公开(公告)号：US4495805A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-29

申请号：US475590

申请日：1983-03-15

Applicant: Donald J. Dowling ,  Albert P. Richter, Jr. ,  Wayne F. Warren ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Donald J. Dowling ,  Albert P. Richter, Jr. ,  Wayne F. Warren ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  E21B49/00

CPC classification number: E21B47/1015 ,  E21B49/008

Abstract: A method of determining the permeability of a particular stratum in an earth formation traversed by a borehole includes injecting a liquid into the borehole at a first pressure thereby causing liquid flow into the stratum. A first flow rate of the liquid is determined at the first pressure. The pressure of the liquid being injected into the borehole is then changed to a second pressure level and a second flow rate of the liquid flowing into the stratum is determined at the second pressure. An indication of the permeability of the stratum is then derived in accordance with the two pressures, the two flow rates and known characteristics of the stratum.

Abstract translation: 确定由钻孔穿过的地层中的特定层的渗透性的方法包括以第一压力将液体注入钻孔中，从而使液体流入层中。 在第一压力下确定液体的第一流量。 然后将注入井眼的液体的压力改变到第二压力水平，并且在第二压力下确定流入层中的液体的第二流量。 然后根据两个压力，两个流速和层的已知特征，导出层的渗透性的指示。

公开(公告)号：US4102185A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-25

申请号：US748978

申请日：1976-12-09

Applicant: Donald J. Dowling ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Donald J. Dowling ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  G01F1/64 ,  G01V1/44 ,  G01V5/12

CPC classification number: G01V1/44 ,  E21B47/101 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  G01F1/64 ,  G01V5/125

Abstract: Disclosed is a down hole logging tool featuring a neutron generator, an acoustic disturbance generator, and a radiation detection system. In the embodiment shown, an array of acoustic magnetostriction transducers is arranged about the target of a neutron accelerator. Two gamma ray sensors are separated from the accelerator target by shielding. According to the method of the invention, the underground fluid at the level of a formation is bombarded by neutrons which react with oxygen in the fluid to produce unstable nitrogen 16 particles according to the reaction O.sup.16 (n,p)N.sup.16. Acoustic pulses are communicated to the fluid, and are incident on the boundary of the borehole at the formation. The resulting net flow of fluid across the boundary is determined from radiation detection measurements of the decaying N.sup.16 particles in the fluid. A measure of the permeability of the formation is obtained from the determination of net fluid flow across the boundary.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有中子发生器，声学干扰发生器和放射线检测系统的井下测井工具。 在所示的实施例中，围绕中子加速器的目标布置声学磁致伸缩换能器的阵列。 两个伽马射线传感器通过屏蔽与加速器目标分离。 根据本发明的方法，地层水平的地下流体由与流体中的氧气反应以产生不稳定的氮16颗粒的中子受到反应O16（n，p）N16的轰击。 声脉冲被传递到流体，并且在地层中入射到钻孔的边界上。 通过流体中衰减的N16颗粒的辐射检测测量确定所得到的流过边界的净流量。 通过确定跨越边界的净流体流量可以获得地层渗透率的量度。

公开(公告)号：US4076980A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-28

申请号：US735670

申请日：1976-10-26

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Donald J. Dowling ,  Wayne F. Warren

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Donald J. Dowling ,  Wayne F. Warren

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/101

Abstract: Oxygen in a borehole fluid in the vicinity of a reference region, such as an earth formation of known fluid permeability, is activated with a logging instrument by being bombarded with neutrons of 14 MEV energy level to form the unstable isotope nitrogen 16 giving rise to gamma radiation. Flow of the activated fluid is then caused by an electrohydraulic flow generator which forms an intense pressure pulse in the fluid. A gamma ray detector in the logging instrument senses the amount of flow of the activated fluid within the borehole in the reference region. The logging instrument is then moved to a formation whose liquid permeability is to be tested. Borehole fluid opposite the formation to be tested is activated by neutron bombardment, again giving rise to gamma radiation, and fluid flow in the formation under test is caused by the electrohydraulic flow generator. The gamma ray detector reading of activated fluid flow in the borehole opposite the formation under test, when compared with the flow reading in the borehole opposite the reference region, is a measure of relative fluid permeability in the formation being tested.

Abstract translation: 在参考区域附近的井眼流体​​中的氧气，例如已知流体渗透性的地球形成，通过用14MEV能级的中子轰击以测井仪器来激活，以形成不稳定的同位素氮16，产生γ 辐射。 活化流体的流动然后由在液体中形成强烈压力脉冲的电动液压发生器引起。 测井仪器中的伽马射线探测器检测参考区域内钻孔内活化流体的流量。 然后将测井仪器移动到要测试其液体渗透性的地层。 与要测试的地层相对的井眼流体​​由中子轰击激活，再次产生γ辐射，并且被测地层中的流体流由电动液压发生器引起。 与相对于参考区域的钻孔中的流量读数进行比较时，伽马射线探测器读取在与测试地层相对的钻孔中的活化流体流量是测试的地层中相对流体渗透性的量度。

公开(公告)号：US4861986A

公开(公告)日：1989-08-29

申请号：US164670

申请日：1988-03-07

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold

IPC: E21B47/10 ,  F16L55/48 ,  G01F1/704 ,  G01F1/708 ,  G01P5/00 ,  G01P5/20 ,  G01P13/04

CPC classification number: G01P5/20 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  F16L55/48 ,  G01F1/7042 ,  G01F1/708 ,  G01P13/045 ,  G01P5/006

Abstract: A tracer injection method is set forth and is practiced by using spaced end located injectors on a sonde having spaced detectors along the length of the sonde. The injectors inject radioactive isotopes which are distinguishable from one another at the detectors. The method contemplates simultaneous injection of different isotopes, making measurements to determine fluid flow velocity in the casing, and selecting peaks to obtain measurements of the fluid flow velocity in leaks through the casing into external channels along the casing.

Abstract translation: 示出了一种示踪剂注入方法，并且通过在探头上具有间隔开的探测器的探头上使用间隔开的位置喷射器来实现。 注射器注射在检测器处可以彼此区分的放射性同位素。 该方法考虑同时注入不同的同位素，进行测量以确定套管中的流体流速，并选择峰值以获得通过套管的泄漏中的流体流速的测量值沿壳体的外部通道。

公开(公告)号：US4459479A

公开(公告)日：1984-07-10

申请号：US395517

申请日：1982-07-06

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Carl A. Robbins

IPC: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/40 ,  G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of well logging utilizing naturally occurring gamma radiation is disclosed. In the preferred and illustrated embodiment, the thickness of the casing in a well borehole is measured. The photoelectric absorption of gamma rays from the formation by the iron in the casing varies as a function of the energy of the gamma radiation. The detected gamma spectrum below about 350 KeV from the surrounding earth formation is preferably divided into two energy ranges or windows, and a ratio between the two to indicate the thickness of any intervening steel casing material. With suitable scale factors in calibration of the system, casing thickness can be determined from the ratio of the summed naturally occurring gamma count rate in the range of about 35 to about 120 KeV divided by the count rate in a higher energy range from about 180-325 KeV.

Abstract translation: 公开了利用天然存在的γ射线进行测井的方法。 在优选和示出的实施例中，测量井眼中的壳体的厚度。 由外壳中的铁形成的γ射线的光电吸收作为γ辐射的能量的函数而变化。 从周围的地层形成的低于约350KeV的检测的伽马光谱优选分为两个能量范围或窗口，两者之间的比率表示任何中间钢外壳材料的厚度。 在系统校准中具有合适的比例因子时，可以根据在约35至约120KeV的范围内求和的天然存在的伽马计数率除以在较大能量范围内的计数率与约180- 325 KeV。

公开(公告)号：US4439676A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-27

申请号：US270937

申请日：1981-06-05

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A natural gamma ray logging system utilizes gamma ray spectroscopy to measure thorium, uranium and potassium content of earth formations adjacent a well borehole. An additional measurement is also taken from which compensation for borehole effects on the measurements of interest is achieved.

Abstract translation: 天然伽马射线测井系统采用伽马射线光谱法测量井眼附近地层的钍，铀和钾含量。 还采用了额外的测量方法，从而对钻孔效应对感兴趣的测量值进行了补偿。

公开(公告)号：US4436996A

公开(公告)日：1984-03-13

申请号：US265736

申请日：1981-05-21

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Ward E. Schultz

IPC: G01V5/06 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/06

Abstract: A method of logging earth formations to ascertain relative elemental abundancies of potassium (K), uranium (U) and thorium (T) is disclosed. A natural gamma ray spectrum of an unknown borehole is compared with individual standard gamma ray spectra of potassium, uranium and thorium in at least four energy ranges or bands. Decay peaks of the three elements are encompassed by three of the energy bands and at least one other energy band is used to monitor the changes in shape of the unknown spectrum caused by borehole conditions differing from that of the standard or calibration boreholes. A function derived from the gamma ray count rates in the four bands is used to compensate the elemental abundancies of the three elements to be detected in the unknown spectrum for the effects of differing borehole conditions in the unknown borehole from the standard borehole conditions.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种记录地层以确定钾（K），铀（U）和钍（T）的相对丰度的方法。 将未知钻孔的天然伽马射线谱与至少四个能量范围或频带中的钾，铀和钍的单个标准伽马射线光谱进行比较。 三个元素的衰减峰由三个能带包围，并且至少一个其他能带用于监测由不同于标准或校准钻孔的井眼条件引起的未知光谱的形状变化。 来自四个波段的伽马射线计数率的函数用于补偿未知光谱中待检测的三个元素的元素丰度，以了解来自标准钻孔条件的未知钻孔中不同钻孔条件的影响。

公开(公告)号：US4365154A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-21

申请号：US127700

申请日：1980-03-06

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold ,  Hans J. Paap

IPC: G01N23/221 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01T1/169

CPC classification number: G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/222 ,  G01N2223/0745 ,  G01N2223/635

Abstract: Fluid containing free gas and in a pipeline or container at a refinery or at any of various petroleum producing operations is bombarded with neutrons and high energy gamma rays resulting from capture of thermal neutrons are detected. The spectra of the detected gamma rays are then analyzed to determine the concentration of the elements chlorine and hydrogen. The counting rate for thermal neutron gamma rays for hydrogen permits a measure of the hydrogen index (HI) of the fluid to be obtained. The hydrogen index and the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrogen are used to obtain an indication of the presence and concentration of chlorine or salt water in the fluid.

Abstract translation: 含有游离气体的液体在炼油厂或各种石油生产操作中的管道或容器中被中子轰击，并且检测到由捕获热中子产生的高能γ射线。 然后分析检测到的γ射线的光谱，以确定元素氯和氢的浓度。 用于氢的热中子γ射线的计数率允许测量要获得的流体的氢指数（HI）。 使用氢指数和氯和氢的相对浓度来获得流体中氯或盐水的存在和浓度的指示。

公开(公告)号：US4297575A

公开(公告)日：1981-10-27

申请号：US66125

申请日：1979-08-13

Applicant: Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

Inventor： Harry D. Smith, Jr. ,  Dan M. Arnold ,  Kenneth J. Smith

IPC: G01V5/12 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: E21B47/082 ,  G01V5/125

Abstract: A method for simultaneously measuring the formation bulk density and the thickness of casing in a cased well borehole is disclosed. Low energy gamma rays are emitted into the casing and formation in a cased borehole. Two longitudinally spaced detectors detect gamma rays scattered back into the borehole by the casing and surrounding earth materials. The count rate signals from the two detectors are appropriately combined according to predetermined relationships to produce the formation bulk density and the casing thickness, which are recorded as a function of borehole depth.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于同时测量套管井眼中的地层堆积密度和套管厚度的方法。 低能γ射线被排放到套管中并在套管钻孔中形成。 两个纵向间隔的检测器检测由壳体和周围的土体材料散射回钻孔的伽马射线。 根据预定的关系适当地组合来自两个检测器的计数率信号，以产生作为钻孔深度的函数记录的地层堆积密度和壳体厚度。

公开(公告)号：US3940611A

公开(公告)日：1976-02-24

申请号：US489329

申请日：1974-07-17

Applicant: Dan M. Arnold

Inventor： Dan M. Arnold

IPC: G01V5/10 ,  G01V5/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/102

Abstract: A method is disclosed for measuring the thermal neutron decay time of earth formations in the vicinity of a well borehole. A harmonically intensity modulated source of fast neutrons is used to irradiate the earth formations with fast neutrons at three different intensity modulation frequencies. The tangents of the relative phase angles of the fast neutrons and the resulting thermal neutrons at each of the three frequencies of modulation are measured. First and second approximations to the earth formation thermal neutron decay time are derived from the three tangent measurements. These approximations are then combined to derive a value for the true earth formation thermal neutron decay time.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量井眼附近的地层的热中子衰减时间的方法。 使用谐波强度调制的快中子源，以三种不同的强度调制频率对具有快中子的地层进行照射。 测量三个调制频率中的每个频率处的快中子和所产生的热中子的相对相位角的切线。 第一次和第二次接近地球热中子衰减时间的近似来自三个切线测量。 然后将这些近似值组合以得到真正的地层形成热中子衰变时间的值。