有利地以足够高的开关频率交替地接通和关断，这也防止了相互干扰。