Abstract:
Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants, barium sulfate and a fusible salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide such as strontium sulfide, calcium sulfide, or a mixture of strontium sulfide and calcium sulfide. Barium sulfate is used to increase the brightness of output light, whereas lithium fluoride is used to allow the material to be fused together. Samarium, cerium and europium compounds are used in specific examples as dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving drying the mixture in a dry inert atmosphere, and heating the mixture in the inert atmosphere in a graphite crucible to a fusing temperature. The resultant material can then be applied to a substrate using thin film physical vapor deposition techniques. Alternatively, it can be ground into a powder, dried and reheated to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces, and then placed in a transparent binder and applied to a substrate.
Abstract:
Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants, barium sulfate and a fusable salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide or selenide such as strontium sulfide. Barium sulfate is used to increase the brightness of output light, whereas lithium fluoride is used to allow the material to be fused together. Samarium and europium oxide are used as the first and second dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving heating of the material to a fusing temperature, grinding the material after cooling, and reheating the material to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces. The material is then placed in a transparent binder and applied to a substrate.
Abstract:
Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants and a fusible salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide such as calcium sulfide. Lithium fluoride is used to enhance the interdiffusion of materials. Samarium and cerium sulfide are used as the first and second dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving heating of the material to a fusing temperature, grinding the material after cooling, and reheating the material to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces. The material is then placed in a transparent binder and applied to a substrate, or deposited as a thin film directly on a substrate for different uses.
Abstract:
Electrically conductive contacts containing solderable metals, including tin, silver, copper and nickel, with aluminum are formed on the front and/or back surfaces of a solar cell. They are deposited by spraying the metals onto the cell surfaces, together or as layers, with an aluminum-containing layer in direct contact with the cell surfaces.
Abstract:
A semicrystalline silicon solar energy cell formed from individual grains of silicon having portions thereof at the light-receiving surface of the cell. An electrical junction is formed at said light-receiving surface and extends across and below that surface and into and between the boundaries of adjoining grains to an extent such that the total junction area substantially exceeds the product of the linear dimensions of the wafer surface but does not extend completely around the boundaries of the silicon grains or to the opposed surface of the wafer.
Abstract:
A foraminous sheet of carrier substrate is formed by immersing the sheet in a bath of molten silicon. After cooling, the coated sheet is suitable for use in making a photovoltaic cell.
Abstract:
Solar cell having a contact formed from a titanium group element in contiguous relationship with the cell, a mixture of a titanium group element and a platinum group element overlying the titanium group layer, and a layer of a platinum group element overlying that layer. A body of silver or other contact metal is adhered to the platinum group layer. The three layers may be vapor deposited on the semiconductor body, while the silver layer is more advantageously applied by plating or electroplating.
Abstract:
A silicon solar energy cell having a substantially constant voltage despite significant increases in illumination, which cell has a back surface junction that is discontinuous and has spaced, shorted portions formed therein.
Abstract:
A solar panel including photovoltaic cells encapsulated in a silicone resin containing an ultraviolet light absorber that will inhibit corrosion of metallic cell parts and resin delamination while having no substantial, adverse effect on curing of the resin.
Abstract:
Solar cell having a contact formed from a titanium group element in contiguous relationship with the cell, a mixture of a titanium group element and a platinum group element overlying the titanium group layer, and a layer of a platinum group element overlying that layer. A body of silver or other contact metal is adhered to the platinum group layer. The three layers may be vapor deposited on the semiconductor body, while the silver layer is more advantageously applied by plating or electroplating.