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公开(公告)号：US06631794B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-14
申请号：US09550032
申请日：2000-04-14
申请人： Ira B. Goldberg , Benjamin R. Jones , Ted M. McKinney , Yngve Naerheim , Patricia H. Cunningham , Dale K. Bell
发明人： Ira B. Goldberg , Benjamin R. Jones , Ted M. McKinney , Yngve Naerheim , Patricia H. Cunningham , Dale K. Bell
IPC分类号： B60L700
CPC分类号： B60T13/748 , B60L7/18 , B60L11/005 , B60L2240/12 , B60T13/586 , H02K49/06 , Y02T10/641 , Y02T10/7022
摘要： A vehicle drive unit assembly includes an axle extending between a pair of wheels, a braking system for slowing and stopping the vehicle, and a retarding system located on the axle for assisting the braking system. The axle has a housing and an axle shaft that receives input from an engine and driveshaft to drive the wheels. The braking system includes a brake member supported on each of the wheels and an actuator for selectively moving the brake members between an unactuated position and an actuated position. The braking system produces a braking force to slow or stop the rotation of the wheels when the brake is in the actuated position. The retarding system includes a plurality of magnets supported for rotation with the axle shaft and an inductor held fixed to the axle housing. The retarding system produces a retarding force as the magnets rotate with respect to the inductor to slow the rotation of the wheels when the actuator moves the brake members to the actuated position. Thus, the retarding system assists the braking system to slow and stop the vehicle.
摘要翻译： 车辆驱动单元组件包括在一对车轮之间延伸的车轴，用于减速和停止车辆的制动系统，以及位于车轴上用于辅助制动系统的减速系统。 轴具有壳体和车轴，其接收来自发动机和驱动轴的驱动轮的输入。 制动系统包括支撑在每个车轮上的制动构件和用于在未致动位置和致动位置之间选择性地移动制动构件的致动器。 当制动器处于致动位置时，制动系统产生制动力以减慢或停止车轮的旋转。 延迟系统包括多个磁体，其被支撑为与车轴一起旋转，并且固定在轴壳体上的电感器。 当致动器将制动构件移动到致动位置时，当磁体相对于电感器旋转时，减速系统产生减速力，以减慢车轮的旋转。 因此，减速系统有助于制动系统减速并停止车辆。
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公开(公告)号：US5581010A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-03
申请号：US278741
申请日：1994-07-22
CPC分类号： G02F1/3619 , C07F5/04
摘要： A nonlinear optical material includes a noncentrosymmetric crystal of an anionic boron complex salt containing a cation and at least one organic ligand coordinated to a boron atom. The nonlinear optical crystal may consist of a compound having the formula A[BC.sub.2 ] where A is a monocation, B is boron, and C is the organic ligand, or a compound having the formula A[BC.sub.2 ].sub.2 where A is a dication, B is boron, and C is the organic ligand. The organic ligands may also be organic molecules having .alpha.-dihydroxy functionalities. Furthermore, the organic ligands may be selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-hydroxy carboxylic acids and 1,2-diols or from the group consisting of d-malic acid, d-lactic acid, d-tartaric acid, dimethyl-d-tartrate, diethyl-d-tartrate, l-malic acid, l-lactic acid, l-tartaric acid, dimethyl-l-tartrate, diethyl-l-tartrate, and ethylene glycol. The anionic boron complex may be selected from the group consisting of boro-di(l-malate), boro-di(l-tartrate), boro-di(l-lactate), boro-di(diethyl-l-tartrate), boro-di(methyl-1-tartrate), boro-di(d-tartrate), boro-di(d-lactate), boro-di(diethyl-d-tartrate), boro-di(dimethyl-d-tartrate) and boro-di(ethylene glycolate). The cation may be selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium ions, and Group 2B dications. The cation may be further selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, the ammonium NH.sub.4.sup.+ ion, the guanidinium C(NH.sub.2).sub.3.sup.+ ion, calcium, and zinc.
摘要翻译： 非线性光学材料包括含有阳离子和至少一个与硼原子配位的有机配体的阴离子硼配合盐的非中心对称晶体。 非线性光学晶体可以由具有式A [BC2]的化合物组成，其中A是单体化，B是硼，C是有机配体，或具有式A [BC2] 2的化合物，其中A是二价键， B是硼，C是有机配体。 有机配体也可以是具有α-二羟基官能团的有机分子。 此外，有机配体可以选自α-羟基羧酸和1,2-二醇，或者由D-苹果酸，d-乳酸，酒石酸，d-酒石酸二甲酯 ，酒石酸二乙酯，1-苹果酸，1-乳酸，1-酒石酸，l-酒石酸二甲酯，酒石酸二乙酯和乙二醇。 阴离子性硼络合物可以选自硼酸二（1-苹果酸酯），硼 - 二（1-酒石酸盐），硼 - 二（1-乳酸），硼 - 二（二乙基-1-酒石酸盐）， 硼酸二（d-酒石酸盐），硼二（d-酒石酸盐），硼二（d-乳酸盐），硼 - 二（二乙基-d酒石酸盐） 和硼二（乙醇酸乙二醇酯）。 阳离子可以选自碱金属，碱土金属，铵离子和2B族二次元。 阳离子可以进一步选自锂，钠，钾，NH 4 +离子，C（NH 2）3离子，钙和锌。
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公开(公告)号：US4933204A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US248223
申请日：1988-09-23
IPC分类号： C01G7/00 , C23C18/02 , H01L21/3205 , H01L21/48 , H05K3/10
CPC分类号： H01L21/4846 , C22B11/04 , H05K3/105
摘要： A gold(III) acetate is formed by dissolving gold(III) hydroxide in glacial acetic acid. This solution containing gold(III) acetate can be used to form a gold-containing film by heating it above about 60.degree. C. and then casting it to form a film. Gold can be deposited from the film by heating it to about 175.degree. C. to decompose the film. In this manner, a line or pattern of conductive gold can be formed by heating selected portions of the film with a laser.
摘要翻译： 通过将氢氧化金（III）溶解在冰醋酸中形成乙酸金（III）。 含有乙酸金（III）的溶液可用于通过在约60℃加热形成含金膜，然后将其浇铸以形成膜。 可以通过将膜加热至约175℃从而将膜沉积以分解膜。 以这种方式，可以通过用激光加热膜的选定部分来形成导电金的线或图案。
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公开(公告)号：US5721634A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-24
申请号：US729219
申请日：1996-10-09
CPC分类号： G02F1/3551
摘要： A family of cesium-germanium halide salts have utility as nonlinear optical crystals in applications including electro-optics and optical frequency conversion. These salts have the general formula CsGeCl.sub.x Br.sub.y I.sub.z, in which x, y, and z equal 0 through 3, inclusive, and where x+y+z=3. In contrast to well-known oxygen-containing materials, such as LiNbO.sub.3, these cesium-germanium halide salts exhibit optical nonlinearity with an extremely wide transparency range (without significant absorption) at wavelengths from about 0.4 .mu.m to greater than 25 .mu.m (covering the entire MWIR and LWIR regions). Based on Ge.sup.2+ ions, these halides have non-centrosymmetric perovskite structures. The halide ions form a strongly coordinating octahedral environment about the Ge.sup.2+ ions and resist migration in an electric field. The Ge2+ ions, however, are shifted slightly off center in the tetragonal phase, leading to a net electric dipole moment in each unit cell. The alignment of these dipole moments into ferroelectric domains can be controlled through applied electric fields. By aligning all dipole moments into a single ferroelectric domain, these cesium-germanium halides have utility for electro-optic and birefringently phase-matched frequency conversion devices. Alternately, periodic poling of the ferroelectric domains allows these materials to be used for quasi-phase-matched frequency conversion. Cesium-germanium halide salts, which can be isolated from aqueous solutions as salts of GeX.sub.3 .sup.- anions, are water-soluble, which facilitates large-aperture crystal growth.
摘要翻译： 一系列铯 - 卤化锗盐可用作非线性光学晶体，包括电光学和光学频率转换。 这些盐具有通式CsGeClxBryIz，其中x，y和z等于0至3，其中x + y + z = 3。 与众所周知的含氧材料如LiNbO 3相比，这些铯 - 卤化锗盐在波长从约0.4μm到大于25μm的范围内具有非常宽的透明度范围（无显着吸收）的光学非线性（覆盖 整个MWIR和LWIR地区）。 基于Ge 2+离子，这些卤化物具有非中心对称的钙钛矿结构。 卤离子形成关于Ge2 +离子的强配位八面体环境，并在电场中抵抗迁移。 然而，Ge2 +离子在四方相中稍微偏离中心，导致每个晶胞中的净电偶极矩。 可以通过施加的电场来控制这些偶极矩对铁电畴的对准。 通过将所有偶极矩对齐为单个铁电畴，这些铯 - 锗卤化物可用于电光和双折射相位匹配的变频器件。 或者，铁电畴的周期极化允许这些材料用于准相位匹配的频率转换。 可以作为GeX3-阴离子盐的水溶液分离的铯 - 卤化锗盐是水溶性的，这有助于大孔径晶体生长。
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公开(公告)号：US5393610A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-28
申请号：US14439
申请日：1993-02-05
CPC分类号： H01B1/20 , C09D5/24 , H01B1/127 , H05K9/0084 , Y10S428/922 , Y10T428/249969 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/2947 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/2962 , Y10T428/2964 , Y10T428/31612 , Y10T428/31627 , Y10T428/31663 , Y10T428/31942 , Y10T442/2459
摘要： A method for stabilizing shelf life conductivity of conductive coatings such as polypyrrole or nickel sulfide on a substrate such as fiberglass, by incorporating in such conductive coating a polyphenol or a polysiloxane. The polyphenol is derived from a phenolic material in the form of a phenol-formaldehyde monomer or an oligomer of phenol-formaldehyde, and the polysiloxane is derived from a siloxane. Upon heating, the phenolic material cures to a polyphenol and the siloxane is converted to a polysiloxane, forming the stabilizing material on the conductive polypyrrole or nickel sulfide coated substrate. The phenolic material is preferably incorporated directly into the solution formulation for preparing the conductive nickel sulfide or polypyrrole on the substrate, and the polyphenol stabilizer is formed together with the conductive coating on the substrate by heating. In the case of the silane or siloxane material, the conductive polypyrrole or nickel sulfide preferably is formed first on the substrate, and the conductive coated substrate is contacted with a solution of the siloxane followed by heating to convert the siloxane to a polysiloxane protective overcoating.
摘要翻译： 通过在这种导电涂层中引入多酚或聚硅氧烷，在诸如玻璃纤维的基材上稳定导电涂层如聚吡咯或硫化镍的保质期电导率的方法。 多酚衍生自苯酚 - 甲醛单体或苯酚 - 甲醛低聚物形式的酚类材料，聚硅氧烷衍生自硅氧烷。 加热后，酚醛树脂材料固化成多酚，硅氧烷转化成聚硅氧烷，在导电聚吡咯或硫化镍涂覆的基材上形成稳定材料。 优选将酚类材料直接并入用于在基材上制备导电性硫化镍或聚吡咯的溶液制剂中，并且多酚稳定剂与基板上的导电涂层一起通过加热形成。 在硅烷或硅氧烷材料的情况下，优选首先在基材上形成导电聚吡咯或硫化镍，并将导电涂覆的基材与硅氧烷的溶液接触，然后加热以将硅氧烷转化成聚硅氧烷保护性外涂层。
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公开(公告)号：US5198266A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-30
申请号：US693259
申请日：1991-04-29
CPC分类号： H01B1/20 , C09D5/24 , H01B1/127 , H05K9/0084 , Y10S428/922 , Y10T428/249969 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/2947 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/2962 , Y10T428/2964 , Y10T428/31612 , Y10T428/31627 , Y10T428/31663 , Y10T428/31942 , Y10T442/2459
摘要： A method for stabilizing shelf life conductivity of conductive coatings such as polypyrrole or nickel sulfide on a substrate such as fiberglass, by incorporating in such conductive coating a polyphenol or a polysiloxane. The polyphenol is derived from a phenolic material in the form of a phenol-formaldehyde monomer or an oligomer of phenolformaldehyde, and the polysiloxane is derived from a siloxane. Upon heating, the phenolic material cures to a polyphenol and the siloxane is converted to a polysiloxane, forming the stabilizing material on the conductive polypyrrole or nickel sulfide coated substrate. The phenolic material is preferably incorporated directly into the solution formulation for preparing the conductive nickel sulfide or polypyrrole on the substrate, and the polyphenol stabilizer is formed together with the conductive coating on the substrate by heating. In the case of the silane or siloxane material, the conductive polypyrrole or nickel sulfide preferably is formed first on the substrate, and the conductive coated substrate is contacted with a solution of the siloxane followed by heating to convert the siloxane to a polysiloxane protective overcoating.
摘要翻译： 通过在这种导电涂层中引入多酚或聚硅氧烷，在诸如玻璃纤维的基材上稳定导电涂层如聚吡咯或硫化镍的保质期电导率的方法。 多酚衍生自苯酚 - 甲醛单体或苯酚甲醛低聚物形式的酚类物质，聚硅氧烷衍生自硅氧烷。 加热后，酚醛树脂材料固化成多酚，硅氧烷转化成聚硅氧烷，在导电聚吡咯或硫化镍涂覆的基材上形成稳定材料。 优选将酚类材料直接并入用于在基材上制备导电性硫化镍或聚吡咯的溶液制剂中，并且多酚稳定剂与基板上的导电涂层一起通过加热形成。 在硅烷或硅氧烷材料的情况下，优选首先在基材上形成导电聚吡咯或硫化镍，并将导电涂覆的基材与硅氧烷的溶液接触，然后加热以将硅氧烷转化成聚硅氧烷保护性外涂层。
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公开(公告)号：US4942078A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-17
申请号：US252210
申请日：1988-09-30
IPC分类号： B64D15/12 , B32B5/28 , B32B7/02 , B32B27/04 , B32B27/28 , B32B27/38 , C08G61/12 , H01B1/12 , H01B1/14 , H01B1/20
CPC分类号： B64D15/12 , B32B27/04 , C08G61/124 , H01B1/127 , H01B1/14 , H01B1/20 , Y10T428/24777 , Y10T428/31504 , Y10T428/31518 , Y10T428/31525 , Y10T428/31623 , Y10T428/31909
摘要： An electrically conductive structural composite which can be heated by application of an electrical current. The structural composite includes a plurality of layers of structural fabric which have been treated and prepreged with a laminating resin and cured into a laminate structure. At least one of the layers of fabric is rendered conductive by being treated with conductive polymer produced by the steps of contacting an electrically insulating porous structural fabric with a liquid pyrrole; contacting the electrically insulating porous structural fabric with a solution of a strong oxidant capable of oxidizing pyrrole to a pyrrole polymer; and, oxidizing the pyrrole by the strong oxidant in the presence of a substantially non-nucleophilic anion and precipitating a conductive pyrrole polymer in the pores of the structural fabric. Electrical conducting means in electrical contact with the conductive layer are utilized for providing passage of electrical current for joule heating of the structural composite. The structural composite has been found to be particularly useful as an airplane surface which is capable of anti-icing and de-icing.
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公开(公告)号：US4814259A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-21
申请号：US118591
申请日：1987-11-09
IPC分类号： C04B41/45 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/81 , C04B41/85 , G03F7/004 , H01B1/10 , H01L21/3205 , H05K3/10 , B05D3/06
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B41/455 , C04B41/5014 , C04B41/81 , C04B41/85 , G03F7/0043 , H01B1/10 , H01L21/32051 , H05K3/105 , C04B2111/00844 , C04B2111/94 , H05K2203/107 , H05K2203/125 , Y10S430/146
摘要： A conductive or semiconductive pattern of a metal sulfide or selenide such as copper, cadmium, cobalt or nickel sulfide, is provided on a substrate. The pattern may have a resistivity in the range of 1 to 10.sup.6 ohms per square. It is formed by coating the surface with a solution containing a salt of one of the metals which is capable of being converted to a divalent metal compound, a sulfur group donor such as thiourea, and a solvent such as methanol or water. The solution is dried, and then selected portions of the coated surface are irradiated with a laser beam. This thermally converts the irradiated metal salt into a metal sulfide. The unreacted solution is then washed from the substrate to leave a conductive pattern. The desired conductivity of the pattern can be obtained by selecting the proper metal salt, concentration of salt in the solution, and the energy of the radiation.
摘要翻译： 金属硫化物或硒化物如铜，镉，钴或硫化镍的导电或半导体图案设置在基板上。 该图案可以具有1至106欧姆/平方的范围内的电阻率。 通过用含有能够转化成二价金属化合物的金属盐，硫脲等硫基供体以及甲醇，水等溶剂的盐的溶液涂布表面而形成。 将溶液干燥，然后用激光束照射涂覆表面的选定部分。 这将热辐射的金属盐转化为金属硫化物。 然后从底物洗涤未反应的溶液以留下导电图案。 可以通过选择适当的金属盐，溶液中的盐浓度和辐射能量来获得所需的电导率。
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