摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for forming single crystal silicon ingots or wafers that contain an axially symmetric region in which vacancies are the predominant intrinsic point defect, that are substantially free of oxidation induced stacking faults, and are nitrogen doped to stabilize oxygen precipitation nuclei therein.
摘要:
A single crystal silicon, ingot or wafer form, which contains an axially symmetric region in which vacancies are the predominant intrinsic point defect, is substantially free of oxidation induced stacking faults and is nitrogen doped to stabilize oxygen precipitation nuclei therein, and a process for the preparation thereof.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for forming single crystal silicon ingots or wafers that contain an axially symmetric region in which vacancies are the predominant intrinsic point defect, that are substantially free of oxidation induced stacking faults, and are nitrogen doped to stabilize oxygen precipitation nuclei therein.
摘要:
A method of preventing brittle fracture of a pipe structure constructed by welding welded or continuous welded steel pipes, which comprise subjecting a certain length of the seamed portion adjacent to the butt welded portion of the steel pipe to an arc treatment.
摘要:
A process for preparing a single crystal silicon in accordance with the Czochralski method, is provided. More specifically, by quickly reducing the pull rate at least once during the growth of the neck portion of the single crystal ingot, in order to change the melt/solid interface shape from a concave to a convex shape, the present process enables zero dislocation growth to be achieved in a large diameter neck within a comparably short neck length, such that large diameter ingots of substantial weight can be produced safely and at a high throughput.
摘要:
An apparatus for monitoring and controlling a welding phenomenon in an electric resistance welding process, which comprises a welding characteristics measuring instrument for carrying out digital measurement of at least one of high frequency welding characteristics, a welding phenomenon monitor circuit for detecting variations in the welding characteristics, and a welding phenomenon controller circuit for automatically adjusting a parameter of a welding power source or other welding conditions, wherein the welding characteristics include an oscillating frequency and an oscillating period of a high frequency used for the welding, and a phase difference between a high frequency voltage and a current. Changes in the welding characteristics occur in correspondence with the occurrence of periodic fluctuations in the shape of the high frequency welding current circuit formed in the material to be welded during high frequency electric resistance welding process.
摘要:
A steel composition particularly suitable for the manufacture of electric resistance welded pipes for use in most hostile environments and able to display excellent sour resistance and high toughness. The aluminum content of the steel composition is reduced to not more than 0.005%, while from 0.006 to 0.2% in total of one or both of titanium and zirconium is used instead for steel containing 0.0005 to 0.008% Ca. The steel, apart from iron and unavoidable impurities further contains:0.01 to 0.35% C0.02 to 0.5% Si0.1 to 1.8% Mnnot more than 0.015% P, andnot more than 0.003% SCu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Nb and V may be added in appropriate amounts to enhance the steel performance.
摘要:
A highly tough, ERW steel pipe having a distinguished sour resistance is disclosed. The steel pipe is prepared from steel for production of ERW steel pipe containing 0.01 to 0.35% by weight of C; 0.02 to 0.5% by weight of Si; 0.1 to 1.8% by weight of Mn; more than 0.005% to 0.05% by weight of Al; 0.0005 to 0.008% by weight of Ca; 0.001 to 0.015% by weight of Zr; not more than 0.015% by weight of P; and not more than 0.003% by weight of S; a ratio of Zr/Al or (Ti+Zr)/Al being less than 2 by weight; or further containing (A) at least one of 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of Cu, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of Ni and 0.2 to 3.0% by weight of Cr, and/or (B) at least one of 0.10 to 1.0% by weight of Mo, 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of Nb, 0.005 to 0.10% by weight of Ti and 0.01 to 0.15% by weight of V; the balance being Fe and impurities as a steel material; and the steel pipe has a welding part in which the content of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 contained in inclusions at welding heat affected zone is not more than 50% by weight.
摘要:
A tube is wound into a coil, and the resulting coil of tube is vibrated so that a given point of the tube reciprocates along a helical path. An optical fiber is fed into the coil of tube that is being thus vibrated. Because of the vibration, the inner wall of the tube exerts such a force as to move the optical fiber diagonally upward and forward. This force causes the optical fiber to jump in the tube diagonally upward and forward and slide forward along the inner wall of the tube. The intermittent conveying force exerted by the inner wall of the tube in the direction of the circumference of the coil causes the optical fiber in the tube to travel forward, thereby pulling in additional length of the optical fiber from outside the tube.
摘要:
In the manufacture of spiral-welded steel pipe, material strip or plate is fed in its longitudinal direction and continuously formed into spiral pipe form. One side-edge of the strip and the other side-edge of the strip that has already been spirally formed are welded together by the electric-resistance method where they meet. The edges of the strip and formed pipe are held together simultaneously with or immediately after the electric-resistance welding from both inside and outside the pipe using a pair of pressure rolls. The bead formed as a result of the electric-resistance welding is reformed simultaneously with or immediately after the holding by the pressure rolls is accomplished. Then, the electric-resistance welded side-ends are welded again by the arc method.