摘要:
Large area random and mosaic arrays of identical submicron microcolumnar structures can be produced on surfaces by directionally ion etching a monolayer film of spherical colloidal particles.
摘要:
The present invention is a method to increase the sensitivity of a positive polymer resist by control of molecular weight distribution and prebake temperature. The sensitivity of a polymer positive resist is increased by baking a narrow molecular weight fraction resist below the glass transition temperature. More particularly the sensitivity is increased by the use of low average molecular weight resist of narrow molecular weight distribution.
摘要:
The present invention is a method to increase the contrast of a positive polymer resist by control of molecular weight distribution and prebake temperature. The contrast of a positive polymer resist is increased by baking a narrow molecular weight fraction resist above the glass transition temperature. More particularly the contrast is increased by the use of low average molecular weight resist of narrow molecular weight distribution.
摘要:
The present invention is an improved replication process which copies a master pattern onto an intermediate transfer mask which is then used to form a lithographic mask on the surface of a substrate. A pattern derived from the original master pattern is then produced in the substrate by an etching process.
摘要:
A method is described which details the preparation of large area close packed monolayers of colloidal particles from random distributions of colloidal particles by compressing the random network.
摘要:
Methods of determining a spatial distribution of an injected tracer material within a subterranean formation are disclosed, including flowing the tracer material, which includes a tracer electrical capacitance that differs from a formation electrical capacitance of a region of the subterranean formation, into the region of the subterranean formation via a wellbore. Subsequent to the flowing, the methods also include providing an input electromagnetic signal to the region of the subterranean formation. Responsive to the providing, the methods further include receiving an output electromagnetic signal from the subterranean formation. The methods further include determining the spatial distribution of the tracer material within the subterranean formation based, at least in part, on the output electromagnetic signal.
摘要:
Systems and methods for an oxy-fuel type combustion reaction are provided. In one or more embodiments, a combustion system can include at least two mixing zones, where a first mixing zone at least partially mixes oxygen and carbon dioxide to produce a first mixture and a second mixing zone at least partially mixes the first mixture with a fuel to produce a second mixture. The combustion system can also include a combustion zone configured to combust the second mixture to produce a combustion product. In one or more embodiments, the first mixture can have a spatially varied ratio of oxygen-to-carbon dioxide configured to generate a hot zone in the combustion zone to increase flame stability in the combustion zone.
摘要:
A gas separation process uses a structured particulate bed of adsorbent coated shapes/particles laid down in the bed in an ordered manner to simulate a monolith by providing longitudinally extensive gas passages by which the gas mixture to be separated can access the adsorbent material along the length of the particles. The particles can be laid down either directly in the bed or in locally structured packages/bundles which themselves are similarly oriented such that the bed particles behave similarly to a monolith but without at least some disadvantages. The adsorbent particles can be formed with a solid, non-porous core with the adsorbent formed as a thin, adherent coating on the exposed exterior surface. Particles may be formed as cylinders/hollow shapes to provide ready access to the adsorbent. The separation may be operated as a kinetic or equilibrium controlled process.
摘要:
A gas processing facility for the liquefaction of a natural gas feed stream is provided. The facility comprises a gas separation unit having at least one fractionation vessel. The gas separation unit employs adsorbent beds for adsorptive kinetic separation. The adsorbent beds release a methane-rich gas feed stream. The facility also includes a high-pressure expander cycle refrigeration system. The refrigeration system compresses the methane-rich gas feed stream to a pressure greater than about 1,000 psia. The refrigeration system also chills the methane-rich gas feed stream in one or more coolers, and then expands the chilled gas feed stream to form a liquefied product stream. Processes for liquefying a natural gas feed stream using AKS and a high-pressure expander cycle refrigeration system are also provided herein. Such processes allow for the formation of LNG using a facility having less weight than conventional facilities.
摘要:
A pressure-temperature swing adsorption process for the removal of a target species, such as an acid gas, from a gas mixture, such as a natural gas stream. Herein, a novel multi-step temperature swing/pressure swing adsorption is utilized to operate while maintaining very high purity levels of contaminant removal from a product stream. The present process is particularly effective and beneficial in removing contaminants such as CO2 and/or H2S from a natural gas at high adsorption pressures (e.g., at least 500 psig) to create product streams of very high purity (i.e., very low contaminant levels).