Abstract:
The invention provides a multi-layered transfer belt for image forming apparatus including a base layer, an elastic layer (intermediate layer) and a surface layer, having a high surface resistivity, an excellent toner releasing property and an excellent non-contaminating property. The transfer belt for image forming apparatus is characterized in including, on the base layer, an elastic layer containing an elastomer and a surface layer formed by a fluorine-containing polymer, and preferably further characterized in that the elastic layer is formed by an elastomer rendered ionic conductive, or in that a binder layer is included between the elastic layer and the surface layer, and that the binder layer is formed by a material having a melting point equal to or lower than a thermal decomposition point of the material constituting the elastic layer and a thermal decomposition point equal to or higher than a melting point of the material constituting the surface layer.
Abstract:
The invention provides a multi-layered transfer belt for image forming apparatus including a base layer, an elastic layer (intermediate layer) and a surface layer, having a high surface resistivity, an excellent toner releasing property and an excellent non-contaminating property. The transfer belt for image forming apparatus is characterized in including, on the base layer, an elastic layer containing an elastomer and a surface layer formed by a fluorine-containing polymer, and preferably further characterized in that the elastic layer is formed by an elastomer rendered ionic conductive, or in that a binder layer is included between the elastic layer and the surface layer, and that the binder layer is formed by a material having a melting point equal to or lower than a thermal decomposition point of the material constituting the elastic layer and a thermal decomposition point equal to or higher than a melting point of the material constituting the surface layer.
Abstract:
The invention provides a producing method for a transfer belt for image forming apparatus of forming a binder layer for example of THV on a surface layer of PTFE or PFA to form a first composite member, forming an elastic layer for example of urethane on a base layer of PI, PAI or PVDF to form a second composite member, and then heating fusing the first composite member and the second composite member, a transfer belt for image forming apparatus produced by the producing method, and a producing apparatus for a transfer belt for image forming apparatus to be used in the producing method.
Abstract:
A belt or a roller for OA apparatus, in which a top layer includes a base material formed from PTFE, PFA or a mixture thereof and having a continuous structure and the PTFE, the PFA or the mixture thereof occupies at least 70% of the base material in weight excluding a conductive agent, is provided. The belt or the roller for OA apparatus can attain sufficient toner detachability with respect to toner including chemical toner, and has excellent resistance to physical and/or mechanical stress and resistance to electrical stress. A method of manufacturing the belt or the roller for OA apparatus and an OA apparatus employing the belt or the roller are also provided.
Abstract:
A manufacturing method is provided for a roller, by which a roller having low eccentricity and high surface smoothness can be obtained without the need to perform cumbersome processes such as polishing of a foamed layer. The manufacturing method for a roller includes the steps of injecting a foam-layer compound into the space between a core bar, which is disposed at the center of a cylindrical mold, and an electron beam-irradiated tube, which has an outer diameter somewhat smaller than an inside diameter of the cylindrical mold, and which is set inside the cylindrical mold, and heating and foaming the foam-layer compound, so that the outer surface of the electron beam-irradiated tube is pressed against the inner surface of the cylindrical mold.
Abstract:
The invention offers a high-frequency circuit substrate that sufficiently decreases the transmission delay and transFmission loss in comparison with the conventional high-frequency circuit substrate. In the offered high-frequency circuit substrate, a dielectric layer made of fluororesin is brought into intimate contact directly with a metal conductor that is used for wiring and that has a surface not subjected to coarsening treatment or primer treatment. The offered high-frequency circuit substrate causes a transmission loss of −3 dB/m or less at a frequency of 1 GHz and has a combined specific inductive capacity of 2.6 or less and a combined dielectric loss tangent of 0.0007 or less.
Abstract:
An object management system and data processing system which enable the containment relationships among a plurality of resource managers to be changed without affecting client applications which use services of those resource managers. A tree manager maintains tree structure data that defines the containment relationships among resource managers, together with identification data that is used to distinguish between them. From this tree structure data, an object manager builds a containment tree to grasp the containment relationships among the resource managers. When a client application issues an operation request to one of the resource managers, a message processor receives and forwards it to the object manager. The object manager then searches the containment tree to find identification data of a relevant resource manager for which the received operation request should be destined, thus sending the request to the found destination resource manager. This centralized approach of object management facilitates addition and removal of resource managers to/from the tree structure data.
Abstract:
In the determination of the length of a sheet that has been inserted in a printer, an optical sensor scans the length of the sheet as it is fed into the printer, and a counter is controlled to provide a count corresponding to the length of the sheet. When the sensor encounters a mark on the sheet, such as a line, it provides an output indicating that the sheet is not present. This erroneous output is corrected by moving the sensor laterally of the sheet to a position displaced from the mark to enable further sensing of the presence of the sheet in a region that does not include the mark.
Abstract:
An apparatus for evaluating organization efficiency, a method for evaluation service of organization efficiency, an apparatus for generating communication frequencies, a method for generating communication frequencies, and programs and recording media of the same, quantitatively evaluate efficiency of an organization structure. The present invention provides an apparatus for evaluating organization efficiency having communication frequencies among departments obtaining unit for obtaining communication frequencies among departments, the frequency being frequencies of information interchanges among departments within an organization; a group definition data obtaining unit for obtaining group definition data, the data defining a group including more than one department within an organization; communication frequencies among groups calculation unit for calculating communication frequencies among groups for groups interchanging information, on the basis of communication frequencies among departments; and an organization efficiency calculation unit for calculating efficiency of an organization structure defined by group definition data, on the basis of the communication frequencies among groups.
Abstract:
There are provided a fluororesin thin film which is composed of a fluororesin, which has a thickness of 20 μm or less and a Gurley's number of 300 seconds or more, and which includes no defects, such as voids and/or cracks; a method for manufacturing the fluororesin thin film in which after a fluororesin dispersion including a dispersing medium and a fluororesin powder dispersed therein is applied on a flat and smooth foil, the dispersing medium is dried, and the fluororesin powder is sintered; the fluororesin dispersion; a fluororesin composite including a porous base material and the fluororesin thin film; a manufacturing method thereof a porous fluororesin composite formed by stretching the fluororesin composite; and a separation membrane element using the porous fluororesin composite.