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    Process for the preparation of acid chlorides by phosgenation of acids, and catalysts for this process
    1.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of acid chlorides by phosgenation of acids, and catalysts for this process 失效
    通过酸的光气化制备酰氯的方法和该方法的催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US4806286A

    公开(公告)日：1989-02-21

    申请号：US888208

    申请日：1986-07-23

    申请人： Jean-Pierre Senet ,  Patricia Gauthier ,  Thierry Malfroot ,  Patrick Wolf

    发明人： Jean-Pierre Senet ,  Patricia Gauthier ,  Thierry Malfroot ,  Patrick Wolf

    IPC分类号： B01J31/00 ,  B01J31/02 ,  C07B31/00 ,  C07B41/10 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C51/00 ,  C07C51/60 ,  C07C53/38 ,  C07C57/64 ,  C07C63/00 ,  C07C67/00

    CPC分类号： C07C51/60

    摘要： The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of carboxylic acid chlorides by phosgenation of the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst.This process is characterized in that the said catalyst is chosen from the compounds represented by the formulae ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 to R.sub.6, which are identical of different, denote: aliphatic, alicyclic, araliphatic or aromatic radicals,or form, in pairs, with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached or with the N-C-N group, a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.The process applies to most carboxylic acids.The acid chlorides obtained are known and used to produce radical polymerization initiators or pesticides.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及在催化剂存在下通过相应羧酸的光气化制备羧酸氯化物的新方法。 该方法的特征在于所述催化剂选自由下式表示的化合物：其中不同的相同的R 1至R 6表示：脂族，脂环族，芳脂族或 芳族基团或与其所连接的氮原子或NCN基团成对形成5-或6-元杂环。 该过程适用于大多数羧酸。 获得的酰氯是已知的并且用于产生自由基聚合引发剂或杀虫剂。

    Process for the preparation of fluoroformates
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of fluoroformates 失效
    氟甲酸酯的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US4612143A

    公开(公告)日：1986-09-16

    申请号：US651661

    申请日：1984-09-17

    申请人： Marc Piteau ,  Jean-Pierre Senet ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Roy A. Olofson ,  Vu A. Dang

    发明人： Marc Piteau ,  Jean-Pierre Senet ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Roy A. Olofson ,  Vu A. Dang

    IPC分类号： C07C68/06 ,  C07C69/04 ,  C07C69/96

    CPC分类号： C07C68/06 ,  C07C69/96

    摘要： A process for the preparation of fluoroformates of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or polycyclic radical, or substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic radical or an aromatic radical, which consists of reacting a carbonate of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 has the same meaning as hereinabove and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or R.sup.2 is aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms, with an alkali or alkaline earth fluoride, ammonium fluoride or a quaternary ammonium fluoride, of formula FNR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms or a fluoride which is KHF.sub.2, NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2 or KSO.sub.2 F. The fluoride is activated by a complexing agent for the cation which is a cryptate, a cyclic or linear polyether or by means of a polar aprotic compound. The carbonate is split to give a reaction mixture containing an aldehyde and the fluoroformate which is removed from the reaction mixture.

    摘要翻译： 制备下式的氟甲酸酯的方法：其中R 1是取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和的脂族，脂环族或多环基团，或取代或未取代的芳脂族基团或芳族基团，其由 式：其中R 1具有与上述相同的含义，R 2是氢，1-12个碳原子的烷基，5-12个碳原子的环烷基，未被取代或被一个或多个卤素原子或R 2取代的5-12个碳原子的环烷基 是未取代或被一个或多个卤素原子取代的芳基与式FNR 3 R 4 R 5 R 6的碱金属或碱土金属氟化物，氟化铵或季铵氟化物，其中R 3，R 4，R 5，R 6相同或不同，为氢， 1-12个碳原子的烷基或芳烷基或作为KHF2，NH4HF2或KSO2F的氟化物。 氟化物由用于阳离子的络合剂活化，所述络合剂是密封剂，环状或线性聚醚或通过极性非质子化合物。 分离碳酸酯，得到含有从反应混合物中除去的醛和氟甲酸酯的反应混合物。

    Methods, systems, and computer program products for neural channel selection in a multi-channel system
    3.
    发明申请
    Methods, systems, and computer program products for neural channel selection in a multi-channel system 有权
    用于多通道系统神经通道选择的方法，系统和计算机程序产品

    公开(公告)号：US20060041203A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-02-23

    申请号：US10922752

    申请日：2004-08-20

    申请人： Patrick Wolf ,  Deborah Won

    发明人： Patrick Wolf ,  Deborah Won

    IPC分类号： A61B5/04

    CPC分类号： A61B5/04012 ,  A61B5/04001 ,  A61B5/0476 ,  A61F2/50 ,  A61F2/72 ,  G06F3/015

    摘要： Methods, systems, and computer program products for transmitting neural signal information. Methods, systems, and computer programs products are disclosed for neural channel selection in a multi-channel system. A method according to one embodiment can include a step for receiving a plurality of neural signals on a first plurality of channels. The method can also include a step for calculating criterion variable value for the neural signal on each of the channels. In addition, the method can include a step for ranking the channels by the criterion variable value. The method can also include a step for calculating mutual information between a measured output and a total population activity for the first plurality of channels. Further, the method can include a step for determining a second plurality of channels that encodes a predetermined amount of the mutual information.

    摘要翻译： 用于传输神经信号信息的方法，系统和计算机程序产品。 公开了用于多通道系统中神经通道选择的方法，系统和计算机程序产品。 根据一个实施例的方法可以包括在第一多个信道上接收多个神经信号的步骤。 该方法还可以包括用于在每个通道上计算神经信号的标准变量值的步骤。 此外，该方法可以包括通过标准变量值对信道进行排序的步骤。 该方法还可以包括用于计算第一多个信道的测量输出和总总体活动之间的相互信息的步骤。 此外，该方法可以包括用于确定编码预定量的互信息的第二多个信道的步骤。

    Diagnostic Method for an Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Gas System that includes a Particle Filter
    4.
    发明申请
    Diagnostic Method for an Internal Combustion Engine Exhaust Gas System that includes a Particle Filter 有权
    包含颗粒过滤器的内燃机排气系统的诊断方法

    公开(公告)号：US20110100094A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-05-05

    申请号：US12613302

    申请日：2009-11-05

    申请人： Joachim Konrad ,  Yi Liu ,  Emmanuel Routier ,  Kevin Sisken ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Peter Schimmelpfennig

    发明人： Joachim Konrad ,  Yi Liu ,  Emmanuel Routier ,  Kevin Sisken ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Peter Schimmelpfennig

    IPC分类号： G01N1/22

    CPC分类号： F01N11/002 ,  F01N2900/0402 ,  F01N2900/1406 ,  Y02T10/47

    摘要： In a method for the diagnostics of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter, first and second sets of value vectors are determined, each including associated values for absolute pressure upstream and downstream of the particle filter, a differential pressure determined from the values of the absolute pressure, an exhaust gas volume flow through the particle filter, and a temperature of the exhaust gas volume flow. After a temperature-standardization of the pressure values, characteristics for dependence of the pressure values are generated from temperature-standardized values of the first set of value vectors and possibly stored as reference characteristics. By comparing temperature-standardized values for the absolute pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the particle filter and the differential pressure of the second set of value vectors with reference characteristics, flow anomalies can be determined in the exhaust gas system.

    摘要翻译： 在包括颗粒过滤器的内燃机废气系统的诊断方法中，确定第一和第二组值向量，每一个包括颗粒过滤器上游和下游的绝对压力的相关值，由 绝对压力的值，通过颗粒过滤器的排气体积流量和废气体积流量的温度。 在压力值的温度标准化之后，由第一组值向量的温度标准化值产生压力值依赖性的特性，并可能存储为参考特性。 通过比较颗粒过滤器入口侧和出口侧的绝对压力的温度标准值和具有参考特性的第二组值向量的压差，可以在废气系统中确定流量异常。

    Diagnostic method for an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter
    7.
    发明授权
    Diagnostic method for an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter 有权
    包括颗粒过滤器的内燃机废气系统的诊断方法

    公开(公告)号：US08096171B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-01-17

    申请号：US12613302

    申请日：2009-11-05

    申请人： Joachim Konrad ,  Yi Liu ,  Emmanuel Routier ,  Kevin Sisken ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Peter Schimmelpfennig

    发明人： Joachim Konrad ,  Yi Liu ,  Emmanuel Routier ,  Kevin Sisken ,  Patrick Wolf ,  Peter Schimmelpfennig

    IPC分类号： G01M15/10

    CPC分类号： F01N11/002 ,  F01N2900/0402 ,  F01N2900/1406 ,  Y02T10/47

    摘要： In a method for the diagnostics of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter, first and second sets of value vectors are determined, each including associated values for absolute pressure upstream and downstream of the particle filter, a differential pressure determined from the values of the absolute pressure, an exhaust gas volume flow through the particle filter, and a temperature of the exhaust gas volume flow. After a temperature-standardization of the pressure values, characteristics for dependence of the pressure values are generated from temperature-standardized values of the first set of value vectors and possibly stored as reference characteristics. By comparing temperature-standardized values for the absolute pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the particle filter and the differential pressure of the second set of value vectors with reference characteristics, flow anomalies can be determined in the exhaust gas system.

    摘要翻译： 在包括颗粒过滤器的内燃机废气系统的诊断方法中，确定第一和第二组值向量，每一个包括颗粒过滤器上游和下游的绝对压力的相关值，由 绝对压力的值，通过颗粒过滤器的排气体积流量和废气体积流量的温度。 在压力值的温度标准化之后，由第一组值向量的温度标准化值产生压力值依赖性的特性，并可能存储为参考特性。 通过比较颗粒过滤器入口侧和出口侧的绝对压力的温度标准值和具有参考特性的第二组值向量的压差，可以在废气系统中确定流量异常。

    Systems, methods, and computer program products for transmitting neural signal information
    9.
    发明申请
    Systems, methods, and computer program products for transmitting neural signal information 有权

    公开(公告)号：US20060116738A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-06-01

    申请号：US10998385

    申请日：2004-11-29

    申请人： Patrick Wolf ,  Iyad Obeid

    发明人： Patrick Wolf ,  Iyad Obeid

    IPC分类号： A61N1/18

    CPC分类号： A61N1/37252 ,  A61B5/0002 ,  A61B5/0031 ,  A61B5/04001 ,  A61B5/726

    摘要： Systems, Methods, and Computer Program Products for Transmitting Neural Signal Information. Systems, method, and computer program products are provided for neural signal transmission. A system according to one embodiment can include a signal receiver operable to receive a neural signal comprising an action potential. The system can also include an action potential detector operable to communicate with the signal receiver and detect when the action potential occurs. In addition, the system can include a transmitter in communication with the action potential detector and operable to transmit an information signal indicating the time when the action potential occurs and, in addition, can transmit samples associated with a detected action potential.

    Apparatus for acquiring and transmitting neural signals and related methods
    10.
    发明申请
    Apparatus for acquiring and transmitting neural signals and related methods 失效
    用于获取和发送神经信号的装置及相关方法

    公开(公告)号：US20050090756A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-04-28

    申请号：US10692235

    申请日：2003-10-23

    申请人： Patrick Wolf ,  Miguel Nicolelis ,  James Morizio ,  John Chapin

    发明人： Patrick Wolf ,  Miguel Nicolelis ,  James Morizio ,  John Chapin

    IPC分类号： A61N1/08 ,  A61N1/18

    CPC分类号： A61N1/08

    摘要： Neurochip for Neuroprosthetic Control. According to one embodiment, a neural spike detection system is provided. The neural spike detection system can include a signal receiver operable to receive a plurality of neural signals including neural spikes. The system can also include a neural spike detector adapted to communicate with the signal receiver and detect neural spikes in the plurality of neural signals. Further, the system can include a transmitter connected to the neural spike detector and operable to transmit an information signal when a neural spike is detected.

    摘要翻译： 神经芯片神经元控制。 根据一个实施例，提供了神经尖峰检测系统。 神经尖峰检测系统可以包括可操作以接收包括神经尖峰的多个神经信号的信号接收器。 该系统还可以包括适于与信号接收器通信并检测多个神经信号中的神经尖峰的神经尖峰检测器。 此外，系统可以包括连接到神经尖峰检测器的发射器，并且可操作以在检测到神经尖峰时发送信息信号。