摘要:
In a method for the diagnostics of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter, first and second sets of value vectors are determined, each including associated values for absolute pressure upstream and downstream of the particle filter, a differential pressure determined from the values of the absolute pressure, an exhaust gas volume flow through the particle filter, and a temperature of the exhaust gas volume flow. After a temperature-standardization of the pressure values, characteristics for dependence of the pressure values are generated from temperature-standardized values of the first set of value vectors and possibly stored as reference characteristics. By comparing temperature-standardized values for the absolute pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the particle filter and the differential pressure of the second set of value vectors with reference characteristics, flow anomalies can be determined in the exhaust gas system.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of fluoroformates of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or polycyclic radical, or substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic radical or an aromatic radical, which consists of reacting a carbonate of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 has the same meaning as hereinabove and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or R.sup.2 is aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms, with an alkali or alkaline earth fluoride, ammonium fluoride or a quaternary ammonium fluoride, of formula FNR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms or a fluoride which is KHF.sub.2, NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2 or KSO.sub.2 F. The fluoride is activated by a complexing agent for the cation which is a cryptate, a cyclic or linear polyether or by means of a polar aprotic compound. The carbonate is split to give a reaction mixture containing an aldehyde and the fluoroformate which is removed from the reaction mixture.
摘要翻译:制备下式的氟甲酸酯的方法:其中R 1是取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和的脂族,脂环族或多环基团,或取代或未取代的芳脂族基团或芳族基团,其由 式:其中R 1具有与上述相同的含义,R 2是氢,1-12个碳原子的烷基,5-12个碳原子的环烷基,未被取代或被一个或多个卤素原子或R 2取代的5-12个碳原子的环烷基 是未取代或被一个或多个卤素原子取代的芳基与式FNR 3 R 4 R 5 R 6的碱金属或碱土金属氟化物,氟化铵或季铵氟化物,其中R 3,R 4,R 5,R 6相同或不同,为氢, 1-12个碳原子的烷基或芳烷基或作为KHF2,NH4HF2或KSO2F的氟化物。 氟化物由用于阳离子的络合剂活化,所述络合剂是密封剂,环状或线性聚醚或通过极性非质子化合物。 分离碳酸酯,得到含有从反应混合物中除去的醛和氟甲酸酯的反应混合物。
摘要:
A method for charging a vehicle battery of a vehicle connected to a charging station involves determining by the vehicle of a first charge profile as a function of a maximum power rating of the charging station, a target state of charge, and a predefined charge period, and checking by the vehicle as to whether the target state of charge can be achieved within the predefined charge period.
摘要:
A system for charging vehicle batteries has a number of charge devices, each arranged in an associated vehicle for charging a battery of the respective vehicle. The charge devices determine a charge profile for the associated battery and to transmit it to a charge management unit. The charge management unit references the transmitted charge profiles to determine a power distribution to the charge devices.
摘要:
In a method for the diagnostics of an internal combustion engine exhaust gas system that includes a particle filter, first and second sets of value vectors are determined, each including associated values for absolute pressure upstream and downstream of the particle filter, a differential pressure determined from the values of the absolute pressure, an exhaust gas volume flow through the particle filter, and a temperature of the exhaust gas volume flow. After a temperature-standardization of the pressure values, characteristics for dependence of the pressure values are generated from temperature-standardized values of the first set of value vectors and possibly stored as reference characteristics. By comparing temperature-standardized values for the absolute pressure on the inlet and outlet sides of the particle filter and the differential pressure of the second set of value vectors with reference characteristics, flow anomalies can be determined in the exhaust gas system.
摘要:
The invention relates to a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound. The invention also relates to a method for producing a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound and to a method for coating substrates composed of metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass or glass-type materials with coating compositions of this type. The invention further relates to the use of a coating composition according to the invention for coating metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass and/or glass-type substrates.
摘要:
Methods, systems, and computer program products for transmitting neural signal information. Methods, systems, and computer programs products are disclosed for neural channel selection in a multi-channel system. A method according to one embodiment can include a step for receiving a plurality of neural signals on a first plurality of channels. The method can also include a step for calculating criterion variable value for the neural signal on each of the channels. In addition, the method can include a step for ranking the channels by the criterion variable value. The method can also include a step for calculating mutual information between a measured output and a total population activity for the first plurality of channels. Further, the method can include a step for determining a second plurality of channels that encodes a predetermined amount of the mutual information.
摘要:
The invention relates to a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound. The invention also relates to a method for producing a coating composition consisting of an oxide compound and to a method for coating substrates composed of metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass or glass-type materials with coating compositions of this type. The invention further relates to the use of a coating composition according to the invention for coating metal, semiconductor, alloy, ceramic, quartz, glass and/or glass-type substrates.
摘要:
A method for charging a vehicle battery of a vehicle connected to a charging station involves determining by the vehicle of a first charge profile as a function of a maximum power rating of the charging station, a target state of charge, and a predefined charge period, and checking by the vehicle as to whether the target state of charge can be achieved within the predefined charge period.
摘要:
Systems, Methods, and Computer Program Products for Transmitting Neural Signal Information. Systems, method, and computer program products are provided for neural signal transmission. A system according to one embodiment can include a signal receiver operable to receive a neural signal comprising an action potential. The system can also include an action potential detector operable to communicate with the signal receiver and detect when the action potential occurs. In addition, the system can include a transmitter in communication with the action potential detector and operable to transmit an information signal indicating the time when the action potential occurs and, in addition, can transmit samples associated with a detected action potential.