公开(公告)号：US06721104B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-13

申请号：US10222246

申请日：2002-08-16

申请人： Ronald A. Schachar ,  Edward S. Kolesar

发明人： Ronald A. Schachar ,  Edward S. Kolesar

IPC分类号： G02B1514

CPC分类号： G02B3/14 ,  G02B26/0875

摘要： A system and method is disclosed for focusing an elastically deformable lens by making small changes in the equatorial diameter of the lens. A plurality of micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) microengine assemblies are coupled to the periphery of the lens. The lens is focused by exerting and relaxing radial tension in a plane generally perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens. Each microengine assembly utilizes thermal beam actuator arrays in combination with mechanical links to move a slider unit that is coupled to an aperture in the periphery of the lens. The movement of the slider unit alters the diameter of the lens to change the focus of the lens. The lens diameter may be changed by amounts as small as one micron.

摘要翻译： 公开了通过对透镜的赤道直径进行微小变化来聚焦可弹性变形的透镜的系统和方法。 多个微机电系统（MEMS）微发动机组件耦合到透镜的周边。 通过在大致垂直于透镜的光轴的平面内施加和放松径向张力来聚焦透镜。 每个微型发动机组件都使用与机械连杆结合的热束致动器阵列来移动耦合到透镜周边中的孔的滑块单元。 滑块单元的移动改变透镜的直径以改变透镜的焦点。 透镜直径可以改变为小至1微米的量。

公开(公告)号：US20110060152A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-10

申请号：US12556857

申请日：2009-09-10

申请人： Brian H. Dennis ,  Richard E. Billo ,  Christopher R. Oliver ,  John W. Priest ,  Edward S. Kolesar ,  Elinor Kolesar

发明人： Brian H. Dennis ,  Richard E. Billo ,  Christopher R. Oliver ,  John W. Priest ,  Edward S. Kolesar ,  Elinor Kolesar

IPC分类号： C11C3/00 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B32B37/00

CPC分类号： B01J19/0093 ,  B01F5/0646 ,  B01F5/0647 ,  B01F13/0072 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00015 ,  B01J2219/00783 ,  B01J2219/0081 ,  B01J2219/00833 ,  B01J2219/00835 ,  B01J2219/00869 ,  B01J2219/00889 ,  B01J2219/00961 ,  C07C67/03 ,  C11C3/10 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  C07C69/52

摘要： In a method and system to produce biodiesel using an improved catalytic transesterification process, a first reactant and a second reactant are dispersed to form a laminar slug flow pattern within a microchannel of a microreactor, the first reactant and the second reactant being immiscible. The first reactant and the second reactant are mixed, thereby triggering a reaction between them to produce the biodiesel and glycerol, the mixing being convection-enhanced by shear stress induced circulation occurring within each slug of the reactants. The reaction takes place under a pressure that is less than 5 psi and under a temperature that is less than 70 degrees Celsius. Separation of the glycerol from the biodiesel occurs simultaneously with the mixing. Several microreactors are coupled in parallel to improve throughput of the biodiesel.

摘要翻译： 在使用改进的催化酯交换方法生产生物柴油的方法和系统中，分散第一反应物和第二反应物以在微反应器的微通道内形成层流状流动模式，第一反应物和第二反应物是不混溶的。 将第一反应物和第二反应物混合，由此引发它们之间的反应以产生生物柴油和甘油，混合物通过在每个反应物的各个团块中发生的剪切应力诱导的循环来对流增强。 反应发生在低于5psi的压力下，在低于70摄氏度的温度下进行。 甘油与生物柴油的分离与混合同时发生。 几个微反应器并联耦合以提高生物柴油的产量。

公开(公告)号：US06691513B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US10222124

申请日：2002-08-16

申请人： Edward S. Kolesar

发明人： Edward S. Kolesar

IPC分类号： F01B2910

CPC分类号： B81B3/0024 ,  B81B2201/031 ,  F03G7/06 ,  H01H1/0036 ,  H01H2061/006 ,  H01H2061/008

摘要： A system and method for providing an improved micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) electrothermal actuator is disclosed. In prior art electrothermal actuators an electric current passes through a narrow arm and returns through a wide arm. The larger current density in the narrow arm heats the narrow arm so that it expands more than the wide arm. The differential expansion of the hot narrow arm and the cold wide arm deflects the end of the cold wide arm. The present invention provides an additional hot arm to provide a return path for the electric current so that the cold arm does not conduct electric current. The present invention optimizes power consumption, tip deflection and generated force. A bidirectional thermal beam actuator is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于提供改进的微电机械（MEMS）电热致动器的系统和方法。 在现有技术的电热致动器中，电流通过窄臂并通过宽臂返回。 窄臂中较大的电流密度加热了窄臂，使其比宽臂扩张。 热的窄臂和冷的宽臂的差动膨胀使冷宽臂的端部偏转。 本发明提供了一种额外的热臂，以提供电流的返回路径，使得冷臂不传导电流。 本发明优化了功耗，尖端偏转和产生的力。 还公开了双向热束致动器。

公开(公告)号：US5760530A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-02

申请号：US995230

申请日：1992-12-22

申请人： Edward S. Kolesar

发明人： Edward S. Kolesar

IPC分类号： H01L41/113 ,  H01L41/08

CPC分类号： H01L27/20 ,  H01L41/1132

摘要： A two-dimensional, electrically-multiplexed robotic tactile sensor realized by capacitively coupling a piezoelectric film such as a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer film to a monolithic silicon integrated circuit. The disclosed integrated circuit incorporates 64 identical sensor electrodes arranged in a symmetrical 8.times.8 matrix and physically adjacent electronic amplification for each sensor electrode signal. The response of a typical tactile sensor is linear for loads spanning the range of 0.8 to 135 grams of force and provides a response bandwidth of 20-25 Hz. Stability and response reproducibility limitations often associated with piezoelectric-based tactile sensors are resolved by a pre-charge voltage bias sequence for the PVDF film which initializes the pre-and post-load sensor responses. Recognition of sharp-edge, square, trapezoid, isosceles triangle, circle, toroid, slotted screw, and cross-slotted screw shapes using the sensor is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 通过将诸如聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）聚合物膜的压电膜电容耦合到单片硅集成电路而实现的二维，电复用机器人触觉传感器。 所公开的集成电路包括以对称的8×8矩阵排列的64个相同的传感器电极，并且每个传感器电极信号物理上相邻的电子放大。 典型的触觉传感器的响应对于跨越0.8至135克力的范围的负载是线性的，并且提供20-25Hz的响应带宽。 通常与基于压电的触觉传感器相关的稳定性和响应再现性限制通过初始化负载前和负载后传感器响应的PVDF膜的预充电电压偏置顺序来解决。 还公开了使用传感器识别锐边，正方形，梯形，等腰三角形，圆形，环形，开槽螺钉和交叉开槽螺钉形状。