摘要:
In an intake passage (1) of an internal combustion engine (8), a compressor (4) combined with an electric motor/generator (4a) is provided. A bypass valve (6) connecting upstream and downstream portions of the intake passage (1) to bypass the compressor (4) is further provided. When a required intake air flow rate of the engine (8) is smaller than a threshold value, the engine (8) operates by natural aspiration of intake air and the electric motor/generator (4a) generate electric power by using rotational energy of the compressor (4) which rotates due to the flow of intake air. By increasing the opening of the bypass valve (6) as the required intake air flow rate diverges from the discharge flow rate of the compressor (4) the intake air flow rate is accurately controlled while satisfying the power generation requirement.
摘要:
A first compressor (1a) which supercharges intake air is provided in the intake passage (6, 20, 21) of an internal combustion engine (12). The first compressor (1a) is driven by the exhaust gas energy of the engine (12). A second compressor (2a) driven by an electric motor (2b), and a bypass valve (3) which bypasses the second compressor (2a), are provided in the intake passage (7, 20, 21) between the first compressor (1a) and the engine (12). The bypass valve (3) shifts from the open state to the closed state according to the operation of the second compressor (2a). At this time, the bypass valve (3) starts closing at some time after startup of the second compressor (2a) so that the intake air amount of the engine (12) is not deficient.
摘要:
An etchant comprising an electrolytic liquid which comprises sulfuric acid as a main component and water in such amount that the weight ratio of sulfuric acid to water is between 9:1 and 2:1. The ferrite surface having been electrolytically etched by using this etchant is smooth. Thus, this etchant makes it possible to etch a ferrite to a large depth, and thereby easily shape a ferrite by electrolytic etching, e.g. to define the track width of a magnetic head.