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公开(公告)号：US5235239A
公开(公告)日：1993-08-10
申请号：US712200
申请日：1991-06-07
摘要： Window constructions for use in particle accelerators to separate an evacuated accelerator beam chamber from a gas or liquid filled target area, which window structure enhances cooling of the foil covering the window opening and reduces stresses on the foil. For preferred embodiments, the window opening is shaped and dimensioned to provide high length-to-width aspect ratio and a rectangular shape with rounded corners. The openings should generally be as narrow as possible while still being wide enough to assure efficient transmission of the ion beam. Stresses in the foil is reduced by providing controlled bowing of the portions of the foil covering the window. This may be accomplished by providing some slack in the foil, at least in one dimension, but is preferably accomplished by pressing the foil between mating curved surfaces selectively extending from the edges of the window openings, resulting in the desired bow in the foil in the window area. With a rectangular opening, the bow is preferably a generally cylindrical bow about an axis parallel to the length dimension of the window. A generally spherical bow may also be utilized. A plurality of adjacent generally rectangular openings separated by struts are also utilized for some embodiments.
摘要翻译： 窗口结构用于粒子加速器以将抽真空的加速器光束室与气体或液体填充的目标区域分离，该窗口结构增强了覆盖窗口的箔的冷却并减少了箔上的应力。 对于优选实施例，窗口的形状和尺寸被设计成提供高的长宽比纵横比和具有圆角的矩形形状。 开口通常应尽可能窄，同时仍然足够宽以确保离子束的有效传输。 通过提供覆盖窗户的箔的部分的受控弯曲来减少箔中的应力。 这可以通过在箔中至少在一个维度上提供一些松弛来实现，但是优选地通过在从窗口的边缘选择性地延伸的匹配弯曲表面之间压制箔来实现箔，从而在箔中的期望的弓 窗口区域。 对于矩形开口，弓形件优选地是围绕平行于窗口的长度尺寸的轴线的大致圆柱形的弓形。 也可以使用大致球形的弓形。 通过支柱分开的多个相邻的大致矩形的开口也用于一些实施例。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for non-invasive measurements of selected body elements 失效用于非侵入性测量所选身体元素的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5273044A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US684393
申请日：1991-04-12
CPC分类号： H05H3/06
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for performing non-invasive measurements, and in particular in vivo non-invasive measurements of the total body content of a particular element, or of the content of such elemetn in a particular body area, by use of resonant gamma ray detection. More particularly, gamma rays are generated at the resonant gamma absorption energy level for the element on which measurements are to be made and are passed through the portion of the patient's body for which measurements are to be made. Detected gamma rays passing through the patient's body may be utilized as an indication of the content of such element. The effect of non resonant gamma absorption may be subtracted by also passing gamma rays of non-resonant absorption energy through the same body part and utilizing detected gamma rays at this energy passing through the body to determine the non-resonant absorptions.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法和装置，用于通过使用谐振伽马（gamma）来执行非侵入式测量，特别是对特定元件的总身体内容或特定身体区域中的这种元件的内容的非侵入性测量 射线检测。 更具体地，在要进行测量的元件的谐振伽马吸收能级处产生伽马射线，并且通过要对其进行测量的患者身体的部分。 通过患者身体的检测的γ射线可以用作这种元件的内容的指示。 可以通过将非共振吸收能量的γ射线通过相同的身体部分并利用经过身体的能量来检测伽马射线来确定非共振吸收来减去非共振伽马吸收的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US06414327B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09395580
申请日：1999-09-14
IPC分类号： H01J3730
CPC分类号： G21K1/14 , H01J37/3007 , H01J2237/047 , H01J2237/31701
摘要： A method and apparatus for ion beam generation in which acceleration of an ion beam in a first accelerating tube to a high voltage terminal, followed by transport of the beam through the terminal without significant charge changing, and deceleration of the beam substantially to ground potential in a second accelerating tube. Since the terminal is maintained at high voltage, the beam optical characteristics between the ion source and the terminal are identical to those of normal tandem operation. The optical elements of the injector and accelerator beamline can therefore be adjusted to produce an focused beam envelope in the high voltage terminal, allowing the beam to propagate efficiently through an empty stripper canal. Since the beam, does not undergo a charge change in the terminal, it is decelerated in the second tandem accelerating tube. Since the beam propagates through the accelerator at energies higher than the injection energy, expansion of the beam due to space charge and emittance is reduced.
摘要翻译： 一种用于离子束产生的方法和装置，其中将第一加速管中的离子束加速到高压端子，随后通过端子传输光束而没有显着的电荷变化，并且将光束的减速基本上接地电位 第二加速管。 由于端子保持高电压，离子源和端子之间的光束特性与正常串联操作相同。 因此，可以调节注射器和加速器束线的光学元件以在高压端子中产生聚焦束包络，允许光束有效地传播通过空的剥离管。 由于光束在端子中不会发生电荷变化，所以在第二串联加速管中减速。 由于光束以高于注入能量的能量传播通过加速器，所以减小了由于空间电荷和发射率引起的光束的膨胀。
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公开(公告)号：US6148061A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-14
申请号：US67874
申请日：1998-04-28
CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 , H01J35/32 , A61N5/1002
摘要： A miniature x-ray unit includes a first electrical node, a second electrical node and an insulating material. The first and second nodes are separated by a vacuum gap. The first node includes a base portion and a projecting portion, wherein the projecting portion and the second node are surrounded by an x-ray transmissive window through which x-rays exit the unit. The insulating material coaxially surrounds the base portion of the first node such that the insulating material is recessed from the vacuum gap, and the insulator does not extend into the vacuum gap. Recessing the insulating material from the vacuum gap decreases the likelihood that the insulator will electrically break down due to the accumulation of electrical charge, and/or the accumulation of other materials on the surface of the insulator. In a preferred embodiment, the first node is an anode and the second node is a cathode. Alternatively, the first node may be the cathode and the second node may be the anode. The cathode is preferably a cold gated field emitter array (FEA) which provides a electron current having a magnitude that is sufficient to satisfy the time constraints on x-ray dose delivery.
摘要翻译： 微型x射线单元包括第一电节点，第二电节点和绝缘材料。 第一和第二节点由真空间隙隔开。 第一节点包括基部和突出部分，其中突出部分和第二节点由x射线透射窗围绕，X射线透过该X射线从该单元离开。 绝缘材料同轴地围绕第一节点的基部，使得绝缘材料从真空间隙凹陷，并且绝缘体不延伸到真空间隙中。 将真空间隙中的绝缘材料嵌入减少绝缘体由于电荷的累积而电分解的可能性，和/或其他材料在绝缘体表面上的累积。 在优选实施例中，第一节点是阳极，第二节点是阴极。 或者，第一节点可以是阴极，第二节点可以是阳极。 阴极优选是冷门控场发射器阵列（FEA），其提供具有足以满足x射线剂量递送的时间限制的量级的电子电流。
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公开(公告)号：US20050018817A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-27
申请号：US10763051
申请日：2004-09-30
摘要： Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.
摘要翻译： 描述的是一个独立的，小型，轻便的，功率高效的辐射屏蔽模块，其中包括一个微型真空X射线管，发射受控强度和限定光谱的X射线。 反馈控制电路用于监测和维持射束电流和电压。 X射线管，高压电源和谐振转换器封装在固体高压绝缘材料中。 该模块可以配置成复杂的几何形状，并且可以由市售的小型紧凑型低压电池供电。
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公开(公告)号：US20060098778A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-11
申请号：US10370783
申请日：2003-02-20
IPC分类号： H05G1/10
摘要： Described is a self-contained, small, lightweight, power-efficient and radiation-shielded module that includes a miniature vacuum X-ray tube emitting X-rays of a controlled intensity and defined spectrum. Feedback control circuits are used to monitor and maintain the beam current and voltage. The X-ray tube, high-voltage power supply, and the resonant converter are encapsulated in a solid high-voltage insulating material. The module can be configured into complex geometries and can be powered by commercially available small, compact, low-voltage batteries.
摘要翻译： 描述的是一个独立的，小型的，轻便的，功率高效的和辐射屏蔽的模块，其中包括一个微型真空X射线管，发射受控强度和限定光谱的X射线。 反馈控制电路用于监测和维持射束电流和电压。 X射线管，高压电源和谐振转换器封装在固体高压绝缘材料中。 该模块可以配置成复杂的几何形状，并且可以由市售的小型紧凑型低压电池供电。
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公开(公告)号：US4887604A
公开(公告)日：1989-12-19
申请号：US194190
申请日：1988-05-16
CPC分类号： A61B6/482 , A61B6/4035 , G21K1/10 , H05G1/26 , H05G1/60 , A61B6/4092
摘要： An energy substraction medical imaging system which is used for imaging a body part impregnated with a radio-opaque dye such as iodine is provided. The system includes an electron beam target having a target surface which, when excited by a high-energy electron beam, generates radiation having strong K.sub..alpha. at energy levels slightly above and slightly below the K-edge energy level of the dye. The target surface is preferably formed of a compound containing lanthanum, such as lanthanum oxide. The target may also be formed of a compound containing a material having a K.sub..alpha. line at an energy level slightly above the dye K-edge and a material with K.sub..alpha. line slightly below the dye K-edge or with separate sections containing such materials which are alternately excited. The target is excited by a high-energy electron beam from a suitable source, the electron beam having sufficient energy to provide a high photon yield at the K.sub..alpha. line energy levels and sufficient power to produce the required photon fluences at such energy lines for the medical imaging application. One of the K.sub..alpha. lines in the radiation output from the excited target is selectively filtered and the output from the filter, both with the K.sub..alpha. line filter and with the line unfiltered, are passed through the body part being imaged to an x-ray detector. The output from the detector in response to the filtered and unfiltered outputs is processed to obtain an image of the body part. Continuum radiation from the target is reduced by filtering the continuum radiation at frequencies above the below the K.sub..alpha. line energy levels of the target compound, by viewing the radiation from the target in the backward direction to the beam, and by having the thickness of the target equal to a fraction of the electron range in the target compound material.
摘要翻译： 提供了用于对浸渍有不透射线的染料如碘的身体部位成像的能量减弱医学成像系统。 该系统包括具有目标表面的电子束目标，当被高能电子束激发时，其产生的能量水平略高于并稍低于染料的K边能级的强Kα辐射。 目标表面优选由含有镧的化合物，例如氧化镧形成。 靶也可以由含有K a线的化合物形成，其能量水平略高于染料K-边缘，并且具有稍低于染料K-边缘的Kα线的材料或含有这些材料的分开的部分 交替激发。 目标被来自合适的源的高能电子束激发，电子束具有足够的能量以在Kα线能量级提供高光子产量，并具有足够的功率以在这样的能量线处产生所需的光子能量， 医学成像应用。 来自激发的靶的辐射输出中的Kα线之一被选择性地滤波，并且来自滤波器的输出（两者都与Kα线滤波器和未被滤波的线路）通过被成像的身体部分被X射线 探测器。 处理来自检测器的响应于滤波和未滤波输出的输出以获得身体部位的图像。 通过在目标化合物的Kα线能级以下的频率处过滤连续体辐射，通过将来自目标的向后方向的辐射观察到束，并通过使靶 目标等于目标化合物中电子范围的一部分。
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8.发明授权Radiation source utilizing a unique accelerator and apparatus for the use thereof 失效辐射源利用独特的加速器及其使用的装置
公开(公告)号：US5135704A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-04
申请号：US488300
申请日：1990-03-02
IPC分类号： H05H3/06
CPC分类号： H05H3/06
摘要： A high energy, charged particle accelerator, and radiation sources utilizing such accelerator are provided. More particularly, a high yield neutron generator and apparatus for the use of such generator are provided. The generator utilizes an ion source, a target adapted to generate neutrons when bombarded by high energy ions and an accelerator tube between the source and target. A multistage cascade rectifier is paraxial with the accelerator tube and has a voltage gradient which substantially matches that of the accelerator tube. The cascade rectifier preferably surrounds the accelerator tube and has equipotential metal plates on each side of each stage, the potential gradients between each pair of plates being substantially uniform and being substantially equal to the voltage gradient in the adjacent section of the accelerator tube. Generator elements may be enclosed in a pressure vessel and a moderator may be provided in the vessel, near the target to thermalize neutrons emitted from the target. The neutron generator may be utilized for explosives detection, such as part of a mine detector or to detect explosives in luggage or other items being inspected as part of a security system. The neutron generator may also be utilized for drug detection and for nondestructive testing of objects formed of metals or other dense materials.
摘要翻译： 提供高能量带电粒子加速器和利用这种加速器的辐射源。 更具体地，提供了一种用于使用这种发生器的高产率中子发生器和装置。 该发生器利用离子源，当由高能离子和源和目标之间的加速管轰击时适合产生中子的靶。 多级联级联整流器与加速器管接近，具有与加速管基本一致的电压梯度。 级联整流器优选地围绕加速器管并且在每个级的每一侧上具有等电位的金属板，每对板之间的电势梯度基本均匀并且基本上等于加速器管的相邻部分中的电压梯度。 发电机元件可以封闭在压力容器中，并且可以在容器内靠近靶设置调节剂，以使从靶产生的中子发热。 中子发生器可以用于爆炸物检测，例如矿山检测器的一部分，或者检测作为安全系统的一部分被检查的行李箱或其他物品中的炸药。 中子发生器还可用于药物检测和用于金属或其它致密材料形成的物体的非破坏性测试。
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公开(公告)号：US5280505A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US695313
申请日：1991-05-03
摘要： This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the generation of isotopes, and in particular radioisotopes, from a target material which is not normally a solid and which, when bombarded by selected high energy particles, produces the selected isotope. A surface is provided which is preferably of a thermally-conductive material, which surface is cooled to a temperature below the freezing temperature of the target material. A thin layer of target material is then frozen on the surface and the target material is bombarded with the high energy particles. The beam of high energy particles is preferably at an angle to the surface such that the particles pass through a thickness of the target material greater than the thickness of the layer before reaching the surface. When the desired quantity of isotope has been produced from the target material, the target material, which has now been altered nuclearly to contain the selected isotope, is removed from the surface. The target material may be melted or sublimated to facilitate extraction or extraction may be accomplished in some other way. For the preferred embodiment, the target surface is the interior surface of a cone.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于从目标材料（通常不是固体）产生同位素特别是放射性同位素的方法和装置，当被选择的高能量粒子轰击时，其产生所选择的同位素。 提供表面，其优选为导热材料，该表面被冷却到低于目标材料的冷冻温度的温度。 然后将薄层的靶材料冷冻在表面上，并用高能粒子轰击靶材料。 高能粒子束优选地与表面成一定角度，使得颗粒在达到表面之前通过靶材料的厚度大于层的厚度。 当从目标材料产生所需量的同位素时，现在已经被核化以含有所选择的同位素的目标材料从表面上去除。 目标材料可以熔化或升华以促进提取或提取可以以某种其他方式完成。 对于优选实施例，目标表面是锥体的内表面。
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公开(公告)号：USRE34575E
公开(公告)日：1994-04-05
申请号：US643855
申请日：1991-01-18
CPC分类号： A61N5/10 , G21K1/14 , H05H5/00 , H05H5/06 , A61N2005/1087
摘要： A high current (0.2 to at least 2 milliamperes), low-energy (2.2 to 4 MV) ion beam is generated and is utilized to produce clinically significant quantities of medical isotopes useful in applications such as positron emission tomography. For a preferred embodiment, a tandem accelerator is utilized. Negative ions generated by a high current negative-ion source are accelerated by an electrostatic accelerator in which the necessary high voltage is produced by a solid state power supply. The accelerated ions then enter a stripping cell which removes electrons from the ions, converting them into positive ions. The positive ions are then accelerated to a target which is preferably at ground potential. For a preferred embodiment, the solid state power supply utilized to develop the required voltages is a cascade rectifier power supply which is coaxial with the accelerator between the ion source and the stripper, and is designed to have a voltage gradient which substantially matches the maximum voltage gradient of the accelerator.
摘要翻译： 产生高电流（0.2至至少2毫安），低能量（2.2至4 MV）离子束，并用于产生临床显着量的医用同位素，用于正电子发射断层扫描等应用。 对于优选实施例，使用串联加速器。 由高电流负离子源产生的负离子被固体电源产生必要的高电压的静电促进器加速。 然后，加速离子进入剥离电池，从离子中去除电子，将其转化为正离子。 然后将正离子加速至优选为地电位的靶。 对于优选实施例，用于开发所需电压的固态电源是与离子源和汽提器之间的加速器同轴的级联整流器电源，并被设计成具有与最大电压基本匹配的电压梯度 加速器的梯度。
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