摘要:
The initiation and end of the application of a jolt control system to the internal combustion engine during gearshift operations is matched to then-present operating conditions by determining the engine speeds at which the control is to be initiated and ended as a function of the engine speed at the start of the gearshifting. For this purpose, the initial speed is digitalized and used as an address for a storage which contains the desired values. In a second embodiment, the speed at the end of the gearshift is determined and the values read out from storage are speed increment values which are added to the speed at the start of the gearshifting and subtracted from the speed at the end of the gearshift during downshift operations, and vice versa during upshift operations, to determine the engine speeds at which the jolt control is to be initiated and terminated.
摘要:
In an apparatus for damping courses of movement of two bodies or masses moving at variable velocities relative to one another and in their absolute positions, in particular for damping resilient wheel suspension systems in vehicles, in which a piston dividing a cylinder into two work chambers is dampingly affected in its particular movement direction (tension stage, compression stage) by controlled hydraulic throttle valves connected in series or in parallel with one another, parallel to the throttle valves, respective check valves opening in the opposite direction are provided, wherein the connections of all the valves remote from the work chamber connections are joined together and that a separate passive and (semi-) active damping effect be initiated. The necessary bandwidth of the frequency response of the electrohydraulic valves of apparatuses of this kind can be reduced drastically as a result.
摘要:
A method is described for ascertaining the set-point braking moment for the various wheels of a vehicle, in which to this end, signals dependent on the wheel speeds V.sub.Ri and the vehicle speed V.sub.F are used. The signals from which the set-point braking moments are ascertained are obtained by sending the signals corresponding to the wheel speeds and the vehicle speed through an especially embodied Kalman filter.
摘要:
A spark plug for internal combustion engines comprises a center electrode enclosed in an insulating body enclosed in a metal housing, and a ground electrode. The insulating body has an end portion which faces the combustion chamber. An electrical field develops, resulting in a surface spark gap between two electrodes on the surface of the insulating body at the end portion thereof. The insulating body is transversely divided into the upper portion and the lower portion, of which the lower portion facing the combustion chamber is made of a material having dielectric constant 5-50 times higher than that of the upper portion.
摘要:
A method for ascertaining an optimal slip value .lambda. at at least one wheel of a vehicle, in order to be able to regulate the braking force optimally. To this end, at least the wheel speed is measured, and the vehicle speed is ascertained. By varying the braking pressure and the slip during driving, signal combinations for the wheel speed, the vehicle speed, the braking pressure and the tire/road contact force are ascertained and inserted into a given function V.sub.R (K+1). For the resultant equation system, the coefficients .alpha..sub.n can then be ascertained from which the coefficients a.sub.n of a general description of the .mu. slip curve can be ascertained. With these coefficients a.sub.n, the .mu. slip curve and its maximum, from which the optimal slip .lambda. can then be ascertained, are then clearly defined.
摘要:
The invention is directed to a method for the formation of an air-fuel mixture for an internal combustion engine, including an oxygen sensor exposed to the exhaust gas and responsive to the oxygen content of the exhaust gas, a signal-processing unit processing the output signals of the oxygen sensor, and a memory store for storing a set of characteristic curves dependent on at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, the characteristic values thereof (F.sub..lambda.) determining the amount of fuel to be metered. In this method, a time-variable perturbation (.DELTA.F.sub..+-.) is superposed on the characteristic values (F.sub..lambda.), the oxygen sensor output signals (U.sub..lambda.) are evaluated with regard to their change due to the perturbation (.DELTA.F.sub..+-.), and the characteristic values (F.sub..lambda.) are suitably corrected to achieve an optimum air-fuel ratio. In this arrangement, the modulation frequency of the characteristic values (F.sub..lambda.) is to assume as high values as possible while the modulation amplitude is to be as low as possible. This method permits a substantial increase in the limit frequency of the Lambda sensor operation cycles.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种用于形成用于内燃机的空气燃料混合物的方法,所述内燃机包括暴露于废气并响应于排气的氧含量的氧传感器,信号处理单元处理输出 氧传感器的信号,以及存储器,用于存储取决于内燃机的至少一个操作参数的一组特性曲线,其特征值(Fλ)确定要计量的燃料量。 在该方法中,时间变化扰动(DELTA F +/-)叠加在特征值(Fλ)上,氧传感器输出信号(Uλ)关于它们由于扰动(DELTA F + / - ),并且适当地校正特征值(Fλ)以实现最佳空燃比。 在这种布置中,在调制幅度尽可能低的情况下,特征值(Fλ)的调制频率应尽可能高。 该方法允许Lambda传感器操作周期的极限频率显着增加。
摘要:
A brake controller is connected downstream of a primary vehicle dynamics computer and has a channel for controlling the yaw velocity at a desired value, and a channel for limiting the sideslip angle. The computer prescribes the desired value and the limit value, and determines which channel is effective on the basis of the driving situation. The two channels generate a control signal which is routed via a control amplifier having a proportional component and a differential component. An actuating signal which is used to input braking pressure at the wheel brakes is formed from the resulting signal components, the instantaneous driving situation being assigned in both cases to one of a plurality of classes, and this assignment being co-used to determine the wheels at which braking pressure is input.
摘要:
System for controlling yawing moment in a vehicle equipped with ABS and rear wheel steering includes a controller which generates a compensation steering angle for the rear wheels based on the difference between brake pressures at the front wheels. The difference is filtered so that the angle is zero up to a minimum pressure threshold and thereafter consists of a constant portion added to a variable portion which decreases with time. The compensation steering angle so generated may be modified by a correction factor dependent on the transverse acceleration of the vehicle and a further correction factor dependent on the velocity.
摘要:
A pressure modulator for anti-skid systems in vehicle brake systems, including a plunger/cylinder assembly actuatable merely by supplying electrical auxiliary energy and in the form of a linear actuator is incorporated into a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure line between a master brake cylinder and at least one associated wheel brake cylinder in such a way that upon the onset of ABS functions a pump plunger is displaced by a linear motor action in such a way that fluid pressure arriving from the master brake cylinder is counteracted while the wheel brake cylinder pressure is simultaneously relieved. By appropriate design including a double check valve, ASR functions (anti-slip regulation) are also attainable, for which the pressure modulator can be mounted directly in an appropriately shaped housing recess of a brake caliper such as that of a disk brake.
摘要:
The goal of this concept is to adjust a wheel slip value, during a controlled braking of a vehicle wheel, at which, on the one hand, the coefficient of adhesion .mu. in the longitudinal direction is near the maximum attainable value, and on the other hand, an adequate coefficient of adhesion is available in the transverse direction. This slip value is below the value at which the coefficient of adhesion in the longitudinal direction is at a maximum. While at the maximum coefficient of adhesion in the longitudinal direction the wheel slip curve .mu. (.lambda.) has a slope of zero, .mu. (.lambda.) assumes positive slopes at the slip value to be adjusted. In addition to the advantage of greater cornering forces, the concept presented offers the opportunity of purposefully limiting the yawning moments engaging the vehicle during controlled braking and thereby improving control of the vehicle.