公开(公告)号：US20130188778A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-25

申请号：US13698786

申请日：2011-05-19

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell ,  Ting Lin

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell ,  Ting Lin

IPC分类号： G21K1/00

CPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  G21K1/067 ,  G21K2201/067

摘要： According to some aspects, a hybrid optic is provided. The hybrid optic comprises a capillary optic for receiving x-rays from an x-ray source at an entrance portion of the capillary optic and for providing x-rays at an exit portion of the capillary optic, and a grazing incidence multi-shell optic (GIMSO) coupled, at an entrance portion of the GIMSO, to the exit portion of the capillary optic to receive x-rays emerging from the exit portion of the capillary optic, the GIMSO including an exit portion for providing x-rays.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种混合光学器件。 所述混合光学元件包括毛细管光学元件，用于在所述毛细管光学元件的入口部分处接收来自X射线源的X射线，并用于在所述毛细管光学元件的出口部分处提供x射线，以及放射入射多壳光学器件 GIMSO）在GIMSO的入口部分处耦合到毛细管光学器件的出口部分以接收从毛细管光纤的出口部分出射的x射线，GIMSO包括用于提供x射线的出射部分。

公开(公告)号：US08831175B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-09

申请号：US13698786

申请日：2011-05-19

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell ,  Ting Lin

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell ,  Ting Lin

IPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  G21K1/06

CPC分类号： G21K1/00 ,  G21K1/067 ,  G21K2201/067

摘要： According to some aspects, a hybrid optic is provided. The hybrid optic comprises a capillary optic for receiving x-rays from an x-ray source at an entrance portion of the capillary optic and for providing x-rays at an exit portion of the capillary optic, and a grazing incidence multi-shell optic (GIMSO) coupled, at an entrance portion of the GIMSO, to the exit portion of the capillary optic to receive x-rays emerging from the exit portion of the capillary optic, the GIMSO including an exit portion for providing x-rays.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种混合光学器件。 所述混合光学元件包括毛细管光学元件，用于在所述毛细管光学元件的入口部分处接收来自X射线源的X射线，并用于在所述毛细管光学元件的出口部分处提供x射线，以及放射入射多壳光学器件 GIMSO）在GIMSO的入口部分处耦合到毛细管光学器件的出口部分以接收从毛细管光纤的出口部分出射的x射线，GIMSO包括用于提供x射线的出射部分。

公开(公告)号：US20110038455A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-17

申请号：US12761724

申请日：2010-04-16

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Gerald Austin ,  David Caldwell

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61N5/10 ,  H01J35/08

CPC分类号： A61B6/4064 ,  A61B6/022 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/50 ,  A61B6/503 ,  A61B6/5264 ,  A61B6/5276 ,  A61B6/5288 ,  A61B8/5276 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N2005/1091 ,  A61N2005/1098 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： According to some aspects, an x-ray apparatus for imaging and/or radiation therapy is provided, the x-ray apparatus comprises an electron source capable of generating electrons, at least one first target arrange to receive electrons from the electron source, the at least one first target comprising material that, in response to being irradiated by the electrons, emits broad spectrum x-ray radiation, at least one second target arranged to receive at least some of the broad spectrum x-ray radiation, the at least one second target comprising material that, in response irradiation by broad spectrum x-ray radiation from the first target, emits monochromatic x-ray radiation, and at least one detector position to detect at least some of the monochromatic x-ray radiation emitted from the at least one second target. According to some aspects, a relatively low cost, relatively small footprint x-ray apparatus for generating monochromatic x-ray radiation suitable for medical/clinical purposes and appropriate for use in existing medical facilities such as hospitals and/or small clinical settings is provided.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种用于成像和/或放射治疗的X射线装置，所述X射线装置包括能够产生电子的电子源，至少一个第一靶被布置成从电子源接收电子， 至少一个第一靶包括材料，所述材料响应于被电子照射而发射宽谱X射线辐射，至少一个第二靶被布置成接收至少一些广谱X射线辐射，所述至少一个第二靶 目标包括材料，所述材料响应于来自所述第一靶的广谱x射线辐射的照射发射单色x射线辐射，以及至少一个检测器位置，以检测从所述至少一个发射的至少一些单色x射线辐射 一秒钟的目标。 根据一些方面，提供了一种相对低成本，相对小的占地面积X射线装置，用于产生适用于医疗/临床目的并适用于现有医疗设施如医院和/或小临床设置的单色x射线辐射。

公开(公告)号：US20150369758A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14749592

申请日：2015-06-24

申请人： Eric H. Silver

发明人： Eric H. Silver

IPC分类号： G01N23/083

CPC分类号： G01N23/083 ,  G01N2223/405 ,  G01N2223/423

摘要： According to some aspects, a method is provided comprising generating first monochromatic x-ray radiation at a first energy, directing at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation to irradiate subject matter of interest, detecting at least some of the first monochromatic x-ray radiation transmitted through the subject matter of interest, and determining information about a chemical composition of the subject matter of interest based, at least in part, on the detected first monochromatic x-ray radiation and the first energy.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种方法，包括以第一能量产生第一单色x射线辐射，引导至少一些第一单色x射线辐射照射感兴趣的主题，检测第一单色x射线中的至少一些 至少部分地基于检测到的第一单色x射线辐射和第一能量来确定关于感兴趣主题的化学成分的信息。

公开(公告)号：US06310350B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09404288

申请日：1999-09-23

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Norman W. Madden

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Norman W. Madden

IPC分类号： G01T136

CPC分类号： G01K17/006 ,  G01K1/026

摘要： Multi-element microcalorimeter array. The microcalorimeter array includes at least two microcalorimeter with each microcalorimeter including a detector coupled thermally to a cold bath. Each detector has associated with it a thermal sensor to generate a signal proportional to a rise in the detector's temperature. A single negative voltage feedback JFET preamplifier circuit is connected to each of the detectors and includes a JFET with a gate, the signals from the thermal sensors connected to the gate. The output of the preamplifier circuit is proportional to radiation energy absorbed by the detector. Each detector has a different thermal recovery time so that the detectors can be discriminated. The multiplexing arrangement of the invention makes it possible to reduce the overall number of preamplifier and post-processing channels for a large multi-element array. This reduction in turn significantly lowers the JFET heat load, mass and power requirements for the microcalorimeter array.

摘要翻译： 多元微量计数组。 微量热计阵列包括至少两个微量热计，其中每个微量热计包括热耦合到冷浴的检测器。 每个检测器与其相关联的是一个热传感器，以产生与检测器温度上升成比例的信号。 单个负电压反馈JFET前置放大器电路连接到每个检测器，并且包括具有栅极的JFET，来自热传感器的信号连接到栅极。 前置放大器电路的输出与检测器吸收的辐射能成正比。 每个检测器具有不同的热恢复时间，使得可以区分检测器。 本发明的复用布置使得可以减少用于大型多元件阵列的前置放大器和后处理通道的总数。 这种减少反而显着降低了微量热计量阵列的JFET热负荷，质量和功率要求。

公开(公告)号：US5777336A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-07

申请号：US538323

申请日：1995-10-03

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Mark Legros ,  Norm W. Madden ,  Fred Goulding ,  Don Landis

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Mark Legros ,  Norm W. Madden ,  Fred Goulding ,  Don Landis

IPC分类号： G01N23/207 ,  G01T1/36 ,  G01T1/24

CPC分类号： G01N23/207

摘要： A broad bandwidth high resolution x-ray fluorescence spectrometer has a performance that is superior in many ways to those currently available. It consists of an array of 4 large area microcalorimeters with 95% quantum efficiency at 6 keV and it produces x-ray spectra between 0.2 keV and 7 keV with an energy resolution of 7 to 10 eV. The resolution is obtained at input count rates per array element of 10 to 50 Hz in real-time, with analog pulse processing and thermal pile-up rejection. This performance cannot be matched by currently available x-ray spectrometers. The detectors are incorporated into a compact and portable cryogenic refrigerator system that is ready for use in many analytical spectroscopy applications as a tool for x-ray microanalysis or in research applications such as laboratory and astrophysical x-ray and particle spectroscopy.

摘要翻译： 宽带宽的高分辨率x射线荧光光谱仪具有在许多方面优于当前可用的性能。 它由4个大面积微量热计的阵列组成，在6keV下具有95％的量子效率，并产生0.2keV至7keV之间的x射线光谱，能量分辨率为7至10eV。 以10到50 Hz的数组元素的输入计数率实时获得分辨率，具有模拟脉冲处理和热堆积抑制。 这种性能不能与当前可用的X射线光谱仪匹配。 检测器被结合到紧凑且便携式的低温冰箱系统中，其准备用于许多分析光谱应用，作为用于x射线微量分析的工具或在诸如实验室和天体物理x射线和粒子光谱学的研究应用中。

公开(公告)号：US09066702B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-30

申请号：US14475432

申请日：2014-09-02

申请人： Eric H. Silver

发明人： Eric H. Silver

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B8/08 ,  H05G2/00 ,  A61N5/10

CPC分类号： A61B6/4064 ,  A61B6/022 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/50 ,  A61B6/503 ,  A61B6/5264 ,  A61B6/5276 ,  A61B6/5288 ,  A61B8/5276 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N2005/1091 ,  A61N2005/1098 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： According to some aspects, an x-ray apparatus for imaging and/or radiation therapy is provided, the x-ray apparatus comprises an electron source capable of generating electrons, at least one first target arranged to receive electrons from the electron source, the at least one first target comprising material that, in response to being irradiated by the electrons, emits broad spectrum x-ray radiation, at least one second target arranged to receive at least some of the broad spectrum x-ray radiation, the at least one second target comprising material that, in response to irradiation by broad spectrum x-ray radiation from the first target, emits monochromatic x-ray radiation, and at least one detector positioned to detect at least some of the monochromatic x-ray radiation emitted from the at least one second target. According to some aspects, a relatively low cost, relatively small footprint x-ray apparatus for generating monochromatic x-ray radiation suitable for medical/clinical purposes and appropriate for use in existing medical facilities such as hospitals and/or small clinical settings is provided.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种用于成像和/或放射治疗的X射线装置，所述X射线装置包括能够产生电子的电子源，至少一个第一靶，被布置成从电子源接收电子， 至少一个第一靶包括材料，所述材料响应于被电子照射而发射宽谱X射线辐射，至少一个第二靶被布置成接收至少一些广谱X射线辐射，所述至少一个第二靶 目标包括响应于来自第一靶的广谱X射线辐射的照射而发射单色x射线辐射的材料，以及至少一个检测器，其被定位成检测从所述第一靶发射的至少一些单色x射线辐射 至少一秒钟的目标。 根据一些方面，提供了一种相对低成本，相对小的占地面积X射线装置，用于产生适用于医疗/临床目的并适用于现有医疗设施如医院和/或小临床设置的单色x射线辐射。

公开(公告)号：US20130188773A1

公开(公告)日：2013-07-25

申请号：US13709597

申请日：2012-12-10

申请人： Eric H. Silver

发明人： Eric H. Silver

IPC分类号： A61B6/00

CPC分类号： A61B6/4064 ,  A61B6/022 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/4035 ,  A61B6/482 ,  A61B6/485 ,  A61B6/50 ,  A61B6/503 ,  A61B6/5264 ,  A61B6/5276 ,  A61B6/5288 ,  A61B8/5276 ,  A61N5/10 ,  A61N2005/1091 ,  A61N2005/1098 ,  H05G2/00

摘要： According to some aspects, an x-ray apparatus for imaging and/or radiation therapy is provided, the x-ray apparatus comprises an electron source capable of generating electrons, at least one first target arranged to receive electrons from the electron source, the at least one first target comprising material that, in response to being irradiated by the electrons, emits broad spectrum x-ray radiation, at least one second target arranged to receive at least some of the broad spectrum x-ray radiation, the at least one second target comprising material that, in response to irradiation by broad spectrum x-ray radiation from the first target, emits monochromatic x-ray radiation, and at least one detector positioned to detect at least some of to the monochromatic x-ray radiation emitted from the at least one second target. According to some aspects, a relatively low cost, relatively small footprint x-ray apparatus for generating monochromatic x-ray radiation suitable for medical/clinical purposes and appropriate for use in existing medical facilities such as hospitals and/or small clinical settings is provided.

摘要翻译： 根据一些方面，提供了一种用于成像和/或放射治疗的X射线装置，所述X射线装置包括能够产生电子的电子源，至少一个第一靶，被布置成从电子源接收电子， 至少一个第一靶包括材料，所述材料响应于被电子照射而发射宽谱X射线辐射，至少一个第二靶被布置成接收至少一些广谱X射线辐射，所述至少一个第二靶 靶包括响应于来自第一靶的广谱X射线辐射的照射而发射单色x射线辐射的材料，以及至少一个检测器，其定位成检测从所述第一靶发射的单色X射线辐射中的至少一些 至少一个第二个目标。 根据一些方面，提供了一种相对低成本，相对小的占地面积X射线装置，用于产生适用于医疗/临床目的并适用于现有医疗设施如医院和/或小临床设置的单色x射线辐射。

公开(公告)号：US07232487B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-19

申请号：US10039448

申请日：2001-11-09

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Norman W. Madden ,  McDonald Robinson ,  Lamonte H. Lawrence

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Norman W. Madden ,  McDonald Robinson ,  Lamonte H. Lawrence

IPC分类号： C30B29/08

CPC分类号： G01K7/223

摘要： A method of making a highly sensitive epitaxial germanium low temperature sensor that is superior in the method of production and performance than those currently available. The geometry and sensitivity of the sensor can be tuned to desired temperature ranges, and specifically can operate at cryogenic temperatures. The sensor can be manufactured uniformly and reproducibly in large quantities at relatively low cost in which large area arrays are possible. The applications of the sensors range from conventional low temperature thermometry and control in laboratory and industrial settings, to applications associated with infrared, x-ray, particle and plasma physics and spectroscopy.

摘要翻译： 制造高度敏感的外延锗低温传感器的方法，其在生产和性能方面优于目前可获得的。 传感器的几何形状和灵敏度可以调整到所需的温度范围，具体可以在低温下运行。 传感器可以以相对较低的成本大量均匀且可重复地制造，其中大面积阵列是可能的。 传感器的应用范围从实验室和工业环境中的常规低温测温和控制到与红外线，X射线，粒子和等离子体物理学和光谱学相关的应用。

公开(公告)号：US06594337B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-15

申请号：US09621440

申请日：2000-07-21

申请人： Eric H. Silver ,  Herbert W. Schnopper ,  Russel Ingram

发明人： Eric H. Silver ,  Herbert W. Schnopper ,  Russel Ingram

IPC分类号： G21K106

CPC分类号： G03F7/70166 ,  B82Y10/00

摘要： X-ray diagnostic system. The system includes a source of x-rays which communicates with an x-ray beam concentrator spaced apart from the x-ray source and disposed for receiving x-rays from the x-ray source. An x-ray spectrometer is disposed for receiving x-rays from the concentrator. In a preferred embodiment, the concentrator is formed of a cylindrical spiral of a metal-coated plastic material having a surface for reflecting x-rays. In another embodiment, the concentrator includes a plurality of concentric nested cylinders of a metal-coated plastic material for reflecting x-rays. In yet another embodiment, the concentrator is a glass capillary bundle. The concentrator allows the spectrometer to be spaced away from the source of x-rays such as scanning electron microscope.

摘要翻译： X光诊断系统。 该系统包括x射线源，其与与X射线源间隔开的X射线束集中器通信并且被设置成用于从x射线源接收x射线。 X射线光谱仪被设置用于从聚光器接收x射线。 在优选实施例中，集中器由具有用于反射x射线的表面的金属涂覆的塑料材料的圆柱形螺旋形成。 在另一个实施例中，集中器包括用于反射x射线的金属涂覆塑料材料的多个同心嵌套圆柱体。 在另一个实施例中，集中器是玻璃毛细管束。 浓缩器允许光谱仪与X射线源（例如扫描电子显微镜）隔开。