公开(公告)号：US07193486B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-20

申请号：US11038354

申请日：2005-01-19

申请人： Eric M. Mrozek ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Mark Kintis

发明人： Eric M. Mrozek ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Mark Kintis

IPC分类号： H03K3/36 ,  H03K3/00

CPC分类号： H03K5/12 ,  H03B25/00

摘要： A comb frequency generator that is tunable to vary the width of the pulses in the output signal and achieve a maximum power output at different harmonic frequencies. A wavefront compression device receives a sinusoidal input signal and provides wavefront compression to create a compressed signal having a series of periodic fast edges. A delay device receives the fast-edge compressed signal and delays the fast-edge signal to create a delayed fast-edge signal. A combining device receives the original fast-edge compressed signal and the delayed fast-edge compressed signal to generate an output signal including a series of pulses having a width determined by the delay of the delayed signal. In one embodiment, the delay device is a shorted transmission line stub having a length selectively set by a series of MEM devices. In another embodiment, the delay device is an NLTL variable time delay device that delays the fast-edge signal.

摘要翻译： 梳状频率发生器，可调谐以改变输出信号中的脉冲宽度，并实现不同谐波频率下的最大功率输出。 波前压缩装置接收正弦输入信号并提供波前压缩以产生具有一系列周期性快速边缘的压缩信号。 延迟装置接收快速边缘压缩信号并延迟快速边缘信号以产生延迟的快速边缘信号。 组合装置接收原始快速边缘压缩信号和延迟的快速边缘压缩信号，以产生包括具有由延迟信号的延迟确定的宽度的一系列脉冲的输出信号。 在一个实施例中，延迟装置是具有由一系列MEM装置选择性地设置的长度的短路传输线短截线。 在另一个实施例中，延迟装置是延迟快速边缘信号的NLTL可变时间延迟装置。

公开(公告)号：US20080169846A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-17

申请号：US11651989

申请日：2007-01-11

申请人： Xing Lan ,  Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong

发明人： Xing Lan ,  Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong

IPC分类号： H03B21/00 ,  G06F1/04 ,  H03K7/02

CPC分类号： H03B25/00 ,  H03K5/12

摘要： A device and method are disclosed for synthesizing a waveform having pulse segments. An exemplary generator can include units having a time delay element and pulse generator generating the pulse segments. An input divider divides an input signal into signal instances that propagate through the units and an output combiner combines pulse segments to form the waveform. The pulse generators include a sharpening circuit for sharpening a rising edge and a falling edge of the pulse segments. The sharpening circuit includes a tunable delay element coupled to a non-linear transmission line (NLTL). Another NLTL can be coupled in parallel with the tunable delay element and the first NLTL. The NLTLs include input sections coupled to anodes or cathodes of Schottky diode elements, and the respective cathodes or anodes are coupled to a signal ground.

公开(公告)号：US07844241B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-30

申请号：US11783435

申请日：2007-04-10

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Steve Maas

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Steve Maas

IPC分类号： H04B1/26 ,  H04B15/00

CPC分类号： H04B1/28 ,  H03D7/1408

摘要： A frequency converter (100) is provided, comprising: a pulse generator (150) configured to receive a balanced local oscillator signal pair and to generate a balanced rectangular pulse signal pair having the reference frequency; and a mixer (160) configured to mix an input signal having an input frequency with the balanced rectangular pulse signal pair to generate an output signal having an output frequency. The input frequency is different from the output frequency, and the pulse generator and the mixer are formed on a single integrated circuit (120). The frequency converter may comprise a balanced local oscillator (110) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair. The balanced local oscillator may comprise: an unbalanced local oscillator (130) configured to provide an unbalanced local oscillator signal having the reference frequency; and a balun (140) configured to generate the balanced local oscillator signal pair based on the unbalanced local oscillator signal.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种变频器（100），包括：脉冲发生器（150），被配置为接收平衡本地振荡器信号对并产生具有参考频率的平衡矩形脉冲信号对; 以及混频器（160），其被配置为将具有输入频率的输入信号与所述平衡矩形脉冲信号对混合，以产生具有输出频率的输出信号。 输入频率与输出频率不同，脉冲发生器和混频器形成在单个集成电路（120）上。 变频器可以包括被配置为产生平衡本地振荡器信号对的平衡本地振荡器（110）。 平衡本地振荡器可以包括：非平衡本地振荡器（130），其被配置为提供具有参考频率的不平衡本地振荡器信号; 以及平衡 - 不平衡变换器（140），其被配置为基于所述不平衡本地振荡器信号来产生所述平衡本地振荡器信号对。

公开(公告)号：US07570137B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US11288049

申请日：2005-11-14

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Thomas T. Y. Wong ,  Xing Lan

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Thomas T. Y. Wong ,  Xing Lan

IPC分类号： H01P7/06

CPC分类号： H01P7/065

摘要： A ferroelectric loaded waveguide resonator capable of operation at microwave, millimeter-wave and higher frequencies and suitable for integration into a three-dimensional monolithic microwave integrated circuit (3D MMIC) is disclosed. The resonator includes a resonator cavity, which, in one form of the invention, is formed by two parallel metal layers and a metallized wall structure extending between the metal layers. The cavity is filled with dielectric material and includes a layer of ferroelectric material, which is used to control the resonant frequency by varying a voltage bias applied to the ferroelectric layer. The cavity includes a slot in one of the metal layers and a coupling strip formed adjacent to the slot to provide electromagnetic coupling to other components, such as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The invention can also be applied to other multi-metal semiconductor or wafer level packaging technologies.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种能够在微波，毫米波和更高频率下操作并且适合于集成到三维单片微波集成电路（3D MMIC）中的铁电负载波导谐振器。 谐振器包括谐振器腔，其在本发明的一种形式中由两个平行的金属层和在金属层之间延伸的金属化壁结构形成。 空腔填充有电介质材料，并且包括铁电材料层，其用于通过改变施加到铁电层的电压偏压来控制谐振频率。 空腔包括在金属层中的一个中的槽和与槽相邻形成的耦合条，以提供与其它部件（例如压控振荡器（VCO））的电磁耦合。 本发明也可应用于其他多金属半导体或晶圆级封装技术。

公开(公告)号：US07570129B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-04

申请号：US11218968

申请日：2005-09-02

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Xing Lan

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Xing Lan

IPC分类号： H01F5/00

CPC分类号： H01P5/10 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F2021/125 ,  H01L23/5227 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A three dimensional (3D) monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) balun and methods of making the same are provided. A primary spiral winding is spaced apart from a secondary primary winding by a gap in a substantially aligned stacked configuration forming a balun. The gap medium can be a low dielectric constant material if employing a multi-metal process or air if employing a wafer level packaging process.

摘要翻译： 提供了三维（3D）单片集成电路（MMIC）平衡 - 不平衡变换器及其制造方法。 初级螺旋绕组与次级初级绕组间隔开一个形成一个平衡 - 不平衡变换器的基本对齐的堆叠结构的间隙。 如果使用多金属工艺或空气，如果采用晶片级封装工艺，间隙介质可以是低介电常数材料。

公开(公告)号：US07542735B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-02

申请号：US11584276

申请日：2006-10-20

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Alan Cherrette ,  Edward V. Koretzky ,  Juan Rivera ,  Gregory H. Rowan ,  Derrick M. Yamauchi

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Alan Cherrette ,  Edward V. Koretzky ,  Juan Rivera ,  Gregory H. Rowan ,  Derrick M. Yamauchi

IPC分类号： H04B1/04

CPC分类号： H03F1/3211 ,  H03F3/19 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F3/66

摘要： An apparatus in one example comprises a differential amplifier and a differential mixer. The differential amplifier is configured to receive a multi-octave differential input signal and output an amplified multi-octave differential output signal. The differential amplifier is also configured to substantially reduce second order harmonic distortion of the amplified multi-octave differential output signal through common mode rejection. The differential mixer configured to multiply the amplified multi-octave differential output signal with a local oscillator input signal and output an up-converted sub-octave differential output signal. The multi-octave differential input signal and the up-converted sub-octave differential output signal comprise a substantially same bandwidth.

摘要翻译： 一个示例中的装置包括差分放大器和差分混频器。 差分放大器被配置为接收多倍频程差分输入信号并输出​​放大的多倍频程差分输出信号。 差分放大器还被配置为通过共模抑制来显着地减少放大的多倍频程差分输出信号的二次谐波失真。 差分混频器被配置为将放大的多倍频程差分输出信号与本地振荡器输入信号相乘，并输出上变频子倍频程差分输出信号。 多倍频程差分输入信号和上变频子倍频程差分输出信号包括基本相同的带宽。

公开(公告)号：US07462956B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-09

申请号：US11651989

申请日：2007-01-11

申请人： Xing Lan ,  Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong

发明人： Xing Lan ,  Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong

IPC分类号： H03K3/64 ,  H03K5/06 ,  H03K5/12

CPC分类号： H03B25/00 ,  H03K5/12

摘要： A device and method are disclosed for synthesizing a waveform having pulse segments. An exemplary generator can include units having a time delay element and pulse generator generating the pulse segments. An input divider divides an input signal into signal instances that propagate through the units and an output combiner combines pulse segments to form the waveform. The pulse generators include a sharpening circuit for sharpening a rising edge and a falling edge of the pulse segments. The sharpening circuit includes a tunable delay element coupled to a non-linear transmission line (NLTL). Another NLTL can be coupled in parallel with the tunable delay element and the first NLTL. The NLTLs include input sections coupled to anodes or cathodes of Schottky diode elements, and the respective cathodes or anodes are coupled to a signal ground.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于合成具有脉冲段的波形的装置和方法。 示例性发生器可以包括具有时间延迟元件的单元和产生脉冲段的脉冲发生器。 输入分频器将输入信号分成通过单元传播的信号实例，输出组合器组合脉冲段以形成波形。 脉冲发生器包括用于锐化脉冲段的上升沿和下降沿的锐化电路。 锐化电路包括耦合到非线性传输线（NLTL）的可调谐延迟元件。 另一个NLTL可以与可调谐延迟元件和第一个NLTL并联耦合。 NLTL包括耦合到肖特基二极管元件的阳极或阴极的输入部分，并且相应的阴极或阳极耦合到信号地。

公开(公告)号：US20080096498A1

公开(公告)日：2008-04-24

申请号：US11584276

申请日：2006-10-20

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Alan Cherrette ,  Edward V. Koretzky ,  Juan Rivera ,  Gregory H. Rowan ,  Derrick M. Yamauchi

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Alan Cherrette ,  Edward V. Koretzky ,  Juan Rivera ,  Gregory H. Rowan ,  Derrick M. Yamauchi

IPC分类号： H04B1/04 ,  H01Q11/12

CPC分类号： H03F1/3211 ,  H03F3/19 ,  H03F3/45475 ,  H03F3/66

摘要： An apparatus in one example comprises a differential amplifier and a differential mixer. The differential amplifier is configured to receive a multi-octave differential input signal and output an amplified multi-octave differential output signal. The differential amplifier is also configured to substantially reduce second order harmonic distortion of the amplified multi-octave differential output signal through common mode rejection. The differential mixer configured to multiply the amplified multi-octave differential output signal with a local oscillator input signal and output an up-converted sub-octave differential output signal. The multi-octave differential input signal and the up-converted sub-octave differential output signal comprise a substantially same bandwidth.

摘要翻译： 一个示例中的装置包括差分放大器和差分混频器。 差分放大器被配置为接收多倍频程差分输入信号并输出​​放大的多倍频程差分输出信号。 差分放大器还被配置为通过共模抑制来显着地减少放大的多倍频程差分输出信号的二次谐波失真。 差分混频器被配置为将放大的多倍频程差分输出信号与本地振荡器输入信号相乘，并输出上变频子倍频程差分输出信号。 多倍频程差分输入信号和上变频子倍频程差分输出信号包括基本相同的带宽。

公开(公告)号：US07276981B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-02

申请号：US11236033

申请日：2005-09-27

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Thomas T. Y. Wong ,  Xing Lan

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Thomas T. Y. Wong ,  Xing Lan

IPC分类号： H03B5/00

CPC分类号： H03B5/1841

摘要： A three dimensional (3D) microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) multi-push voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and methods of making the same is provided. The 3D MMIC multi-push oscillator includes a plurality of matching frequency oscillators coupled to a phasing ring in substantially equidistantly spaced apart locations. A combined VCO output signal is provided at a central output connection point of the phasing ring. The central output connection point resides on a first plane. An output conductor transition has a first end coupled to the central output connection point and a second end provided as an output to the quad-push VCO. The output conductor transition extends transverse to the first plane and terminates at a second plane separated from the first plane. The multi-push oscillator can be a push-push, quad-push or N-push type VCO based on a particular implementation.

公开(公告)号：US06690247B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-10

申请号：US09245609

申请日：1999-02-05

申请人： Mark Kintis ,  Daniel K. Ko ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Stephen A. Maas

发明人： Mark Kintis ,  Daniel K. Ko ,  Flavia S. Fong ,  Stephen A. Maas

IPC分类号： H03K336

CPC分类号： H03K5/12 ,  H03K5/156

摘要： A nonlinear transmission-line waveform generator for generating a comb of frequencies and relatively short duration pulses, for example, in the range of picoseconds and tens of picoseconds, that are adapted to being utilized with ultra wideband radios in order to improve the bandwidth of such radios by an order of magnitude, for example, up to tens and even hundreds of GHz. In particular, the nonlinear transmission line waveform generator in accordance with the present invention consists of a microstrip or coplanar waveguide line. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention, the &Dgr;C/&Dgr;V characteristic of the nonlinear transmission line is matched to the frequency and amplitude of the input sinusoidal waveform. By matching the &Dgr;C/&Dgr;V characteristics of the nonlinear transmission line to the input sinusoidal waveform, the output of the nonlinear transmission line produces a comb of frequencies that are multiples of the input sinusoidal waveform frequency, making it suitable as a harmonic generator. The nonlinear transmission line can also be used to generate relatively short duration pulses by disposing a shorting stub at the output. The shorting stub causes the waveform to be reflected 180° out of phase so that it cancels the trailing edge of the original output from the nonlinear transmission lines to form a short duration pulse in the picosecond range. The length of the stub determines the width of the resultant output pulse.

摘要翻译： 一种非线性传输线波形发生器，用于产生适于与超宽带无线电一起使用的频率梳和相对较短持续时间的脉冲，例如在皮秒和几十皮秒的范围内，以便改善这样的带宽 无线电台的数量级，例如达数十甚至数百GHz。 特别地，根据本发明的非线性传输线波形发生器由微带或共面波导线组成。 根据本发明的重要方面，非线性传输线的DeltaC / DeltaV特性与输入正弦波形的频率和幅度相匹配。 通过将非线性传输线的DeltaC / DeltaV特性与输入正弦波形匹配，非线性传输线的输出产生的频率梳是输入正弦波形频率的倍数，使其适合作为谐波发生器。 非线性传输线还可用于通过在输出端设置短路短截线来产生相对短的持续时间脉冲。 短路短线使得波形相位反射180°，从而抵消来自非线性传输线的原始输出的后沿，以在皮秒范围内形成短持续时间脉冲。 短截线的长度确定所得输出脉冲的宽度。