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公开(公告)号：US5766956A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US862929
申请日：1997-05-27
CPC分类号： G01N21/7746 , G01N2021/391 , G01N2201/0612
摘要： A-compact, diode laser-based sensor has applications in biological and chemical analysis. Unlike existing optical waveguide-based sensors, no external coupling to external optical fibers or waveguides is required to perform optical chemical, immunological or nucleic acid-based assay or to detect the presence of toxic or otherwise important chemicals. The sensor includes a surface-sensitive diode laser having a substrate layer, an n-contact layer positioned on a bottom surface of the substrate, an n-clad layer overlying the top surface of the substrate, a first guide layer overlying the n-clad layer, a quantum well layer overlying the first guide layer, a second guide layer overlying the first quantum well layer, a p-clad layer overlying the second guided layer and a p-doped cap layer overlying the p-clad layer. A pair of electrodes separated by a surface-sensitive region is positioned on the cap layer. The surface active region includes an oxide layer grown on the thick cap layer and an absorbing or non-absorbing film deposited on the oxide layer. For internal reflection, inorganic material coatings are applied to end facets or Bragg reflectors are etched in the cap layer. Detectors are positioned proximate the diode laser for detecting changes in film thickness or refractive index, absorption or other optical properties resulting from film deposition, surface reactions such as immunological or ion-exchange reactions, or other detectable processes.
摘要翻译： A型紧凑型二极管激光传感器在生物和化学分析中有应用。 与现有的基于光波导的传感器不同，不需要外部耦合到外部光纤或波导进行光学化学，免疫学或基于核酸的测定或检测有毒或其他重要化学物质的存在。 该传感器包括具有衬底层，位于衬底底表面上的n接触层，覆盖在衬底顶表面上的n覆盖层的表面敏感二极管激光器，覆盖n覆层的第一引导层 层，覆盖第一引导层的量子阱层，覆盖第一量子阱层的第二引导层，覆盖第二引导层的p覆盖层和覆盖p覆盖层的p掺杂覆盖层。 由表面敏感区域隔开的一对电极位于盖层上。 表面活性区域包括在厚盖层上生长的氧化物层和沉积在氧化物层上的吸收或非吸收膜。 对于内反射，将无机材料涂层施加到端面，或者在盖层中蚀刻布拉格反射器。 检测器位于二极管激光器附近，用于检测由膜沉积，表面反应如免疫或离子交换反应或其它可检测过程引起的膜厚度或折射率，吸收或其他光学性能的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US5757013A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-26
申请号：US568382
申请日：1995-12-06
CPC分类号： G01N21/6408
摘要： An apparatus and its accompanying method measures fluorescence decay, fluorescence amplitude and fluorescence polarization. The instrument includes a light emitting diode or laser diode light source, an amplified photodiode detector, and electronics and software for calculating the phase of the fluorescence from the computed inner product of the scattering and fluorescence signals. The electronics for measuring fluorescence decay includes two signal synthesizers, two downconverters, a simultaneously sampling analog-to-digital converter and means for calculating the inner product of the downconverted waveforms. A signal source, preferably a direct digital synthesizer, is used in combination with a digital-to-analog converter to provide a controllable output signal. That signal drives a modulatable light source, which is a light emitting diode, a laser diode or a combination of the two. Excitation light from the light source excites the sample fluorophore which is immobilized in a solid material. Fluorescence is detected using an amplified photodiode. The received signal is downconverted using a pair of mixers. The downconverted signals are digitized and stored. Preferably, the signals are digitized using a two-channel synchronous analog-to-digital converter controlled by a digital signal processor. Data from each channel are multiplied and summed to provide the inner product.
摘要翻译： 一种仪器及其附带的方法测量荧光衰减，荧光振幅和荧光偏振。 该仪器包括发光二极管或激光二极管光源，放大光电二极管检测器，以及用于从计算的散射和荧光信号内积计算荧光相位的电子和软件。 用于测量荧光衰减的电子器件包括两个信号合成器，两个下变频器，同时采样模数转换器和用于计算下变换波形内积的装置。 信号源（优选直接数字合成器）与数模转换器组合使用以提供可控输出信号。 该信号驱动可调光源，其是发光二极管，激光二极管或两者的组合。 来自光源的激发光激发固定在固体材料中的样品荧光团。 使用放大的光电二极管检测荧光。 接收的信号使用一对混频器进行下变频。 下变频信号被数字化并存储。 优选地，使用由数字信号处理器控制的双通道同步模数转换器将信号数字化。 来自每个通道的数据相乘并相加以提供内部产品。
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3.发明授权Fluorescent probes based on the affinity of a polymer matrix for an analyte of interest 失效基于聚合物基质对感兴趣分析物的亲和力的荧光探针公开(公告)号：US06521185B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US08553773
申请日：1995-10-23
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss , James M. Sloan , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss , James M. Sloan , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： G01N2164
CPC分类号： G01N21/6428 , G01N21/648 , G01N2021/6439 , G01N2021/6482
摘要： A highly-sensitive, rapid response fluorescent probe is based on the affinity of a polymer matrix for an analyte of interest. The probe includes a polymer matrix and a dye immobilized in the matrix. The polymer matrix has an affinity for an analyte of interest and the dye has little or no sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by an excitation source in a free state but has significant sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by the excitation source when immobilized in the matrix. Sensors incorporating the polymer/fluorophore probes of the present invention have the sensitivity and rapid response needed for detection of chemical agent and biological materials. Sensors using the probes provide sensitivity to Sarin at several hundred parts per trillion in one second or less. That is a notable advance over state-of-the-art detectors that require preconcentration steps, which in turn restrict response times to one minute or more. A wide-range of near-infrared excitable fluorophores are used as sensitive probes for analytes not detectable when the fluorophores are outside the polymer matrix. The present sensors provide early warning of the presence of toxic chemicals, provides for on-line analysis of trace materials in chemical and biological processing operations and biomedical processing operations, and provides for effective biomedical and environmental monitoring.
摘要翻译： 高灵敏度，快速响应的荧光探针是基于聚合物基质对感兴趣的分析物的亲和力。 探针包括聚合物基质和固定在基质中的染料。 聚合物基质对感兴趣的分析物具有亲和力，并且当激发源在自由状态下激发时，染料对感兴趣的分析物几乎没有或没有敏感性，但当被激发源激发时对染料分析物具有显着的敏感性， 固定在基质中。 结合本发明的聚合物/荧光团探针的传感器具有检测化学试剂和生物材料所需的灵敏度和快速反应。 使用探针的传感器可以在一秒或更短的时间内以每万亿次几百份的比例提供对Sarin的敏感性。 这是一个显着的进步，超过最先进的检测器，需要预浓缩步骤，从而将响应时间限制在一分钟以上。 当荧光团在聚合物基质外部时，广泛的近红外可激发荧光团被用作不可检测的分析物的敏感探针。 本传感器提供有毒化学物质的早期预警，提供化学和生物加工操作和生物医学加工操作中痕量物质的在线分析，并提供有效的生物医学和环境监测。
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公开(公告)号：US5973441A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US856681
申请日：1997-05-15
申请人： K. Peter Lo , Nicholas V. Nechitailo , Howard J. Moses , Lawrence H. Decker , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： K. Peter Lo , Nicholas V. Nechitailo , Howard J. Moses , Lawrence H. Decker , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
CPC分类号： H01L41/098
摘要： The vibration and electrical characterization of a piezoelectric tactor actuator is described. The actuator is a rectangular laminated flat plate with two opposite sides simply supported and two others free. Under an axial compression from the supports, the plate deforms into a stressed shallow shell. Electrical high frequency harmonic signals within relatively low-frequency bursts are applied to the piezoelectric layers. Depending on the axial compression and pre-deflection, frequency and magnitude of electrical input, the tunable actuator exhibits frequency/mode-controlled high-force over large area vibrations with intense displacement jumps. A single-degree-of-freedom model and simplified 1-D models are provided. The tactor provides efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical.
摘要翻译： 描述了压电反应器致动器的振动和电特性。 执行器是一个矩形层压平板，两个相对的侧面简单地支撑，另外两个是自由的。 在从支撑件的轴向压缩下，板变形成受应力的浅壳。 相对低频脉冲串中的电高频谐波信号被施加到压电层。 根据轴向压缩和预偏转，电气输入的频率和幅度，可调谐致动器在大面积振动下具有频率/模式控制的强力，具有强烈的位移跳跃。 提供单自由度模型和简化的1维模型。 电抗器提供有效的电能转换成机械。
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5.发明授权Optical chemical sensor based on multilayer self-assembled thin film sensors for aquaculture process control 失效基于用于水产养殖过程控制的多层自组装薄膜传感器的光学化学传感器
公开(公告)号：US06051437A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US71775
申请日：1998-05-04
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , B82Y15/00 , B82Y30/00 , G01N21/7703 , G01N21/78
摘要： Optical chemical probes have layers of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes and one or more dyes incorporated into these layers. The probes are placed into the medium and the dye or dyes react in the presence of the corresponding chemical. Color changes may be observed manually or by a photo detector. A light source may be employed to increase the optical signal received from the probe. Further, a waveguide may be used to trap multiple optical signals. The invention is used for chemical analysis.
摘要翻译： 光学化学探针具有阴离子和阳离子聚电解质层和结合到这些层中的一种或多种染料。 将探针置于培养基中，染料或染料在相应的化学物质存在下反应。 可以手动或通过光电检测器观察到颜色变化。 可以使用光源来增加从探针接收的光信号。 此外，波导可以用于捕获多个光信号。 本发明用于化学分析。
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6.发明授权Diode laser electrochemical sensor for detecting chemical and biological analytes 失效用于检测化学和生物分析物的二极管激光电化学传感器公开(公告)号：US06277651B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09111735
申请日：1998-07-09
IPC分类号： G01N33543
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： The present sensor allows the user of any diode laser structure to be employed to provide sensitive chemical and biological detector. A diode laser electrochemical sensor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,407 “Laser Diode Sensor”. The present invention surpasses the capabilities of those sensors by measuring changes in the output power, output spectral characteristics or output signal auto-correlation function to detect the presence of chemical or biological films within the sensitive region.
摘要翻译： 本传感器允许任何二极管激光器结构的用户提供敏感的化学和生物检测器。 美国专利中描述了二极管激光电化学传感器。 “5,511,407号”激光二极管传感器“。 本发明通过测量输出功率，输出光谱特性或输出信号自相关函数的变化来检测敏感区域内的化学或生物膜的存在，超过了这些传感器的能力。
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7.发明授权Loss compensation using digital-signal processing in fiber-optic fluorescence sensors 失效在光纤荧光传感器中使用数字信号处理的损耗补偿公开(公告)号：US06207961B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US08950746
申请日：1997-10-15
IPC分类号： G01N2164
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N21/6428 , G01N2021/6432 , G01N2021/7786
摘要： An optical fiber fluorescence sensor system capable of compensating fiber bending loss is provided. The system uses a modulated light-emitting diode and digital-signal processing chips to enhance the measurement of fluorescence signals. A fiber-optic oxygen sensor system suitable for measuring oxygen levels in gas and in aqueous media is provided. The system alleviates fiber bending loss. Detection of the signal-to-noise ratio of the system which exceeds 30 dB is done by using inexpensive components.
摘要翻译： 提供了能够补偿纤维弯曲损耗的光纤荧光传感器系统。 该系统使用调制发光二极管和数字信号处理芯片来增强荧光信号的测量。 提供了一种适用于测量气体和水介质中氧含量的光纤氧传感器系统。 该系统减轻了纤维弯曲损耗。 通过使用便宜的组件来检测超过30dB的系统的信噪比。
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8.发明授权Optical chemical sensor and method using same employing a multiplicity of fluorophores contained in the free volume of a polymeric optical waveguide or in pores of a ceramic waveguide 失效光学化学传感器和使用其的方法使用包含在聚合物光波导的自由体积中的多个荧光团或在陶瓷波导的孔中
公开(公告)号：US5577137A
公开(公告)日：1996-11-19
申请号：US392152
申请日：1995-02-22
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Peter Lo , Russell J. Churchill , Martin Weiss , Shufang Luo
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Peter Lo , Russell J. Churchill , Martin Weiss , Shufang Luo
CPC分类号： G02B6/132 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/648 , G01N21/7703 , G02B6/02 , G01N2021/7793 , G01N21/6408
摘要： A fluorescent sensor for chemical analysis has a light source, an optical waveguide, and a detector. Fluorophores are associated with the optical waveguide. When an impervious waveguide is used, a fluorophore-containing layer is applied to a surface of the waveguide. The fluorophores are excited by a laser, a light emitting diode, an electroluminescent source or a lamp source emitting light propagating at angles to the waveguide. The light source is modulated. A mirror can be used to direct the light beam. The angle of light incidence on the waveguide can be altered by moving the waveguide itself. The waveguide traps the laser-induced fluorescence and projects fluorescence signals through a suitable filter to a photodetector or otherwise wavelength-specific photodetector positioned near the waveguide structure. Remote operation of the sensor is achieved using optical fibers. Patterned waveguides allow multiple excitation sources to illuminate multiple fluorescent probe materials. The change in fluorescence from each fluorophore is sensed as a vector response which is evaluated using digital signal processing. The sensor uses steady state fluorescence and fluorescence decay information to determine identity and concentration of analytes of interest. The invention is used for chemical analysis of gases or of liquid materials.
摘要翻译： 用于化学分析的荧光传感器具有光源，光波导和检测器。 荧光团与光波导相关联。 当使用不透水波导时，将含荧光团的层施加到波导的表面。 荧光团由激光器，发光二极管，电致发光源或发射以波导角度传播的光的灯源激发。 光源被调制。 可以使用镜子来引导光束。 可以通过移动波导本身来改变波导上的光入射角度。 波导捕获激光诱导的荧光，并将荧光信号通过适当的滤光器投射到位于波导结构附近的光电检测器或其他波长特定的光电检测器。 使用光纤实现传感器的远程操作。 图案波导允许多个激发源照亮多个荧光探针材料。 感测来自每个荧光团的荧光的变化作为矢量响应，其使用数字信号处理进行评估。 传感器使用稳态荧光和荧光衰减信息来确定感兴趣的分析物的同一性和浓度。 本发明用于气体或液体材料的化学分析。
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9.发明授权Chemical sensor using eddy current or resonant electromagnetic circuit detection 失效化学传感器采用涡流或谐振电磁回路检测
公开(公告)号：US5514337A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US179679
申请日：1994-01-11
CPC分类号： G01N27/023
摘要： An instrument is applied to the measurement of chemical species and concentration through the use of a chemically-sensitive coating on the eddy current coil or in the vicinity of the eddy current coil which produces a change in impedance of the probe through induced eddy currents in the coating. An eddy current or resonance circuit chemical detector is a non-contact sensor for measuring chemical species identity and concentration. The chemical detector is resilient and does not require reference electrodes. The chemical sensor is selective as a result of data available on the change in vector impedance of the probe, the change in resonant frequency of the tuned circuit, and the availability of data to construct a vector response from multiple probes having differing chemistries. The probe is used in extreme temperatures.
摘要翻译： 通过在涡流线圈或涡流线圈附近使用化学敏感性涂层，将仪器应用于化学物质和浓度的测量，通过涡流线圈中的感应涡流产生探头的阻抗变化 涂层。 涡流或谐振电路化学检测器是用于测量化学物种识别和浓度的非接触传感器。 化学检测器是弹性的，不需要参考电极。 化学传感器是选择性的，因为数据可用于探头的矢量阻抗的变化，调谐电路的谐振频率的变化，以及构建具有不同化学成分的多个探针的向量响应的数据的可用性。 探头在极端温度下使用。
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公开(公告)号：US5583831A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-10
申请号：US299437
申请日：1994-09-01
CPC分类号： A61J7/0481 , A61J2200/30 , A61J2205/70 , A61J7/0076 , A61J7/0418
摘要： The present invention is a new electronic memory-assist device which can be used to remind an individual when it is time to take a prescribed medicine. The invention uses complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology in conjunction with surface-mounted device technology to provide a programmable portable unit. The device has three parts: a body-carried reminder, a local interactive compliance processor and a supervisory unit. The reminder has a portable power supply, microprocessors, software, memory, an alarm, an input key and communication linkage to the compliance processor. The compliance processor has a central processing unit, a pill case, a modem and, possibly, a recharger for the portable power supply. The supervisory unit is connected to the central processing unit remotely by modems. The device operates by providing data to the user through an alarm that it is time to take prescribed medication. The alarm is visual, auditory, tactile or any combination of the three. The alarm is initiated by software controlling microprocessors in the body-carried reminder and the pill case. The alarm is generated by comparison between the current time and times residing in the prescription database. The alarm continues until interrupted by either a request for more time prior to compliance or through reception of a message signifying that medication has been taken. All compliance data is stored in the central processing unit of the compliance processor.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种新的电子记忆辅助装置，其可以用于在何时服用规定的药物时提醒个体。 本发明使用互补金属氧化物半导体技术结合表面安装器件技术来提供可编程便携式单元。 该设备有三个部分：身体提示，本地交互式遵从处理器和监控单元。 该提醒具有便携式电源，微处理器，软件，存储器，报警器，输入键和与顺应性处理器的通信连接。 合规处理器具有中央处理单元，药盒，调制解调器和可能的便携式电源的充电器。 监控单元通过调制解调器远程连接到中央处理单元。 该设备通过向用户提供数据来进行操作，该警报是现在是服用处方药的时间。 警报是视觉，听觉，触觉或三者的任何组合。 警报由软件控制微处理器在身体提示和药盒中启动。 通过比较当前时间和驻留在处方数据库中的次数来生成警报。 警报继续，直到在遵守之前要求更多时间或通过接收到表示已采取药物的消息的中断。 所有符合性数据都存储在合规处理器的中央处理单元中。
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