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公开(公告)号：US4183918A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：US877340
申请日：1978-02-13
申请人： William J. Asher , Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： William J. Asher , Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
CPC分类号： A61M1/3687 , A61K9/107
摘要： This invention relates to the use of liquid membrane technology in preparing medicinals. The medicinals prepared by this invention may be ingested and may be utilized as traps for toxins present in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, or as slow-release compositions of drugs, or as reactors. In the trap embodiment, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinal is an emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is immiscible with the liquids present in the GI tract and permeable to the toxins therein, and an interior phase which is immiscible with the exterior phase and comprises a reagent capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form. In addition, hydrophilic adsorbents, such as a hydrophilic carbon or a silica gel, may be encapsulated in the emulsions of the instant invention. When the compositions of the instant invention are utilized as slow-release drugs, the interior phase of the emulsion will comprise a drug which is slightly soluble in the exterior phase of the emulsion whereby said drug permeates through said exterior phase of the emulsion over a period of time into the GI tract. The third method for utilizing the compositions of the instant invention comprises encapsulating a catalyst for a reaction which is desired to be carried out in the GI tract. In this embodiment the reactants present in the GI tract permeate through the exterior phase of the emulsion into an interior phase wherein said catalyst, for example, an enzyme, converts the permeated reactants to reaction products. The reaction products then may permeate through the exterior phase back into the GI tract. In all cases, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinals may be administered by either oral ingestion or injection anywhere else into the GI tract.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及液膜技术在制备药物中的应用。 可以摄取由本发明制备的药物，并且可以用作GI（胃肠）道中存在的毒素或作为药物的缓释组合物或作为反应器的毒素的捕集器。 在陷阱实施方案中，液体膜包封的药物是包含与GI道中存在的液体不混溶并且可渗透其中的毒素的外部相的乳液，以及与外部相不混溶的内部相，并且包含试剂 能够将所述毒素转化成不可渗透的形式。 此外，亲水性吸附剂如亲水性碳或硅胶可以包封在本发明的乳液中。 当本发明的组合物用作缓释药物时，乳剂的内相将包含一种药物，该药物在乳液的外部相中微溶，由此所述药物在一段时间内渗透所述乳液的外部相 的时间进入胃肠道。 利用本发明组合物的第三种方法包括将希望在GI道中进行的反应的催化剂包封。 在该实施方案中，存在于胃肠道中的反应物渗透通过乳液的外相进入内部相，其中所述催化剂，例如酶将渗透的反应物转化成反应产物。 然后，反应产物可以透过外部相回到胃肠道。 在所有情况下，液体膜包封的药物可以通过口服摄入或其它任何地方注射到胃肠道中来施用。
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公开(公告)号：USRE30179E
公开(公告)日：1979-12-25
申请号：US951078
申请日：1978-10-13
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
摘要： The instant invention relates to an improvement in the liquid membrane process for removing soluble materials from solution. More specifically, in a process wherein soluble materials are removed from solution by contacting said solution with an emulsion, the external phase of which is immiscible with said solution and permeable to said soluble materials and the internal phase contains a reactant which reacts with said soluble material and converts said soluble material to a material which is insoluble and thus trapped in the internal phase, the improvement which comprises maintaining the concentration of said reactant in the internal phase of the emulsion at a level at which the concentration of said soluble material in the internal phase of the emulsion is less than the concentration to which it is desirable to lower said soluble material in said solution. Preferably the solution is aqueous and said soluble material is a salt. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the concentration of fluoride ion in an aqueous solution is lowered to less than 6 ppm by contacting said solution with an emulsion containing a soluble calcium salt in the internal phase. The concentration of calcium in said internal phase is maintained at a level sufficient to provide a concentration of less than 6 ppm soluble fluoride ion in said internal phase.
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公开(公告)号：US4098736A
公开(公告)日：1978-07-04
申请号：US271398
申请日：1972-07-13
申请人： Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
CPC分类号： C08J3/241 , Y10T428/2984
摘要： A process for preparing reactive products which comprise two or more relative components is described. Said process comprises emulsifying at least one reactant in a first liquid which is substantially impermeable to all of the reactants, forming droplets of said emulsion, and suspending said droplets in a second liquid which is immiscible with said first liquid and which forms an immiscible continuous liquid phase, which comprises the remaining reactants. Preferably, the emulsion and the continuous liquid phase density are adjusted to be substantially equal so that a nonsettling product is obtained. In a most preferred embodiment, the reactive product comprises a two-component adhesive system, i.e., an epoxy resin and an amine hardener, said epoxy resin and amine hardener are maintained separate from each other by the exterior phase of an emulsion, the interior phase comprising the hardener, and the continuous phase, wherein said emulsion is suspended, comprising the epoxy resin. The adhesive product is applied to the objects, which are joined, by processes known in the art, i.e., spraying, dipcoating, etc., and the emulsion broken by heat and/or pressure, whereby the epoxy and the hardener mixes and forms a reaction product consisting of a copolymer of the epoxy resin and the amine hardener.
摘要翻译： 描述了制备包含两个或多个相关组分的反应产物的方法。 所述方法包括在第一液体中乳化至少一种反应物，其基本上不渗透所有反应物，形成所述乳液的液滴，并将所述液滴悬浮在与所述第一液体不混溶的第二液体中并形成不混溶的连续液体 其包含剩余的反应物。 优选地，乳液和连续液相密度被调节为基本相等，从而获得非沉降产物。 在最优选的实施方案中，反应产物包括双组分粘合剂体系，即环氧树脂和胺硬化剂，所述环氧树脂和胺硬化剂通过乳液的外相保持彼此分离，内相 包括硬化剂和连续相，其中所述乳液悬浮，包含环氧树脂。 将粘合剂产品通过本领域已知的方法（即喷涂，浸涂等）和由热和/或压力破坏的乳液施加到连接的物体上，由此环氧树脂和硬化剂混合并形成 反应产物由环氧树脂和胺固化剂的共聚物组成。
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公开(公告)号：US4292181A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-29
申请号：US161602
申请日：1980-06-20
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
CPC分类号： B01D61/40 , Y10S210/912 , Y10S210/913 , Y10S210/914
摘要： In a liquid membrane process for removing ions from solution which comprises contacting a feed solution containing a first ion with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an external phase which is immiscible with said solution and contains a complexing agent, said complexing agent being capable of forming a first complex with said first ion, which is soluble in said external phase, and an internal phase, the improvement which comprises providing a second ion, in the internal phase, of the emulsion, said second ion being capable of converting said first complex to a second complex by replacing said first ion in said first complex, said second complex being also soluble in said external phase, whereby the first ion diffuses from said solution into said internal phase, and said second ion diffuses from said internal phase into said solution. More particularly, the instant invention comprises maintaining the concentration of the second ion, in the feed solution, at a sufficiently low level to allow formation of the first complex at the interface of the external phase of the emulsion and the solution, and maintaining the concentration of the second ion, in the internal phase of the emulsion at a concentration, sufficiently high, to convert said first complex into a second complex. Preferably, the first ion is a metal ion--for example, copper, or a complex ion, such as H.sub.g Cl.sub.4 =comprising a metal constituent and said second ion is either hydrogen or hydroxyl ion.
摘要翻译： 在用于从溶液中除去离子的液膜过程中，其包括将含有第一离子的进料溶液与乳液接触，所述乳液包含与所述溶液不混溶并含有络合剂的外相，所述络合剂能够形成 具有可溶于所述外相的所述第一离子的第一配合物和内相，所述改进包括在乳液的内相中提供第二离子，所述第二离子能够将所述第一配合物转化为 通过将所述第一配合物中的所述第一离子替代，所述第二配合物也可溶于所述外相，由此所述第一离子从所述溶液扩散到所述内相中，所述第二离子从所述内相扩散到所述溶液中。 更具体地，本发明包括将进料溶液中的第二离子的浓度保持在足够低的水平，以允许在乳液的外相和溶液的界面处形成第一配合物，并保持浓度 的第二离子在浓度为足够高的乳液的内相中将所述第一配合物转化为第二配合物。 优选地，第一离子是金属离子，例如铜，或复合离子，例如HgCl 4 =包含金属成分，所述第二离子是氢或羟基离子。
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公开(公告)号：US4360448A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-23
申请号：US404716
申请日：1973-10-09
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the removal of dissolved species from aqueous solutions, which comprises contacting said aqueous solution with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is characterized as being immiscible with said aqueous solution and yet permeable to said dissolved species, and an interior phase which contains a reactant capable of converting said dissolved species to a nonpermeable form. The dissolved species permeate the exterior phase, into the interior phase where they are converted into nonpermeable forms and thus retained in the interior phase of said emulsion. The aqueous solution, depleted in said dissolved species, is separated from said emulsion and the emulsion cycled for reuse. In one preferred embodiment said dissolved species are ions, and an ion exchange compound is incorporated in the exterior phase of the emulsion, to promote the permeation of said ions through the exterior phase.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从水溶液中除去溶解物质的方法，该方法包括使所述水溶液与乳液接触，所述乳液包含外相，其特征在于与所述水溶液不混溶，并且对所述溶解物质是可渗透的， 以及含有能够将所述溶解物质转化成不渗透形式的反应物的内部相。 溶解的物质渗透到外部相中，进入内部相，在那里它们被转化为不透水的形式，因此保留在所述乳液的内部相中。 将所述溶解物质耗尽的水溶液与所述乳液分离，并将乳液循环使用。 在一个优选的实施方案中，所述溶解的物质是离子，并且离子交换化合物被引入到乳液的外部相中，以促进所述离子通过外部相的渗透。
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公开(公告)号：USRE30125E
公开(公告)日：1979-10-23
申请号：US951352
申请日：1978-10-13
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the removal of dissolved species from aqueous solutions, which comprises contacting said aqueous solution with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is characterized as being immiscible with said aqueous solution and yet permeable to said dissolved species, and an interior phase which contains a reactant capable of converting said dissolved species to a non-permeable form. The dissolved species permeate the exterior phase, into the interior phase where they are converted into nonpermeable forms and thus retained in the interior phase of said emulsion. The aqueous solution, depleted in said dissolved species, is separated from said emulsion and the emulsion cycled for reuse. In one preferred embodiment said dissolved species are ions, and an ion exchange compound is incorporated in the exterior phase of the emulsion, to promote the permeation of said ions through the exterior phase.
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公开(公告)号：US4415426A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-15
申请号：US286875
申请日：1981-07-27
申请人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
发明人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
CPC分类号： C10G33/02 , B01D17/06 , B03C11/00 , B03C2201/02
摘要： Improved electrodes for electrically coalescing water-in-oil emulsions in an AC electrical field, wherein the improvement comprises insulated electrodes having a dielectric constant of at least about 3 and a hydrophobic surface in contact with the emulsion. This invention results in faster coalescense of emulsions than can be obtained with insulated electrodes having a lower dielectric constant even if the surface of the electrode at the electrode-emulsion interface is hydrophobic. Formation of spongy emulsion and decomposition of the oil phase under the high voltages required for rapid coalescense is minimized and even eliminated.
摘要翻译： 改进的用于在AC电场中电聚合油包水乳液的电极，其中改进包括介电常数为至少约3的绝缘电极和与乳液接触的疏水表面。 即使电极 - 乳剂界面处的电极表面是疏水性的，本发明可以得到比具有较低介电常数的绝缘电极可获得的乳液更快的聚集度。 在快速聚结所需的高电压下，形成海绵状乳液和油相分解最小化甚至消除。
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公开(公告)号：US4155844A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-22
申请号：US845854
申请日：1977-10-27
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
摘要： The instant invention relates to a process for separating components from liquid mixtures which comprises emulsifying said liquid mixture in an immiscible liquid which is characterized as a solvent for the components. The emulsion is then contacted with an inert gas whereby the components of the mixture which, because of their solubility, permeate into said immiscible liquid, and are stripped therefrom by the inert gas. The components may then be separated from said inert gas stream by condensation and subsequent phase separation or fractionation, by absorption, distillation or by adsorption. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon which is emulsified in an aqueous surfactant containing liquid. The hydrocarbon mixture contains hydrocarbons of different types, as well as hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated compounds, i.e. alcohols, ketones, acids, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment the hydrocarbon mixture contains toluene and heptane. In this embodiment the toluene preferentially permeates into said aqueous surfactant containing liquid and is removed therefrom by a stream of stripping steam.
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公开(公告)号：US3959173A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-25
申请号：US492616
申请日：1974-07-29
摘要： The instant invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations, i.e., emulsions, which comprise an aqueous interior phase and a water-immiscible exterior phase; said water-immiscible exterior phase comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a solvent for this polymer. These compositions may additionally contain a water insoluble surfactant to stabilize the emulsions. In the most preferred embodiment, the aqueous interior phase comprises a strong acid, for example from about 1 to 10 percent by weight sulfuric acid. These emulsions are useful in liquid membrane processes for the separation of dissolved components from aqueous solution. Emulsions of the instant invention are characterized as showing very low swelling when contacted with aqueous solutions, especially at higher temperatures and thus are especially effective for use in the treatment of sour water feed streams by the liquid membrane technique.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新型液膜制剂，即乳液，其包含水性内相和水不混溶的外部相; 所述与水不混溶的外部相包含乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和用于该聚合物的溶剂。 这些组合物可另外含有水不溶性表面活性剂以稳定乳液。 在最优选的实施方案中，水性内相包含强酸，例如约1至10重量％的硫酸。 这些乳液可用于从水溶液中分离溶解组分的液膜方法。 本发明的乳液的特征在于当与水溶液接触时显示非常低的溶胀度，特别是在较高温度下，因此特别有效地用于通过液膜技术处理酸性水进料流。
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公开(公告)号：US06162358A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-19
申请号：US92768
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： Norman N. Li , Mark A. Kuehne , Robert J. Petersen
发明人： Norman N. Li , Mark A. Kuehne , Robert J. Petersen
CPC分类号： B01D71/56 , B01D69/125
摘要： Reverse osmosis membranes with improved water flux and excellent solute rejection characteristics are formed by interfacial reaction of an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having an average of at least two amine functional groups with an essentially monomeric amine-reactive reactant having an average of at least 2.05 acyl halide functional groups, the polymerization reaction being conducted in the presence of a monohydric phenol on the surface of a porous substrate. A specific example is a high flux composite membrane prepared by coating a porous substrate with an aqueous solution containing about 0.1-20 wt % m-phenylenediamine and 0.1-9.9 wt % phenol, and interfacially contacting the coated substrate with a nonaqueous solution of about 0.01-10 wt % trimesoyl chloride for a time sufficient to form a polyamide coating, followed optionally by one or more washing and drying steps to remove the nonaqueous solvent and most or all of residual unreacted chemicals.
摘要翻译： 具有改善的水通量和优异的溶质排斥特性的反渗透膜通过具有平均至少两个胺官能团的基本上单体的多胺反应物与基本上单体的胺反应性反应物与平均至少2.05酰卤的界面反应形成 官能团，聚合反应在多孔基材表面的一元酚存在下进行。 一个具体实例是通过用含有约0.1-20重量％间苯二胺和0.1-9.9重量％苯酚的水溶液涂覆多孔基材制备的高通量复合膜，并将涂覆的基材与约0.01的非水溶液接触 -10重量％均苯三酰氯，持续足以形成聚酰胺涂层的时间，随后任选地通过一个或多个洗涤和干燥步骤去除非水溶剂和大部分或全部残留未反应的化学品。
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