公开(公告)号：US07397891B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-08

申请号：US11210625

申请日：2005-08-24

申请人： James H. Johnson ,  Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： James H. Johnson ,  Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/083

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/04

摘要： Vehicles for use in radiation scanning systems to inspect objects are disclosed. In one embodiment, a vehicle has a supporting portion and a radiation source is movably supported by the supporting portion. The source may be moved along the supporting portion to scan an object. The supporting portion may comprise an expandable portion. The vehicle may comprise a truck and an expandable trailer releasably coupled to the truck. The trailer may comprise telescoping rails. In another embodiment, a vehicle with a supporting portion, which may be an expandable portion, movably supports a detector. Vehicles of the first and second embodiments may be driven to an inspection site, where they may be rapidly deployed on opposite sides of an object to be scanned.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于辐射扫描系统检查物体的车辆。 在一个实施例中，车辆具有支撑部分，并且辐射源由支撑部分可移动地支撑。 源可以沿着支撑部分移动以扫描物体。 支撑部分可以包括可扩张部分。 车辆可以包括卡车和可释放地联接到卡车的可膨胀拖车。 拖车可以包括伸缩轨道。 在另一个实施例中，具有支撑部分（其可以是可扩张部分）的车辆可移动地支撑检测器。 第一和第二实施例的车辆可​​以被驱动到检查位置，在那里它们可以快速部署在待扫描物体的相对侧上。

公开(公告)号：US06937692B2

公开(公告)日：2005-08-30

申请号：US10455864

申请日：2003-06-06

申请人： James H. Johnson ,  Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： James H. Johnson ,  Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/00 ,  G01N23/083

CPC分类号： G01V5/0016 ,  G01N23/04

摘要： Radiation scanning systems to inspect objects are disclosed comprising a first vehicle supporting a radiation source. A second vehicle supports a detector. The source and the detector may be moved to scan an object, such as a cargo conveyance, between the vehicles. The first and second vehicles may having an expandable length and the source and detector may be moved across the expandable length, to scan long objects. The radiation source may be adapted to emit a vertically diverging beam of radiation, such as a fan beam. The radiation may be X-ray radiation, for example. The vehicle may comprise a truck and an expandable trailer releasably coupled to the truck. The trailer may comprise telescoping rails. The first and second vehicles may be driven to an inspection site, where they may be rapidly deployed. Methods of inspecting objects are disclosed, as well.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于检查物体的辐射扫描系统，其包括支撑辐射源的第一车辆。 第二车辆支持检测器。 源和检测器可以被移动以在车辆之间扫描诸如货物运输工具之类的物体。 第一和第二车辆可以具有可扩展的长度，并且源和检测器可以在可扩展的长度上移动，以扫描长的物体。 辐射源可以适于发射垂直发散的辐射束，例如扇形光束。 辐射可以是例如X射线辐射。 车辆可以包括卡车和可释放地联接到卡车的可膨胀拖车。 拖车可以包括伸缩轨道。 第一和第二车辆可以被驱动到检查现场，在那里它们可以被快速部署。 还公开了检查对象的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08137976B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-20

申请号：US11485150

申请日：2006-07-12

申请人： Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N33/00

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/402 ,  G01N2223/626 ,  G01N2223/639

摘要： In one example, a method of examining contents of an object is disclosed comprising scanning an object by first and second radiation beams at at least first and second angles, detecting radiation at the first and second angles, and determining whether the object at least potentially comprises high atomic number material, which may be nuclear material or shielding material, based, at least in part, on the detected radiation. In one example, the detected radiation at both angles must be indicative of a region of high atomic number material by the presence of corresponding high density regions, in order for it to be concluded that high atomic number material that may be nuclear material may be present. The determination may be further based on the size of a high density region in one of the images. Systems are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 在一个示例中，公开了一种检查对象的内容的方法，包括以至少第一和第二角度的第一和第二辐射束扫描对象，以第一和第二角度检测辐射，以及确定对象是否至少可能包括 至少部分地基于检测到的辐射的高原子序数材料，其可以是核材料或屏蔽材料。 在一个实例中，检测到的两个角度的辐射必须通过存在相应的高密度区域来指示高原子序数材料的区域，以便得出结论，可能存在可能是核材料的高原子序数材料 。 该确定可以进一步基于一个图像中的高密度区域的大小。 还披露了系统。

公开(公告)号：US20080205594A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

申请号：US11893302

申请日：2007-08-13

申请人： Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/083

CPC分类号： G01V5/0091 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01T3/00 ,  G01V5/0041 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： In one embodiment, a method of examining contents of an object is disclosed comprising scanning an object at first and second radiation energies, detecting radiation at the first and second energies, and calculating a function of the radiation detected at the first and second energies. The method further comprises calculating at least one second function based, at least in part, on at least some of the first functions, and determining whether the object at least potentially contains material in a class of materials based, at least in part, on the second function. The class of materials may be materials having an atomic number greater than the predetermined atomic number, for example. The second function may be compared to a criterion, which may be a threshold, for example. Systems are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，公开了一种检查物体的内容的方法，包括以第一和第二辐射能量扫描物体，检测第一和第二能量处的辐射，以及计算在第一和第二能量处检测到的辐射的函数。 该方法还包括至少部分地基于第一功能中的至少一些来计算至少一个第二功能，并且至少部分地基于所述第一功能来确定对象是否至少可能包含材料类中的材料 第二功能。 材料类可以是例如原子序数大于预定原子数的材料。 可以将第二功能与例如可以是阈值的标准进行比较。 还披露了系统。

公开(公告)号：US06954515B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-11

申请号：US10423770

申请日：2003-04-25

申请人： Paul Bjorkholm ,  James E. Clayton

发明人： Paul Bjorkholm ,  James E. Clayton

IPC分类号： G21K1/093 ,  H01J35/14 ,  H01J35/30

CPC分类号： H01J35/24 ,  G21K1/093 ,  H01J35/14

摘要： A radiation source is disclosed comprising a source of charged particles that travel along a path. Target material lies along the path to generate radiation upon impact by the beam. A magnet is provided to deflect the beam prior to impacting the target. The magnet may generate a time-varying magnetic field or a constant magnetic field. A constant magnetic field may be varied spatially across the beam. The magnet may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet. In one example, deflection of the beam results in impact of the beam on the target along a plurality of axes. In another example, portions of the beam are differentially deflected. The source may thereby irradiate an object to be scanned with more uniform radiation. The charged particles may be electrons or protons and the radiation may be X-ray or gamma ray radiation, or neutrons. Scanning systems incorporating such sources, methods of generating radiation and methods of examining objects are disclosed, as well.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种辐射源，其包括沿着路径行进的带电粒子源。 目标材料位于路径上，以在梁受到冲击时产生辐射。 提供磁体以在撞击目标之前偏转光束。 磁体可产生时变磁场或恒定磁场。 恒定的磁场可以在横跨射束的空间上变化。 磁体可以是电磁体或永磁体。 在一个示例中，光束的偏转导致沿着多个轴的光束对目标的影响。 在另一示例中，梁的部分被差异偏转。 因此，源可以以更均匀的辐射照射待扫描的物体。 带电粒子可以是电子或质子，并且辐射可以是X射线或γ射线辐射或中子。 还公开了包含这些源的扫描系统，产生辐射的方法和检查对象的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4112301A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US692322

申请日：1976-06-03

申请人： Martin Annis ,  Paul Bjorkholm ,  Carolus M. Cobb ,  Edwin Frederick ,  Alan Ramsey

发明人： Martin Annis ,  Paul Bjorkholm ,  Carolus M. Cobb ,  Edwin Frederick ,  Alan Ramsey

IPC分类号： G01N15/14 ,  G01T7/02 ,  G01T1/20

CPC分类号： G01T7/02 ,  G01N15/1459 ,  G01N2015/1477 ,  G01N2015/1486 ,  G01N2015/1493

摘要： Inert gas under pressure forces a suspension of particles in a carrier fluid through a flow channel including tubes of narrow diameter at a pressure high enough to establish laminar flow free from turbulence at a speed determined by a constant displacement rate syringe at the downstream end of the flow channel. At at least two locations along the flow channel measurements are made of particle conditions, such as radioactivity and size, to provide a multiple of particle signals which are correlated to provide a multi-dimensional characterization of the particles, such as the number of cells exceeding a predetermined radioactivity level for each of a number of cell size ranges.

摘要翻译： 在压力下的惰性气体迫使载体流体中的颗粒悬浮液通过包括窄直径管的流动通道，压力足够高以在由下列端的恒定位移速率注射器确定的速度下确定不含湍流的层流 流通道。 在沿着流动通道的至少两个位置处，测量颗粒状况，例如放射性和尺寸，以提供与多个颗粒信号相关联的多个颗粒信号，以提供颗粒的多维表征，例如超过 针对多个小区尺寸范围中的每一个的预定放射性水平。

公开(公告)号：US07783003B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-24

申请号：US11903673

申请日：2007-09-24

申请人： James E. Clayton ,  Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： James E. Clayton ,  Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  B66C5/04 ,  B66C13/06 ,  B66D3/18

CPC分类号： G01N23/04 ,  G01V5/005 ,  G21K5/10

摘要： In one example, a radiation scanning system and method rotates a cargo conveyance after removal from a ship for proper orientation with respect to a scanning source and detector, for scanning. A movable carriage may be provided on a crane system, to rotate the cargo conveyance. A rotating flywheel on the carriage rotates in a direction opposite the direction of rotation of the cargo conveyance, to counterbalance angular momentum generated by the rotating conveyance, to avoid or minimize twisting of the carriage. Feedback is provided to control the rotation of the flywheel. Once the cargo conveyance is in the predetermined position, the conveyance is moved between the radiation source and detector for scanning by a vertically extending radiation beam.

摘要翻译： 在一个示例中，放射线扫描系统和方法在从船舶移除之后使货物运输工具相对于扫描源和检测器旋转以进行适当的取向用于扫描。 可以在起重机系统上设置可移动的托架，以使货物转运。 滑架上的旋转飞轮沿着与货物运输方向的旋转方向相反的方向旋转，以平衡由旋转输送产生的角动量，以避免或最小化滑架的扭转。 提供反馈以控制飞轮的旋转。 一旦货物运输工具处于预定位置，则运输工具在辐射源和检测器之间移动，以便通过垂直延伸的辐射束进行扫描。

公开(公告)号：US20070241282A1

公开(公告)日：2007-10-18

申请号：US11070032

申请日：2005-02-28

申请人： James Clayton ,  Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： James Clayton ,  Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/22

CPC分类号： G01V5/0091 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01T3/00 ,  G01V5/0041 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： In accordance with an embodiment, a method of examining contents of an object is disclosed comprising conducting a first examination of an object, checking for the presence of delayed neutrons if the first examination indicates that suspect material is present, and determining whether the object contains nuclear material based, at least in part, on the check. The first examination may comprise a manual examination and scanning of the object to form an image, for example. The first examination may also comprise scanning of the object at two different radiation energies, calculating a function of the energy detected at the two radiation energies, and determining whether the object at least potentially contains suspect material based, at least in part, on the comparison. Systems are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 根据实施例，公开了一种检查物体的内容的方法，包括：如果第一检查指示可疑材料存在，则对物体进行第一次检查，检查是否存在延迟的中子，以及确定物体是否包含核 材料至少部分在支票上。 例如，第一检查可以包括对对象的手动检查和扫描以形成图像。 第一检查还可以包括以两种不同的辐射能量扫描物体，计算在两个辐射能量处检测到的能量的函数，以及至少部分地基于比较来确定对象是否至少潜在地包含可疑材料 。 还披露了系统。

公开(公告)号：US07257188B2

公开(公告)日：2007-08-14

申请号：US11070143

申请日：2005-02-28

申请人： Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/06 ,  H05G1/64

CPC分类号： G01V5/0091 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01T3/00 ,  G01V5/0041 ,  G01V5/0069

摘要： In one embodiment, a method of examining contents of an object is disclosed comprising scanning an object at first and second radiation energies, detecting radiation at the first and second energies, and calculating a function of the radiation detected at the first and second energies, for corresponding pixels. A pixel is a projection of radiation through the object onto the detector. The first functions of a plurality of pixels are grouped and a second function of the group is analyzed to determine whether the object at least potentially contains material having an atomic number greater than the predetermined atomic number. The second function may be compared to a third function, which may be a threshold having a value based, at least in part, on material having a predetermined atomic number. Systems are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，公开了一种检查物体的内容的方法，包括：以第一和第二辐射能量扫描物体，检测第一和第二能量的辐射，以及计算在第一和第二能量处检测的辐射的函数， 对应的像素。 像素是通过物体的辐射投影到检测器上。 多个像素的第一功能被分组，并且分析该组的第二功能以确定对象是否至少潜在地包含具有大于预定原子数的原子序数的材料。 第二功能可以与第三功能进行比较，第三功能可以是具有至少部分地基于具有预定原子数的材料的值的阈值。 还披露了系统。

公开(公告)号：US4839913A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-13

申请号：US40018

申请日：1987-04-20

申请人： Martin Annis ,  Paul Bjorkholm

发明人： Martin Annis ,  Paul Bjorkholm

IPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01V5/00

CPC分类号： G01V5/0025 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01V5/0069 ,  G01N2223/076

摘要： Information is derived from a selected fluorescent radiation line produced when an object is illuminated by a flying spot scanner. The illuminating radiation has an energy level sufficient to produce the fluorescent line when targeted components of the object are present and illuminated. A detector senses a fluorescent radiation line emitted from the targeted components to generate electrical fluorence based signals.

摘要翻译： 当通过飞点扫描仪照射物体时，从所选择的荧光辐射线得到信息。 当物体的目标成分存在和照明时，照射辐射具有足以产生荧光线的能级。 检测器感测从目标成分发射的荧光辐射线，以产生基于电流辉度的信号。